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Effects of drying time on the formation of merged and soft MAPbI3 grains and their photovoltaic responses

Nanoscale Advances 2023年第8期5卷 2190-2198页

作者： Chandel, Anjali Ke, Qi Bin Chiang, Shou-En Cheng, Hsin-Ming Chang, Sheng Hsiung Department of Physics Chung Yuan Christian University Taiwan Taoyuan320314 Taiwan Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics Taiwan Taoyuan320314 Taiwan Center for Nano Technology and R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan Christian University Taiwan Taoyuan320314 Taiwan Department of Photonics National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Tainan701 Taiwan

The grain sizes of soft CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) thin films and the atomic contact strength at the MAPbI3/P3CT-Na interface are manipulated by varying the drying time of the saturated MAPbI3 precursor solutions, which influences the device performance and lifespan of the resultant inverted perovskite photovoltaic cells. The atomic-force microscopy images, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images, photoluminescence spectra and absorbance spectra show that the increased short-circuit current density (JSC) and increased fill factor (FF) are mainly due to the formation of merged MAPbI3 grains. Besides, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the encapsulated photovoltaic cells largely increases from 1.01 V to 1.15 V, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency from 17.89% to 19.55% after 30 days, which can be explained as due to the increased carrier density of the MAPbI3 crystalline thin film. It is noted that the use of the optimized drying time during the spin coating process results in the formation of merged MAPbI3 grains while keeping the contact quality at the MAPbI3/P3CT-Na interface, which boosts the device performance and lifespan of the resultant perovskite photovoltaic cells. © 2023 rSC.

关键词： Photoluminescence

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Measurement of Absorption Current of Polyester Coated Enameled Wires with Q(t) meter

Measurement of Absorption Current of Polyester Coated Enamel...

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2023 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating materials, ISEIM 2023

作者： Watanabe, Akinao Fukuma, Masumi Sekiguchi, Yoitsu Advanced Electronic and Information Systems Course National Institute of Technology Matsue College Matsue Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Institute of Technology Matsue College Matsue Japan Energy and Electronics Materials R&D Laboratories Sumitomo Electric Industries Osaka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9784886864376

A Q(t) meter is used to measure electrical properties in insulating materials. Here, Q(t) is the integral value of circuit current with time t. It is possible to measure the Q(t) of the insulation material of a capacitor and a cable by using Q(t) meter. The current through an insulating material is divided into an instantaneous charging current, an absorption current and an equilibrium leakage current. It is considered that the absorption current is related to charge accumulation in the insulating materials. In this paper, an enameled wire (1.6 PEW) is used to prepare a cable sample, the Q(t) of the coated polyester (PEs) is measured, and extraction of absorption current components from measured Q(t) are reported. © 2023 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Insulating materials

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Evolution of Steel Chemistry and Cleanliness during rH degassing Process

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Iron and Steel technology 2023年第6期20卷 170-179页

作者： Garg, diti Sahoo, P.P. Tripathy, P.K. Ghosh, Biswajit Shah, Hitesh Hasmukhrai Viswanathan, N.N. Kumar, deepoo Tech. Steel and Casting Technology Tata Steel Ltd. JH Jamshedpur India R&D Tata Steel Ltd. JH Jamshedpur India Raw Material Technology Group Process Technology Tata Steel Ltd. JH Jamshedpur India Technology Tata Steel Ltd. JH Jamshedpur India LD2 and Slab Caster Tata Steel Ltd. JH Jamshedpur India Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology – Bombay MH Mumbai India

Ultralow-carbon steels produced by the converter are further decarburized, deoxidized and alloyed in a rH degasser. Timing and the amount of alloying additions/blowing can significantly affect the process efficiency and steel quality. Kinetic models can be used to study decarburization, mixing of alloys, chemistry and cleanliness evolution during the process. In this work, steel and slag samples are collected during the rH degassing process. A kinetic model for the rH degassing process is developed using the macroprocessing feature in FactSage 8.1. The measured chemistry of steel and slag and inclusion analysis of the steel samples is used to estimate the model parameters. © Association for Iron & Steel technology.

关键词： Slags

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Three-point Bending Test Method Experimental Study for Package Strength and Crack Prediction through Finite Element Analysis

Three-point Bending Test Method Experimental Study for Packa...

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International Conference on (ICEPT) Electronic Packaging technology

作者： Minyan Wu Yunpeng Shang Tingzuo Tan Yonghua Zhou Packaging Technology Development Team Samsung Semiconductor(China)R&D CO. LTD Suzhou China

In recent years with the thinner, smaller, higher-density stack trend for package (PKG) design, the package crack risk becomes higher and higher in the assembly process and reliability tests. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an effective method to measure and predict package strength. The three-point bending (3PB) test is widely used to evaluate package strength. However, detailed parameters of the 3PB test vary among different manufacturers, making it difficult to compare data. Here, the main impact factors and mechanisms were evaluated to demonstrate the impact of 3PB test parameters on data. Additionally, a package strength prediction method was established using ANSYS software and Python based on epoxy mold compound (EMC) fracture. results showed that the placement direction determined how the package crack and internal chips cracked before EMC instead of simultaneous fracture when the indenter was parallel to the package`s long side. Both crack force and strain were changed by more than 20% when one of the indenter sizes, span, or pre-treatment was altered greatly. The effect of speed and strain gage type on the test results was less than 10%. Furthermore, 3PB finite element models were set up, in which boundary setting was solder ball side towards up, short side parallel to indenter, φ0.6mm indenter size, and 12mm span without pre-treatment. The crack force of a typical same-die structure package was predicted through iterations, starting with an initial load value of 100Nton and increments of 5Nton. It was observed that EMC and chips broke simultaneously under the setting test conditions, with the EMC fracture threshold of 130MPa adopted as the criterion for terminating iterations. The highest prediction accuracy of package 3PB strength was 92%, which assists in package crack risk management and provides guidance for future structured design.

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PepINVENT: Generative peptide design beyond the natural amino acids

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Geylan, Gökçe Janet, Jon Paul Tibo, Alessandro He, Jiazhen Patronov, Atanas Kabeshov, Mikhail david, Florian Czechtizky, Werngard Engkvist, Ola de Maria, Leonardo BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden Medicinal Chemistry Research and Early Development BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Peptides play a crucial role in the drug design and discovery whether as a therapeutic modality or a delivery agent. Non-natural amino acids (NNAAs) have been used to enhance the peptide properties from binding affinity, plasma stability to permeability. Incorporating novel NNAAs facilitates the design of more effective peptides with improved properties. The generative models used in the field, have focused on navigating the peptide sequence space. The sequence space is formed by combinations of a predefined set of amino acids. However, there is still a need for a tool to explore the peptide landscape beyond this enumerated space to unlock and effectively incorporate de novo design of new amino acids. To thoroughly explore the theoretical chemical space of the peptides, we present PepINVENT, a novel generative AI-based tool as an extension to the small molecule molecular design platform, rEINVENT. PepINVENT navigates the vast space of natural and non-natural amino acids to propose valid, novel, and diverse peptide designs. The generative model can serve as a central tool for peptide-related tasks, as it was not trained on peptides with specific properties or topologies. The prior was trained to understand the granularity of peptides and to design amino acids for filling the masked positions within a peptide. PepINVENT coupled with reinforcement learning enables the goal-oriented design of peptides using its chemistry-informed generative capabilities. This study demonstrates PepINVENT’s ability to explore the peptide space with unique and novel designs, and its capacity for property optimization in the context of therapeutically relevant peptides. Our tool can be employed for multi-parameter learning objectives, peptidomimetics, lead optimization, and variety of other tasks within the peptide domain. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Amino acids

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A 3d attention U-Net network and its application in geological model parameterization

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Petroleum Exploration and development 2023年第1期50卷 183-190页

作者： LI Xiaobo LI Xin YAN Lin ZHOU Tenghua LI Shunming WANG Jiqiang LI Xinhao AI Research Center Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing 100083China Artificial Intelligence Technology R&D Center for Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing 100083China Department of Oilfield Development Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing 100083China

To solve the problems of convolutional neural network–principal component analysis(CNN-PCA)in fine description and generalization of complex reservoir geological features,a 3d attention U-Net network was proposed not using a trained C3d video motion analysis model to extract the style of a 3d model,and applied to complement the details of geologic model lost in the dimension reduction of PCA method in this *** 3d attention U-Net network was applied to a complex river channel sandstone reservoir to test its *** results show that compared with CNN-PCA method,the 3d attention U-Net network could better complement the details of geological model lost in the PCA dimension reduction,better reflect the fluid flow features in the original geologic model,and improve history matching results.

关键词： reservoir history matching geological model parameterization deep learning attention mechanism 3d U-Net

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Improving Waste-Incineration Energy recovery Efficiency Using a reverse Calculation Algorithm to Estimate Waste Composition and Heating Value

SSRN

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SSrN 2024年

作者： Lim, Minseob Kim, Seongil Lee, Youngjae Lee, Yongwoon Yang, Won Low-Carbon Emission Control R&D Department Research Institute of Sustainable Development Technology Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Chungcheongnam-do Cheonan Korea Republic of

Waste incineration has emerged as an increasingly important method for treating waste, ensuring stable waste disposal and offering the advantage of producing and utilizing thermal energy from the incineration process, thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Understanding the composition and heating value of waste is important to ensure efficient waste management. However, information on waste composition and heating vary widely. Currently, in waste incinerator facilities, the heating value of waste is calculated;however, this method cannot ensure the accuracy of the overall application of incinerator facilities. To address this, this study calculated waste-related parameters (for heating value and composition) via an integrated reverse calculation algorithm, using real-time operational data. Using these values, we enhanced the accuracy of energy recovery efficiency calculations by developing a simulation model for the target system. Based on the model, we propose an operational improvement to increase the energy recovery efficiency of the target waste-incinerator system. Using the proposed method, energy recovery efficiency increased by approximately 10% relative to that of the existing incinerator operation. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to various incinerator systems. Our study findings contribute to the more accurate determination of energy recovery efficiency necessary for the effective implementation of waste-management policy in South Korea. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Waste incineration

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Highly Active and Stable Bimetallic Ordered Catalysts for Oxygen reduction reaction Improvement in Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

SSRN

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Kim, Sun I. Lim, Su-Yeong Son, Mingyu Kim, Taehyo Green Materials and Processes R&D Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Ulsan44413 Korea Republic of

demand for replacing the Pt catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has increased because Pt metal is rare and high cost. The most reasonable way is synthesizing Pt-base alloy using transition metals such as Co, Ni, Fe, and Mo. The Pt-based alloy catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity by creating a synergistic effect through the interaction between Pt and the transition metals. Here we present the best PtNi alloy composition and maximize the performance of the oxygen reduction reaction (Orr) activity in fuel cells by annealing the alloy under a hydrogen atmosphere. The Pt7Ni3/C catalyst indicated a higher Orr activity than other compositions due to different structural changes, and the annealing catalysts at 700°C under an H2 atmosphere improved the electrochemical activity and stability. The heat treatment increased the conductivity by reducing oxygen bonding as well as changing the structure into an ordered face-centered tetragonal (FCT) structure with good activity. The result of these studies provides a new way to develop high-performance and low-cost catalyst materials for fuel cells. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat treatment

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research on Business Center Monitoring System Based on Business Emergency System of Power Grid Company 5

Research on Business Center Monitoring System Based on Busin...

引用

5th International Conference on System reliability and Safety Engineering, SrSE 2023

作者： Kang, Kai Liu, Yi Yi Zhang, Li Shou Bi, Qing He, Li Kui Zhang, Yuan Yuan State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Information and Communication Company Information Construction and Operation Center Shanghai China R&d Center Shanghai Xinneng Information Technology Development Company Shanghai China Shanghai Zimu Information Technology Company Business Analysis Department Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305944

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the research related to the business center monitoring system based on the emergency response system of the business center of the power grid company. The business monitoring of the business center determines to a certain extent the basis of the stable and continuous operation of the business center. Through the research on the business indicator monitoring system of the business platform emergency system, it can provide sufficient support for the business development of the power grid company. It can also provide assistance for the operation of various businesses and play a certain role in guiding. In this paper, through the overall architecture design and key technology research on the corresponding business indicator monitoring system of the business center, a complete set of business indicator monitoring system specifications based on the emergency system of the business center of the grid company is obtained. It will provide the basis and guidance for the actual construction of the subsequent system, reduce the system construction cycle and the uncertainty of the construction, as well as help the business center flexibly and quickly adapt to the changes of the business development. Meanwhile, it will also help the business center adapt flexibly and quickly to business development changes. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Specifications

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High-Volumetric-Energy-density Cathode with Bimodal distribution Synthetized from Single-Sized Precursor Via Precise Additive Control

SSRN

引用

SSrN 2023年

作者： Kwon, Yong Min Kim, Chang-Su Kim, Kookhan Kim, Yang-Su Kim, Sung-Su Kim, Jongmin Chemical Materials R&D Department Korea Automotive Technology Institute Cheonan Chungnam31214 Korea Republic of

To overcome the energy density limitations of current layered cathode materials, high-nickel cathode materials with a bimodal distribution composed of ~15um sized secondary particles and micron-sized single crystals were synthesized from a single-sized high-nickel precursor by incorporating the grain-growth promoting/inhibiting additive. Synthesized cathode material effectively reduced the pores within the electrode and showed an excellent electrode density, exceeding ~80% of the theoretical density. In addition, due to efficient contact between large secondary particles and small single crystals, bimodal particles with additives showed higher electrical conductivity compared to additive-free monomodal secondary particles, and a capacity of ~220 mAh/g was achieved at a loading level of ~30 mg/cm2. Based on remarkable electrode density and high capacity, it was possible to realize a volumetric energy density of more than 700 wh/L. Moreover, through the synergistic effect of morphology control by selective additives and surface coating, the synthesized bimodal cathode simultaneously exhibited excellent capacity as well as improved cycle-life performance compared to a bare cathode without additives. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to increased connectivity between individual cathode particles, decreased bulk/surface resistance, and reduced intergranular cracks after cycling through structure design by additives, which was confirmed through various electrochemical analyses and electrode observations. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grain growth

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