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International Electron devices Meeting (IEdM)

作者： T. Ogata M. Inoue T. Nakamura N. Tsuji K. Kobayashi K. Kawase H. Kurokawa T. Kaneoka Y. Ohno H. Miyoshi ULSI Development Center Mitsubishi Electronic Corporation Itami Hyogo Japan Ryoden Semiconductor System Engineering Corporation Itami Hyogo Japan Memory IC Division Mitsubishi Electronic Corporation Itami Hyogo Japan Advanced Technology R&D Center Mitsubishi Electronic Corporation Amagasaki Hyogo Japan

We have statistically analyzed 28800 cells of arrayed stacked gate transistors, and, for the first time, we discuss the effectiveness of NO and N/sub 2/O nitridation in suppressing microscopic SILC (mSILC). We have found that NO nitridation is more effective in suppressing the mSILC than N/sub 2/O nitridation and is very promising for the reduction of bit failures.

关键词： Microscopy dielectric substrates MOS capacitors Electron traps Stress dielectric measurements Charge carrier processes dielectric films Leakage current Gases

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Least-hop path planning using neural networks

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Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 1998年第8期80卷

作者： Haruko Kawahigashi Ken-ichi Tanaka Kazuyoshi Oshima Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Information Technology R&D Center Kamakura Japan 247 Advanced Technology R&D Center Amagasaki Japan 661 Information & Communication Systems Development Center Kamakura Japan 247

recently, application of neural networks using their parallel processing feature has progressed. This paper proposes a routing method using a neural network and based on dynamic programming. The proposed method finds the least-hop path between two points in a communication network. The method consists of the application of disturbance to the destination, propagation of the disturbance to the source, and search for the shortest path from the source to the destination, using the distribution of the influences of the disturbance at each node. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 80(8): 1–6, 1997

关键词： neural network broad band-ISdN network design network theory data communication network network technology

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Superconducting magnetic gradiometers for underwater target detection

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1998年第1期110卷 139-149页

作者： Clem, Tr Ted R. Clem is a research physicist at the NSWC Coastal Systems Station (CSS). He has been managing the CSSs program to develop and demonstrate superconducting gradiometers since 1992. He joined the research staff at CSS in 1982. His research interests include the application of magnetic sensors for magnetic anomaly detection superconducting sensor development and demonstration and investgation of noise mechanisms associated with superconducting materials. He is also coordinator of low frequency applications in superconductivity for the Naval Consortium for Supercmductivity. The Chief of Naval Research awarded him for co-authoring the Best Nay Independent Research Paper in 1989. In addition he received the CSSas Award for Special Achievement in Science and Technology in 1985 for his endeavors to understand important noise sources in superconducting sensor technology and in 1989 for research with the high temperature superconducting materials. He is a member of the American Physical Society. Dx Clem graduated with a B.S. in physics from North Carolina State University and a Masters and a Ph.D. in bimthematics from North Carolina State University with dissertation research in theoretical statistical mechanics.

Passive magnetic sensors provide one means to conduct mobile area surveys and search operations for the detection of magnetic anomaly targets. Sensors incorporating Superconducting Quantum Interference devices (SQUIds) provide the greatest sensitivity for magnetic anomaly detection available with current technology. A superconducting magnetic-field gradiometer developed in the 1980's has been demonstrated in fusion with acoustic sensors to enhance shallow water sea mine detection and classification, especially for buried mine detection and the reduction of acoustic false alarm rates. This sensor incorporated niobium bulk and wire superconducting components cooled by liquid helium to a temperature of 4 degrees Kelvin (K). An advanced superconducting gradiometer prototype is being developed to increase sensitivity and detection range. This sensor features all thin film niobium superconducting components (replacing the bulk superconducting components used in the preceding generation) and a new liquid helium cooling concept. In the late 1980's, a new class of "high Tc" superconductors was discovered with critical temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K). The use of liquid nitrogen refrigeration offers new opportunities for this sensor technology, providing significant reduction in the size of sensor packages and in the requirements for cryogenic support and logistics. As a result of this breakthrough, a high Tc sensor concept using liquid nitrogen refrigeration has been developed and a test article of that concept is being fabricated and evaluated. In this paper, these recent advances in sensor development will be reviewed and a current perspective on the role of magnetic sensors for underwater target detection, classification and localization will be addressed.

关键词： Magnetometers

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recapitalizing the Navy through optimized manning and improved reliability

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1998年第6期110卷 61-72页

作者： Anderson, dE Malone, TB Baker, CC Mr. David E. Anderson:is a Navel Engineer with the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is currently assigmd to the HumanSystems Integration branch. Mr Anderson has a Bachelor of Science degree an Environmental Engineering from Flurida Technological University and a Master's in Environmental Engiwering from the University of Central Flurida. He currentEy is an HSI manager for a number oflvay R&D and skig acquisition efforts. Dr. Thomas B. Malone:received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is President of Carlow International Incorporated an organization dedicated to human factors research and development with emphasis an mantime systems. He has directed over 350 programs and projects in his 33 year career and is responsible for overall management of all contract programs within the Corporation. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and E r g m i c s Society (HFES) of which he is a Fellow. He is also a Fellow of the Washington Academy of Sciences He was selected as a member of the N A S Space Sciences Technical Advisuiy Committee on Technoloo Requirements for Human Performance on Long Duration Space Missions in 2989 and 90. He was elected as the First Chair of the Systems Development Technical Group of the HFES. Dr Malone is currently managing eflorts to devehp and auto- mate standardized processes for canducting human systems integration (HSI) in the military weapon systems acquisition process and fov developing automated tools to facilitate fledormance of specific steps in the HSI process. Dr Malone also is currently occupied in applying human engineering to the DD 21 and is serving as the Chair ofthe System ManninglHuman Perfomzance Working IPT under the DD 21 ManninglHSI IPT chaired ty PMS 500M. Mr. Clifford Baker:has over 20 years experience in developing and applying human factors technology to complex systems. He holds a masters degree in psychology with a specialization in human factors engineering and he is a Board Certified Human Factors Engineering Profesional

reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean-time-between-failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment. Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human-system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures. After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Transition and relaxation processes of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene studied by positron annihilation

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Journal of Polymer Science 1998年第10期35卷

作者： A. Uedono T. Kawano S. Tanigawa M. Ban M. Kyoto T. Uozumi Institute of Materials Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan Radioisotope Center University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan Analytical Characterization Center R&D Group Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. 1 Taya-cho Sakae-ku Yokohama 244 Japan Electric Power System Technology Research Laboratories Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. 1-1-3 Shimaya Konohana-ku Osaka 554 Japan

Transition and relaxation processes of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were studied by the positron annihilation technique. From measurements of lifetime spectra of positrons as a function of temperature, the lifetime of ortho-positronium, τ 3 , and its intensity, I 3 , were found to increase above 260 K for PP. This fact was attributed to a cooperative motion of large segments of molecules above the glass transition temperature, T g . For PE, above T g (140 K), the value of τ 3 increased, but the temperature coefficient of I 3 was negative below 230 K. From this fact, for PE, the molecular motions that cause the glass transition were associated with a rearrangement of molecules by local motions such as kink motions. The discrepancy between the results for PE and PP was attributed to the presence of methyl groups in PP and the resultant suppression of the local motions. For PS ( T g = 340 K), the molecular motions were found to start above 260 K, but those were suppressed by an interphenyl correlation. detailed annihilation characteristics of positrons in polymers were also discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 1601–1609, 1997

关键词： positron annihilation polyethylene polypropylene polystyrene glass transition

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Model to predict the steady state pull-in during dC-casting of aluminum sheet ingots

Model to predict the steady state pull-in during DC-casting ...

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Proceedings of the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting

作者： Hakonsen, Arild Hydro Aluminium R&D Materials Technology Sunndalsora Norway

By combining empirical results with a dimension analysis, a model for the prediction of pull-in during dC-casting of aluminum sheet ingots is constructed. The model predicts the steady state pull-in along the rolling faces of an ingot. By knowing an alloy constant, the nominal geometry and the casting speed, the model can easily calculate a near optimal mould shape. It is also possible to calculate the resulting shape of the rolling faces of an ingot for a given mould geometry, alloy constant and casting speed. The model requires only a spread sheet for these calculations. Comparisons with experiments show a very good agreement. The best fit values of the alloy constant for several commercial aluminum alloys are presented. The value of this constant varies within 12%.

关键词： Ingots

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reliable 0.28 μm metal contact technology

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Journal of Vacuum Science & technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena 1997年第5期15卷 1775-1775页

作者： Kim, J.S. Kang, C.J. Park, J.W. Chung, S.H. Kim, B.C. Lee, J.Y. Park, J.W. R&D Center Technology Development Semiconductor Business Samsung Electronics Co. Kiheung-Eup Yongin-Gun Kyungki-Do Korea

A reliable small metal contact (MC) process is developed for the gigabit scaled dynamic random access memories (drAMs). The high aspect ratio contact etch was accomplished by using a high density inductively coupled plasma reactor. The low contact resistance of the MC for the gigabit scaled drAMs is realized when the amount of Si consumption at the bottom of the contact holes is minimized (<20 nm). The dopant activation of the source and drain (S/d) regions is also critical to have low contact and sheet resistances (rc and rs). Use of the high temperature (>950 °C) rapid thermal annealing enhances the dopant activation and effectively reduces the rc and rs. Surface treatment of the bottom of the contact hole after dry etch, becomes a key factor to have low contact resistance in the case of small contacts. The conventional Ar+ in situ sputter cleaning deteriorates the contact resistance of the vertically sloped small MCs. Light etch using CF4 and O2 gases removes damaged layer and improves contact resistance. rapid thermal nitridation after TiN barrier metal deposition also improves electrical properties of the MCs.

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Abstracts of presentations at the 19th Congress of the Israeli Phytopathological Society - February 16-17, 1998, ArO, the Volcani Center, Bet dagan, Israel

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PHYTOPArASITICA 1998年第2期26卷 153-174页

作者： [Anonymous] Dept. of Ornamental Horticulture ARO Newe Ya’ar Research Center Ramat Yishay Israel Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Tel Aviv Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Kibbutz Bar’am M.P. Merom Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology ARO Gilat Experiment Station M.P. Negev Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology Israel Dept. of Field Crops ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Inst. for Cereal Crops Improvement (ICCI) The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Dept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Israel Official Seed Testing Laboratory Israel Depts. of Plant Pathology Israel Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Tel Aviv Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Dept. of Entomology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences Rehovot Israel Dept. of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé Laval University University City Quebec Canada Dept. of Agronomy and Natural Resources ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Plant Science The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Dept. of Ornamental Horticulture ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Inst. de Agricultura Sostenible CSIC Cordoba Spain Dept. of Plant Science Israel Dept. of Biology Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Inst. of Cereal Crops Improvement Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Arava R&D Sapir Center M.P. Central Dept. of Agricultural Botany Israel Dept. of Vegetable Crops ARO Newe Ya’ar Resea

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Efficient Amplification at 1.3 µm in a Pr3+-doped Ga-Na-S Fiber 8

Efficient Amplification at 1.3 µm in a Pr3+-doped Ga-Na-S F...

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8th Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, OAA 1997

作者： Tawarayama, H. Ishikawa, E. Itoh, K. Aoki, H. Yanagita, H. Okada, K. Yamanaka, K. Matsuoka, Y. Toratani, H. Technology Development Laboratory R&D Center Hoya Corporation 3-3-1 Musashino Akishima-shi Tokyo196 Japan

A Pr3+-doped Ga-Na-S (GNS) chalcogenide glass fiber, of which transmission loss is 1.2 dB/m at 1.31 µm, has been fabricated and a large gain coefficient of 0.81 dB/mW has been achieved. © 1997 OSA/OAA 1997.

ISBN: (纸本)1557525056

关键词： rare earths

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Superplasticized microcement grouts 5

Superplasticized microcement grouts

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5th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete

作者： Santagata, Maria Caterina Bonora, Giuseppe Collepardi, Mario Department of Materials and Earth Sciences University of Ancona Italy R&D Laboratory Gruppo Cementi Rossi Piacenza Italy Materials Technology and Applied Chemistry Ancona University Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9780870316722

The paper examines the rheological and mechanical behavior of superplasticized microcement grouts to be used for the consolidation of porous systems (e.g. sand deposits, masonry walls of historical buildings). Five microcements were used: They differed in chemical composition of the clinker, type of mineral addition (natural pozzolan or silica fume), and particle size distribution. Three different superplasticizing chemical admixtures - acrylic, naphtalene, and melamine based - were used, all with an active polymer content of 0.4% by mass of cement. The following properties of the grouts were investigated: Fluidity (Marsh cone), compressive strength, stability (bleeding test). The acrylic polymer proved to be more effective than the naphtalene and melamine based products in reducing the mixing water to produce a given initial fluidity. Furthermore, the grouts produced with this superplasticizer displayed a lower fluidity loss with time. The performance of a specific mixture was also strongly dependent on the fineness of the binder and on the type of mineral addition. The compressive strength of the hardened grouts was primarily affected-especially at latter ages - by the water-binder ratio, independently of the type of superplasticizer. None of the mixtures considered showed any significant bleeding. A limited number of injection tests in columns of dense sand were also performed. For a given water binder ratio, the groutability of a mixture was greatly improved using the acrylic based superplasticizer in place of the melamine- and naphtalene-based products. © 1997 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grouting

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