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research progress on perovskite solar cells based on organic carbon electrodes

Carbon Letters 2025年 1-28页

作者： Lin, Zhikuan Xiong, Zhen Guo, Haijun Zhang, Hairong Wang, Mengkun Xiong, Lian Chen, Xinde School of Energy Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei PR China Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou PR China R&D Center of Xuyi Attapulgite Energy and Environmental Materials Xuyi PR China

Carbon electrodes, renowned for their excellent moisture and air stability, present a compelling alternative to unstable hole transport materials and costly metal electrodes. In carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), organic materials play a crucial role in optimizing the surface characteristics and electrochemical performance of carbon electrodes, thereby enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. By incorporating organic material additives to modulate the pore structure and surface chemistry of carbon electrodes, the processes of photon absorption and electron transport can be effectively promoted, leading to an improvement in device performance. This article comprehensively reviews the latest research progress of organic C-PSCs, covering their device structures, working principles, as well as the modification methods, advantages, and application effects of organic materials in different layers of C-PSCs. Finally, the applications of in-situ characterization and first-principles calculations in this field are briefly introduced, providing theoretical and experimental support for in-depth research. Based on the above research and analysis, optimization strategies such as enhancing charge selectivity, improving the contact between the electrode and the perovskite layer, and enhancing the quality of the perovskite layer are proposed to drive the further development of organic C-PSCs.

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Atomic-scale investigation of H-trapping by fine NbC precipitates in a low C ferritic steel

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Scripta Materialia 2023年第1期234卷

作者： Samanta, Santigopal Gangavarapu, Shashidhar Jayabalan, Bhagyaraj Makineni, Surendra Kumar dutta, Monojit Singh, Shiv Brat R&D Division Tata Steel limited Jamshedpur831001 India Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Bengaluru560012 India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur721302 India

The origin of hydrogen trapping by the Nb-carbide precipitates in a ferritic steel was studied at the atomic scale with the help of HrTEM (high resolution transmission electron microscopy) and 3d-APT (atom probe tomography). A Nb-added ferritic steel was prepared in the laboratory and subjected to aging after solutionizing treatment to have fine Nb-carbide precipitates in ferrite matrix. The precipitation kinetics were simulated beforehand using TC-Prisma in Thermocalc software. A large number of nanometer-sized Nb-carbide precipitates were observed in the ferrite matrix using TEM. 3d-APT studies on the steel sample electrolytically charged with d (deuterium) showed that the d atoms are trapped more within the precipitates than at the precipitate-matrix interfaces. It has been argued that H atoms occupy the vacant lattice sites on carbon sub-lattice sites in non-stoichiometric NbC0.83. © 2023 Acta Materialia Inc.

关键词： High resolution transmission electron microscopy

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Synthesis and Up-Conversion Luminescence Properties of Er-doped Caf2 Nanoparticles

SSRN

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SSrN 2024年

作者： Tian, ran Yin, Zhi-Jiang Li, Hui Yang, Ji Wang, Wen-Yuan An, Yu-Qiang Wu, Li-Jun Yang, Ze-Yuan Yang, Xing Ge, Zhen-Hua R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd. Kunming650032 China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China

Calcium fluoride possesses a broad band gap, enabling it to exhibit up-conversion luminescence across an extensive variety of absorption spectra. The up-conversion luminescence performance is influenced by particle size, dispersion homogeneity, and the manufacturing method. This study successfully synthesizes CaF2 nanoparticles with a consistent microstructure using a hydrothermal technique by adjusting the reaction duration and temperature. The rare elements were evaluated to attain the up-conversion luminous performance for the CaF2 samples. The up-conversion luminous performance of CaF2 materials is examined using erbium doping. The findings indicate that the incorporation of the Er element into the CaF2 lattice leads in a reduction of the bandgap. The up-conversion luminescence performance of Er-doped samples is enhanced by Er doping in the CaF2 matrix, facilitating energy transfer. The Ca0.97Er0.03F2 sample has the maximum up-conversion spectrum intensity at a power density of 52.28 W/cm2, indicating significant potential applications in laser technology, display systems, optical storage, information security, biological imaging, and medical diagnosis and treatment. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Luminescence of inorganic solids

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Sign-tunable exchange bias effect in proton-intercalated Fe3GaTe2 nanoflakes

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Physical review B 2023年第14期107卷 L140409-L140409页

作者： Chunsheng Wang Jie Wang Wen-Qiang Xie Gaojie Zhang Hao Wu Jianhui Zhou Xiangde Zhu Wei Ning Guopeng Wang Cheng Tan Lan Wang Haifeng du Yu-Jun Zhao Haixing Chang Guolin Zheng Wen-Tong Geng Mingliang Tian School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Anhui University Hefei 230601 Anhui China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Hefei 230031 Anhui China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China Department of Physics South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China School of Science RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia Shenzhen R&D Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Shenzhen 518000 China

The exchange-bias (EB) effect, usually arising in ferromagnetic (FM)-antiferromagnetic (AFM) interfaces with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, holds high potentials in spintronic applications. Here, we report both field-cooling and zero-field cooling EB effects with a maximal EB field |HEB| reaches up to 3859 Oe in above-room-temperature van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 nanoflakes at low temperatures. The observed intrinsic EB effects can be largely tuned via the gate-induced proton intercalation. Moreover, we observe an unusual sign-tunable EB effect under different gate voltages after ±2T field cooling, leading to a crossover between positive and negative EB effects. Theoretical analysis based on density functional theory indicates that the magnetic coupling at the FM/AFM interface in proton-intercalated Fe3GaTe2 is highly controllable and can be tuned to be FMI-1 (↑/↓↑, positive EB) or FMI-2 (↓/↓↑, negative EB) magnetic configurations, depending on different H-absorption sites. Our experiments offer a knob to control the sign of EB effects and further open opportunities for more applicable spintronic devices in high-temperature vdW ferromagnets.

关键词： Exchange bias device fabrication density functional theory

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direct Observation of Void Nucleation and Growth in a 2-µm-Wide Cu redistribution Line during In Situ Electromigration

Direct Observation of Void Nucleation and Growth in a 2-µm-...

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International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP)

作者： Chien-Lung Liang Yung-Sheng Lin Min-Yan Tsai Meng-Chun Chiu Shan-Bo Wang Chih-Pin Hung Kwang-Lung Lin Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Corporate R&D Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE) Group Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9784991191176

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385908

In this study, we reported direct observation of void nucleation and growth in a fan-out 2-µm-wide Cu redistribution line (rdL) embedded in polyimide dielectric layers using in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations. The electromigration experiment was conducted with an extremely high current density of $1.14 \times 10^r\mathrm{A}/\text{cm}^r$ under an ambient condition. Current stressing induced the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of nanovoids on grain boundaries. Nano-scale delamination at the local Cu oxide/Cu rdL interface occurred. The electromigration-induced reliability challenge correlated with the void evolution in the Cu rdL was reported for the failure behavior and mechanism.

关键词： Electromigration Grain boundaries Scanning electron microscopy Failure analysis Polyimides Packaging dielectrics

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Journal of materials Science & technology 2021年第26期85卷 95-105页

作者： Nana Kwabena Adomako Giseung Shin Nokeun Park Kyoungtae Park Jeoung Han Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hanbat National UniversityYuseong-guDaejeon34158Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityGeumjeong-guBusan46241Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Yeungnam University280 Daehak-roGyeongbuk38541Republic of Korea Rare Metal R&D Group Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon21999Republic of Korea

High entropy alloys(HEAs)have superior mechanical properties that have enabled them to be used as structural materials in nuclear and aerospace *** a dissimilar joint design is required for these applications,we created a dissimilar joint between CoCrFeMnNi-HEA and duplex stainless steel(dSS)through laser beam welding;a technique capable of producing a sound joint between the two *** structure examination using SEM/EBSd/Xrd analysis revealed that the weld metal(WM)exhibits an FCC phase regardless of the postweld heat treatment(PWHT)temperature(800 and 1000℃)without forming detrimental intermetallic compounds or *** heat-affected zone of the CoCrFeMnNi-HEA showed CrMn oxide inclusions while that of the dSS showed no ***,a lower hardness was recorded by the WM compared to the base metal after *** PWHT,the hardness of the WM,CoCrFeMnNi-HEA,and dSS decreased with an increase in the PWHT ***,the decrease in the hardness of the HEA was more significant than in the WM and *** cause for this reduction in hardness was attributed to recrystallization and grain *** addition,a strength of 584 MPa with low ductility was recorded after *** obtained strength was lower than that of the BMs,but comparable to that of the welded *** application of PWHT resulted in over a 20%increment in ductility,with only a marginal reduction in *** defo rmation mechanism in the as-weld joint was mainly dominated by dislocation while that for the PWHT joint was *** propose laser beam offset welding as a technique to improve the mechanical properties of the dissimilar joint,which will be the subject of future studies.

关键词： High entropy alloys Welding duplex stainless steel Post-weld heat treatment

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Efficient predictive simulation of tool wear in face milling using an advanced 3d numerical approach

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Wear 2025年 570卷

作者： Methon, Grégory Courbon, Cédric Auzenat, François M'Saoubi, rachid Girinon, Mathieu rech, Joël Ecole Centrale de Lyon CNRS ENTPE LTDS UMR5513 ENISE 42023 Saint Etienne France R&D Milling and Process Seco Tools AB 22 avenue de la prospective 18020 Bourges France R&D Material and Technology Development Seco Tools AB FagerstaSE-73782 Sweden Cetim 7 rue de la Presse Saint-Etienne42952 France

Being able to predict tool life and the optimal cutting conditions for any combination of cutting tool system and workmaterial is clearly an up-to-date research issue. This work presents an innovative strategy for predicting efficiently tool wear in face milling operations. The primary objective is to develop a methodology capable of handling complex 3d geometries and tool paths within an industrially acceptable computing time. The approach involves a new 3d multi-scale numerical method based on discretizing the tool cutting edge into 2d elementary sections. A 2d Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite element cutting model is employed to compute local contact pressure, sliding velocity, and heat flux along each section in parallel. An elementary wear equation is applied to calculate the local wear rate after a given time increment, simulating all 2d worn profiles. These profiles are then merged to generate the updated 3d geometry of the worn tool. An iterative procedure is conducted to simulate the evolution of the cutting tool geometry over an extended cutting period. By achieving a good agreement with experimental results in a reasonable computation time, this strategy demonstrates significant potential for optimizing tool life and performance in milling operations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Solar evaporator coupled with strong/weak convection and its cascade utilization

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Science Bulletin 2025年第8期70卷 1264-1274页

作者： Zhengtong Li Jia-Han Zhang Jing Zhang Peng Yan Tao Yang Chao Yang Peng Lin Taotao Meng Meng An Yingtang Zhou Xingtao Xu The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Electronic-Photonic Smart Sensing Device R&D Team Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Intelligent Communication and Sensing and Signal ProcessingSchool of Electronic Information EngineeringInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Ningbo Key Laboratory of Green Petrochemical Carbon Emission Reduction Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin UniversityNingbo 315201China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo113-8656Japan Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China College of Material Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Modulating the macro/nanoarchitecture of evaporators to effectively harness diverse renewable energy sources is of paramount importance for optimizing the performance of solar-driven interfacial *** by the geometric structure of a windmill,we designed an innovative solar evaporator that expertly harnesses both strong and weak *** the purification of heavy metal wastewater,the maximum evaporation rate can reach 4.95 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under one sun irradiation by introducing an ultralow wind flow(0.1 m s^(−1)),yielding an evaporation rate that is twice that of traditional ***,the gradual deposition of inorganic salt sediments on the evaporator surface is clearly *** address this issue,we present several innovative proof-of-concept cascade treatments that significantly extend the evaporator’s operational *** innovative design and exceptional performance of this solar evaporator open avenues for advancements in sustainable water treatment,energy generation,and environmental remediation.

关键词： Interfacial evaporation Petiole-based solar evaporators Secondary flow Cascade utilization Wastewater treatment

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High-resolution coupling of stratigraphic'sweet-spot'lithofacies and petrophysical properties:A multiscale study of Ordovician Goldwyer Formation,Western Australia

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1312-1326页

作者： Yu-jie Yuan reza rezaee Jian-Wei Gu Song-Tao Wu Emad A.Al-Khdheeawi Jun Wang Bin Pan School of Earth Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan650500China Western Australian School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong266580China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCBeijing100083China National Energy of Tight Oil and Gas R&D Center Bejing100083China Petroleum Technology Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdad10066Iraq School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingNo.30Xueyuan RoadBeijing10083China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China

The identification of stratigraphic'sweet-spot'interval is significant in oil and gas formation ***,formation evaluation in macroscopic-scale merely provides low resolution and limited infor-mation,thus may lead to uncertainties in resource *** accurately identify the'sweet-spot'intervals amongst heterogeneous lithofacies,we conducted a very high-resolution and quantitative analysis from in-situ macroscopic scale to laboratory microscopic scale on the Goldwyer formation of Canning Basin,Western *** comprehensive advanced well logging and slim-compact micro imager(SCMI)technologies were synthetically applied in couple with the laboratory nanoscaled *** results unveiled an extraordinarily large lithofacies heterogeneity between different rock intervals,with distinguished features shown in Goldwyer Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ *** most favorable lithofacies is recognized as the laminated argillaceous thermally-matured organic matter(OM)-rich mudstone,which is widely developed in Goldwyer Ⅲ as the major attributor to'sweet-spot'*** Ⅱ is exclusively characterized by thick mudstone intervals(94.4%),interbedded with thin calcareous mudstones(5.5%),corresponding to a depositional environment of low-energy distal section of the outer ramp ***,the most favorable lithofacies in'sweet-spot'intervals develop numerous OM-/mineral nanopores for hydrocarbon ***-rich lithofacies develops abundant inter-particle pores from 2 to 17 nm that mainly contribute to pore volume for free gas storage ***-rich lithofacies with higher maturity have OM-pores with good connectivity,bearing large specific surface area that is beneficial for adsorbed gas capacity.

关键词： Shale Nanopore structure Pore characterization Lithofacies

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Solvent-Free Thermoresponsive Nanosponges: Efficient Antigen delivery Carriers and Adjuvants for in Vivo Vaccination

SSRN

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SSrN 2024年

作者： Lee, Jin Sil Park, Se Young Oh, Hyeryeon Lee, Young-ran Choi, Won Il Bio-Convergence Materials R&D Division Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology 202 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro Osong-eup Heung deok-gu Chungbuk Cheongju28160 Korea Republic of

Background: Vaccination is an effective disease prevention strategy involving immune cell stimulation and formation in response to foreign substances. However, the poor immunogenicity and deliverability of certain antigens necessitate novel methods to enable the establishment of continuous immunity. Therefore, for efficient antigen delivering and simultaneously performing as a nanoadjuvant, herein, we prepared core (polylactic acid)-shell (poloxamer) thermoresponsive nanosponges (TNSs).Methods: We prepared the thermoresponsive nanosponges (TNSs) with core-to-shell ratios of 1:2 and 1:20 by simple nanoprecipitation. Thereafter, antigens (ovalbumin, OVA) were loaded into TNSs by swelling ***: The TNSs were prepared with different size by using differing core-to-shell ratios: TNS1:2 (160 nm) and TNS1:20 (67 nm). When loaded with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), TNS1:2 (289 nm) showed a seven-fold higher IL-2 secretion response cross-presentation ability than TNS1:20 (74 nm) and was used in subsequent experiments. TNS1:2 promoted dendritic cell maturation and exhibited high OVA encapsulation (optimal loading: 50 wt%), sufficient long-term stability, and controlled OVA release under physiological conditions. It was not toxic to dendritic cells even at high concentrations. Compared to free OVA, 50 wt% OVA loaded TNS1:2 exhibited better cellular uptake and a superior ability to elicit immune cell IL-2 secretion. The OVA antigen-specific activation of immune cells in mice was examined by monitoring serum IgG levels, cross-presentation to splenocyte Cd8+ T-cells, and IFN-γ cytokine ***: The results highlight TNSs as promising nanoadjuvants and carriers for antigen delivery in vaccine applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antigens

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