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Microstructure analysis of AISI 304 stainless steel produced by twin-roll thin strip casting process

Journal of University of Science and technology Beijing 2007年第5期14卷 420-424页

作者： Zhenmin Wang Yuan Fang Junjie Qi Yue Zhang Yan Yu Jianchun Wu State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Matefiai University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China R＆D Center Baosteel Advanced Technology Institute Shanghai 201900 China School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114044 China

The microstructure of AISI 304 austenlte stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, and X-ray diffraction （Xrd）. The microstructures of the casting strips show a duplex structure consisting of delta ferrite and austenite. The volume fraction of the delta ferrite is about 9.74vo1% at the center and 6.77vo1% at the surface of the casting thin strip, in vermicular and hand shapes. On account of rapid cooling and solidification in the continuous casting process, many kinds of inclusions and precipitates have been found. Most of the inclusions and precipitates are spherical complex compounds consisting of oxides, such as, SiO2, MnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and FeO or their multiplicity oxides of ***2O3, ***2, and ***2. Many defects including dislocations and stacking faults have also formed during the rapid cooling and solidification process, which is helpful to improve the mechanical properties of the casting strips.

关键词： austenite stainless steel casting thin strip morphology microstructure

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Inside Front Cover: Chemical Process development in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Europe: Insights and Perspectives from Industry Scientists

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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2025年

作者： Joachim Krueger André P. dieskau Jorma Hassfeld Joerg Gries Oliver Block Hilmar Weinmann daniel Kaufmann Stefan Hildbrand Volker Kraft robert Moeckel Juan r. dehli Ulrich Scholz Carl Friedrich Nising Pharmaceuticals CMC & Technology Bayer AG D-42096 Wuppertal Germany Global CMC Development Merck Healthcare KGaA D-64293 Darmstadt Germany Chemical Process R&D Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine Beerse B-2340 Belgium Chemical & Analytical Development Novartis AG Basel CH-4056 Switzerland Process Chemistry & Catalysis F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Basel CH-4070 Switzerland R&D Global CMC Development Synthetics Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH D-65926 Frankfurt Germany Chemical Development Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany

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Investigating the effect of permeation enhancers on oral absorption of a BCS IV compound, ombitasvir, utilizing animal models

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Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2025年 103851页

作者： Anura S Indulkar Layan Hanouch Nathan Gignac Thomas Borchardt Kennan Marsh Small molecule CMC development R&D AbbVie Inc. North Chicago IL. Product Development Science & Technology Operations AbbVie Inc. North Chicago IL. Developmental Sciences AbbVie Inc. North Chicago IL.

discovery of complex biological targets and novel treatment modalities have led to an increase in the number of compounds with poor permeability. Generally, formulation design and development are primarily focused on overcoming poor solubility. Improving oral bioavailability by utilizing permeation enhancers for poorly permeable new chemical entities (NCEs) has not been widely explored. Therefore, in this work the effect of permeation enhancers on a poorly soluble and poorly permeable compound, ombitasvir (OBT), was investigated. Structurally diverse permeation enhancers (PEs) with good safety profile-labrasol® ALF, lauroyl L- and palmitoyl L-carnitine, salcaprozoate sodium (SNAC), and sodium caprate-were tested. To study the impact of solid form and formulation, OBT was dosed as crystal form and as amorphous formulations. To avoid the influence of preclinical in vitro/ex vivo method artifacts on data interpretation, studies were conducted in whole animal models (rat and dog). OBT was dosed at 2 mg/kg and PEs were dosed at 20 mg/kg by peroral route. In rats, OBT was administered as an amorphous colloidal suspension. Only the carnitines showed meaningful enhancement (∼2X) in oral bioavailability. In dogs, OBT was dosed in enteric capsules as crystal form, a slow dissolving 15% drug load (dL) amorphous solid dispersion (ASd) that slowly reached amorphous solubility, and a rapidly dissolving 5% dL ASd that reached amorphous solubility and formed amorphous nanoprecipitates, with and without PEs. OBT was not detected in the blood upon dosing of neat crystalline solid. However, when co-dosed with PEs significantly high oral bioavailability (11-17%) was observed. 15% dL ASd alone showed a meaningful increase in oral bioavailability (∼4%) relative to the crystal form; and combination with PEs further increased the bioavailability by 2-5 fold. All the PEs showed enhancement in oral bioavailability when combined with the crystal form and 15% dL ASd. The enhancement in bioavai

关键词： BCS IV Permeation enhancer absorption enhancer oral absorption poor permeability

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Heat Transfer between Casting and die during High Pressure die Casting Process of AM50 Alloy-Modeling and Experimental results

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Journal of materials Science & technology 2008年第1期24卷 131-135页

作者： Zhipeng GUO Shoumei XIONG Sang-Hyun Cho Jeong-Kil Choi Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Advanced Material R＆D Center Korean Institute of Industrial Technology 994-32 Dongchun-Dong Yonsu-Ku Inchon Korea

A method based on die casting experiments and mathematic modeling is presented for the determination of the heat flow density （HFd） and interfacial heat transfer coefficient （IHTC） during the high pressure die casting （HPdC） *** were carried out using step shape casting and a commercial magnesium alloy,*** profiles were measured and recorded using thermocouples embedded inside the die. Based on these temperature readings,the HFd and IHTC were successfully determined and the calculation results show that the HFd and IHTC at the metal-die interface increases sharply right after the fast phase injection process until approaching their maximum values,after which their values decrease to a much lower level until the dies are *** patterns of heat transfer behavior were found between the die and the casting at different *** thinner the casting was,the more quickly the HFd and IHTC reached their steady ***,the values for both the HFd and IHTC values were different between die and casting at different thicknesses.

关键词：： Interfacial heat transfer coefficient High pressure die casting process AM50 Magnesium alloy

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VoIP over cdma2000 1xEV-dO revision A

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 2006年第2期44卷 88-95页

作者： Yavuz, M diaz, S Kapoor, r Grob, M Black, P Tokgoz, Y Lott, C Corporate Research and Development of Qualcomm Inc. San Diego California. QUALCOMM Inc. Corporate R&D Division Qualcomm. Senior Vice President of Technology for Corporate Research and Development QUALCOMM Incorporated. System Engineer Qualcomm Inc. San Diego California. Corporate R&D Department Qualcomm Inc. San Diego

In this article we analyze performance of VoIP services over 1xEVdO-revision A (dO-rev A) networks and show that high-quality VoIP with unconstrained mobility and high capacity can be achieved. Together with quality of service (QoS) requirements, we emphasize practical issues such as mobility, degradation of feedback-channel quality, and packet overheads. Novel techniques are presented for voice processing such as smart blanking and adaptive dejitter playback buffer with time warping. These techniques help to meet QoS constraints to achieve a circuitlike voice quality while improving overall capacity. detailed end-to-end simulations are presented and system capacity is analyzed under the QoS and system stability constraints. We claim that dO-rev A can provide VoIP capacity comparable to circuit-switched cellular CdMA technologies (e.g., IS-2000) and simultaneously carry significant amount of other types of traffic such as non-delay sensitive applications and downlink multicast.

关键词： INTErNET telephony COdE division multiple access WIrELESS communication systems QUALITY of service MULTICASTING (Computer networks) INTErNET industry SIMULATION methods & models SPrEAd spectrum communications TELEPHONE systems

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Enhancement of the Photoelectric Performance of dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Sol-gel Modified TiO_2 Films

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Journal of materials Science & technology 2011年第8期27卷 764-768页

作者： Yunfeng Zhao Xiaojie Li Qiuping Li Changsheng deng Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China PetroChina Pipeline R&D Center Langfang 065000 China ENN Science Technology Development Co. Ltd. Langfang 065000 China

Modified TiO2 films have been prepared by combining commercial titania powders （degussa P25） with sol-gel made by titanium chloride （Ti-sol）. The result shows that clusters are formed by nanoparticles and large pores can be seen on the surface of the TiO2 films. The short circuit photocurrent density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells are obviously enhanced compared with those without modification. The relationship between the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the amount of Ti-sol was investigated. With the addition of 30 wt% Ti-sol, the photoelectric conversion efficiency as high as 9.75% is achieved, increasing by 28.3% compared with the solar cells without modification.

关键词： Sol-gel Titanium dioxide dye-sensitized solar cells

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Speculation on the EUV photoresist behavior at different dose and pitch 36

Speculation on the EUV photoresist behavior at different dos...

引用

Optical and EUV Nanolithography XXXVI 2023

作者： Hong, Suk-Koo Choi, Young Joo Kim, Eunseol Je, Sang Hyun Kim, Jun Soo Nam, Jaewoo Park, Su Min Material Development Team Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Samsungjeonjaro 1-1 Gyeonggi-do Hwaseong-si Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781510660953

Strong challenge on EUV photoresist includes overcoming the stochastic effect caused by the lack of photons. At the different dose range, the relationship of LCdU and dose moves differently. This 'breaking point' in the relationship of LCdU and dose is measured at different pitches with photoresists and masks with different uniformity. Smaller pitch patterning requires more dose, whereas photoresist and mask does not affect the 'breaking point.' Combining these speculations show the limitation of the EUV at the low dose process, which is critical for high volume manufacturing. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Photoresists

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Fracture Characterisation Methods and Application of Unconventional Oil and Gas reservoirs in reservoir Numerical Simulation

Fracture Characterisation Methods and Application of Unconve...

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2023 SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, APOG 2023

作者： Li, Qiaoyun Wu, Shuhong Cao, Zijian Wang, Baohua Li, Hua Jia, Han RIPED PetroChina China Artificial Intelligence Technology R&D Center for Exploration and Development CNPC China

ISBN: (纸本)9781613999813

It's necessary to solve the problem of fine characterization and efficient simulation of three types of fractures, i.e. natural fractures, artificial fractures and complex fracture network, for the development optimization design and scheme adjustment of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. This paper describes a set of efficient and practical fracture characterization techniques for reservoir numerical model, which integrates various numerical simulation methods of fractures in different scales, including single-medium equivalent model, LGr model, double-medium model, MINC model, non-structural discrete fracture model and embedded discrete fracture model. For different reservoir types and different fracture dimensions, different models are adopted to depict the spatial distribution and fluid flow characteristics of fracture-matrix, matrix-matrix and fracture-fracture. The application in a shale gas shows that the set of fracture characterization methods can accurately describe the shape, geometric characteristics and spatial position of natural fractures, artificial fractures and fracture network. The methods also can simulate the fluid flow characteristics in multi-scale fracture network efficiently, and accurately predict the productivity of fracture network. Copyright 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.

关键词： Natural fractures

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Low resistance small metal contact for high temperature application

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Journal of Vacuum Science and technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 1999年第6期17卷 2559-2564页

作者： Kim, J.S. Kang, W.T. Lee, W.S. Yoo, B.Y. Shin, Y.C. Kim, T.H. Lee, K.Y. Park, Y.J. Park, J.W. Technology Development R&D Center Semiconductor Business Samsung Electronics Co. San #24 Nongseo-lee Kiheung-Eup Yongin-Gun Kyungki-Do Korea

A reliable small metal contact ( [similar to] 0.18 μm) withstanding high temperature post-thermal budget ( [similar to] 800 °C for 30 min) is developed for a bit-line (BL) contact of gigabit scaled dynamic random access memories with capacitor-over BL structure. Cobalt (Co) salicidation on the source/drain regions is indispensable to have low BL contact resistance (rc). The CoSix layer under the contact hole prevents the contact liner (Ti) from reacting with the sub-silicon. Thus, TiSix agglomeration as well as dopant-TiSix interaction is suppressed even with relatively high postannealing temperature. Thin SiN layer on the CoSix is an effective etch stopper during contact etch and protects the thin CoSix layer from the etch damage. Use of an Ar+ soft inductively coupled plasma cleaning instead of the wet chemical cleaning after contact etch is another key factor to attain a reliable BL contact process. The low rc and contact leakage are ensured when ion-metal-plasma Ti/TiN liner is utilized. © 1999 American Vacuum Society.

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Growth and Magnetic Properties of Sol-Gel derived Co-doped ZnO Thin Film

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Journal of rare Earths 2006年第z1期24卷 59-63页

作者： Young Sung Kim Ki Chul Kim Won Pil Tae dae Ho Yoon Tae Seok Park Su Jeong Suh Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Cambridge-ETRI Joint R&D Centre Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon 305-350 Korea Ulsan Industry Promotion Techno Park Ulsan 683-804 Korea Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea

Zn1-xCoxO films were grown on glass by sol-gel spin coating process. A homogeneous and stable Zn1-xCoxO sol was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and aluminium chloride hexahydrate as solutes in solution of isopropanol and monoethanolamine. The films were postheated and vacuum annealed, and investigated for c-axis preferred orientation and electromagnetic properties. Zn1-xCoxO films with different Co concentrations were oriented well along the c-axis, especially the Zn1-xCoxO film with 10% Co(atom fraction) was highly c-axis oriented. The transmittance spectra show that Zn1-xCoxO films occur d-d transition and sp-d exchange interaction between Co2+ ions. The electrical resistivity of the films at 10% Co had the lowest value because the crystallite size became largest and the crystallinity of the c-axis was improved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and alternating gradient magnetometer analyses indicated that no Co metal cluster was formed, and the ferromagnetism at room temperature appeared. The characteristics of the electrical resistivity and room temperature ferromagnetism of sol-gel derived Zn1-xCoxO films suggest a potential application of dilute magnetic semiconductor devices.

关键词： sol-gel Zn1-xCoxO thin film dilute magnetic semiconductor (dMS)

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