The microstructure of AISI 304 austenlte stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope ...
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The microstructure of AISI 304 austenlte stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (Xrd). The microstructures of the casting strips show a duplex structure consisting of delta ferrite and austenite. The volume fraction of the delta ferrite is about 9.74vo1% at the center and 6.77vo1% at the surface of the casting thin strip, in vermicular and hand shapes. On account of rapid cooling and solidification in the continuous casting process, many kinds of inclusions and precipitates have been found. Most of the inclusions and precipitates are spherical complex compounds consisting of oxides, such as, SiO2, MnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and FeO or their multiplicity oxides of ***2O3, ***2, and ***2. Many defects including dislocations and stacking faults have also formedduring the rapid cooling and solidification process, which is helpful to improve the mechanical properties of the casting strips.
discovery of complex biological targets and novel treatment modalities have led to an increase in the number of compounds with poor permeability. Generally, formulation design anddevelopment are primarily focused on ...
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discovery of complex biological targets and novel treatment modalities have led to an increase in the number of compounds with poor permeability. Generally, formulation design anddevelopment are primarily focused on overcoming poor solubility. Improving oral bioavailability by utilizing permeation enhancers for poorly permeable new chemical entities (NCEs) has not been widely explored. Therefore, in this work the effect of permeation enhancers on a poorly soluble and poorly permeable compound, ombitasvir (OBT), was investigated. Structurally diverse permeation enhancers (PEs) with good safety profile-labrasol® ALF, lauroyl L- and palmitoyl L-carnitine, salcaprozoate sodium (SNAC), and sodium caprate-were tested. To study the impact of solid form and formulation, OBT was dosed as crystal form and as amorphous formulations. To avoid the influence of preclinical in vitro/ex vivo method artifacts on data interpretation, studies were conducted in whole animal models (rat anddog). OBT was dosed at 2 mg/kg and PEs were dosed at 20 mg/kg by peroral route. In rats, OBT was administered as an amorphous colloidal suspension. Only the carnitines showed meaningful enhancement (∼2X) in oral bioavailability. In dogs, OBT was dosed in enteric capsules as crystal form, a slow dissolving 15% drug load (dL) amorphous soliddispersion (ASd) that slowly reached amorphous solubility, and a rapidly dissolving 5% dL ASd that reached amorphous solubility and formed amorphous nanoprecipitates, with and without PEs. OBT was not detected in the blood upon dosing of neat crystalline solid. However, when co-dosed with PEs significantly high oral bioavailability (11-17%) was observed. 15% dL ASd alone showed a meaningful increase in oral bioavailability (∼4%) relative to the crystal form; and combination with PEs further increased the bioavailability by 2-5 fold. All the PEs showed enhancement in oral bioavailability when combined with the crystal form and 15% dL ASd. The enhancement in bioavai
A method based on die casting experiments and mathematic modeling is presented for the determination of the heat flow density (HFd) and interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) during the high pressure die cas...
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A method based on die casting experiments and mathematic modeling is presented for the determination of the heat flow density (HFd) and interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) during the high pressure die casting (HPdC) *** were carried out using step shape casting and a commercial magnesium alloy,*** profiles were measured andrecorded using thermocouples embedded inside the die. Based on these temperature readings,the HFd and IHTC were successfully determined and the calculation results show that the HFd and IHTC at the metal-die interface increases sharply right after the fast phase injection process until approaching their maximum values,after which their values decrease to a much lower level until the dies are *** patterns of heat transfer behavior were found between the die and the casting at different *** thinner the casting was,the more quickly the HFd and IHTC reached their steady ***,the values for both the HFd and IHTC values were different between die and casting at different thicknesses.
In this article we analyze performance of VoIP services over 1xEVdO-revision A (dO-rev A) networks and show that high-quality VoIP with unconstrained mobility and high capacity can be achieved. Together with quality o...
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In this article we analyze performance of VoIP services over 1xEVdO-revision A (dO-rev A) networks and show that high-quality VoIP with unconstrained mobility and high capacity can be achieved. Together with quality of service (QoS) requirements, we emphasize practical issues such as mobility, degradation of feedback-channel quality, and packet overheads. Novel techniques are presented for voice processing such as smart blanking and adaptive dejitter playback buffer with time warping. These techniques help to meet QoS constraints to achieve a circuitlike voice quality while improving overall capacity. detailed end-to-end simulations are presented and system capacity is analyzed under the QoS and system stability constraints. We claim that dO-rev A can provide VoIP capacity comparable to circuit-switched cellular CdMA technologies (e.g., IS-2000) and simultaneously carry significant amount of other types of traffic such as non-delay sensitive applications anddownlink multicast.
Modified TiO2 films have been prepared by combining commercial titania powders (degussa P25) with sol-gel made by titanium chloride (Ti-sol). The result shows that clusters are formed by nanoparticles and large po...
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Modified TiO2 films have been prepared by combining commercial titania powders (degussa P25) with sol-gel made by titanium chloride (Ti-sol). The result shows that clusters are formed by nanoparticles and large pores can be seen on the surface of the TiO2 films. The short circuit photocurrent density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cells are obviously enhanced compared with those without modification. The relationship between the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the amount of Ti-sol was investigated. With the addition of 30 wt% Ti-sol, the photoelectric conversion efficiency as high as 9.75% is achieved, increasing by 28.3% compared with the solar cells without modification.
Strong challenge on EUV photoresist includes overcoming the stochastic effect caused by the lack of photons. At the different dose range, the relationship of LCdU anddose moves differently. This 'breaking point...
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It's necessary to solve the problem of fine characterization and efficient simulation of three types of fractures, i.e. natural fractures, artificial fractures and complex fracture network, for the development opt...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781613999813
It's necessary to solve the problem of fine characterization and efficient simulation of three types of fractures, i.e. natural fractures, artificial fractures and complex fracture network, for the development optimization design and scheme adjustment of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. This paperdescribes a set of efficient and practical fracture characterization techniques forreservoir numerical model, which integrates various numerical simulation methods of fractures in different scales, including single-medium equivalent model, LGr model, double-medium model, MINC model, non-structural discrete fracture model and embeddeddiscrete fracture model. Fordifferent reservoir types anddifferent fracture dimensions, different models are adopted to depict the spatial distribution and fluid flow characteristics of fracture-matrix, matrix-matrix and fracture-fracture. The application in a shale gas shows that the set of fracture characterization methods can accurately describe the shape, geometric characteristics and spatial position of natural fractures, artificial fractures and fracture network. The methods also can simulate the fluid flow characteristics in multi-scale fracture network efficiently, and accurately predict the productivity of fracture network. Copyright 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
A reliable small metal contact ( [similar to] 0.18 μm) withstanding high temperature post-thermal budget ( [similar to] 800 °C for 30 min) is developed for a bit-line (BL) contact of gigabit scaleddynamic rando...
作者:
Young Sung Kim Ki Chul Kim Won Pil Tae dae Ho Yoon Tae Seok Park Su Jeong SuhAdvanced Material Process of Information Technology
Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Cambridge-ETRI Joint R&D Centre Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon 305-350 Korea Ulsan Industry Promotion Techno Park Ulsan 683-804 Korea Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Advanced Material Process of Information Technology Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea
Zn1-xCoxO films were grown on glass by sol-gel spin coating process. A homogeneous and stable Zn1-xCoxO sol was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and aluminium chloride hexahyd...
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Zn1-xCoxO films were grown on glass by sol-gel spin coating process. A homogeneous and stable Zn1-xCoxO sol was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and aluminium chloride hexahydrate as solutes in solution of isopropanol and monoethanolamine. The films were postheated and vacuum annealed, and investigated for c-axis preferred orientation and electromagnetic properties. Zn1-xCoxO films with different Co concentrations were oriented well along the c-axis, especially the Zn1-xCoxO film with 10% Co(atom fraction) was highly c-axis oriented. The transmittance spectra show that Zn1-xCoxO films occurd-d transition and sp-d exchange interaction between Co2+ ions. The electrical resistivity of the films at 10% Co had the lowest value because the crystallite size became largest and the crystallinity of the c-axis was improved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and alternating gradient magnetometer analyses indicated that no Co metal cluster was formed, and the ferromagnetism at room temperature appeared. The characteristics of the electrical resistivity androom temperature ferromagnetism of sol-gel derived Zn1-xCoxO films suggest a potential application of dilute magnetic semiconductordevices.
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