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arXiv 2025年

作者： Klein, Clay Jenkins, Nicholas W. Shao, Yunzhe Li, Yunhao Park, Seungbeom Kim, Wookrae Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Department of Physics JILA & STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center University of Colorado & NIST BoulderCO United States Core Technology R&D Team Mechatronics Research Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Hwasung Korea Republic of Advanced Process Development Team 4 Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Hwasung Korea Republic of KMLabs Inc. 4775 Walnut Street #102 BoulderCO80301 United States

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterometry is an increasingly important metrology that can measure critical parameters of periodic nanostructured materials in a fast, accurate, and repeatable manner and with high sensitivity to nanoscale structure and material composition. Because of this, EUV scatterometry could support manufacturing of semiconductor devices or polymer metamaterials, addressing the limitations of traditional imaging methods such as resolution and field of view, sample damage, throughput, or low sensitivity. Here we use EUV scatterometry to measure the profile of an industrially relevant 2d periodic interconnect structure, using λ = 29 nm light from a table-top high harmonic generation source. We show that EUV scatterometry is sensitive to out-of-plane features with single-nanometer sensitivity. Furthermore, we also apply a methodology based on the Fisher information matrix to optimize experimental design parameters, such as incidence angles and wavelength, to show how measurement sensitivity can be maximized. This methodology reveals the strong dependence of measurement sensitivity on both incidence angle and wavelength — even in a simple two-parameter case. Through a simultaneous optimization of incidence angles and wavelength, we determine that the most sensitive measurement of the quantities of interest can be made at a wavelength of ∼14 nm. In the future, by reducing sample contamination due to sample preparation, deep sub-nanometer sensitivity to axial profiles and 2d structures will be possible. Our results are an important step in guiding EUV scatterometry towards increased accuracy and throughput with a priori computations and by leveraging new experimental capabilities. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Fisher information matrix

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Performance evaluation of the natural gas combined cycle with various hydrogen co-firing rates

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Energy Conversion and Management 2025年 341卷

作者： Hyeonrok Choi Youngjae Lee Won Yang Changkook ryu Seong-il Kim Low-Carbon Emission Control R&D Department Research Institute of Sustainable Development Technology Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Cheonan 31056 Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea Green Process and Energy System Engineering University of Science and Technology Cheonan Chungnam Republic of Korea

Hydrogen is a promising carbon-free fuel for reducing CO 2 emissions in power generation and is increasingly being integrated into gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) systems. This study evaluates the thermal performance of a 600-MWe-class GTCC plant under hydrogen co-firing by analyzing two idealized operational scenarios—fixed turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and fixed gas turbine (GT) output—and additionally proposes a load-following strategy that maintains constant total GTCC output. A process simulation model was used to assess the impact of hydrogen blending on GT performance, flue gas composition, and the bottoming cycle—including the heat recovery steam generator (HrSG) and steam turbine (ST)—under three ambient conditions. Hydrogen co-firing introduced a performance trade-off: GT efficiency improved due to favorable combustion properties, while ST output decreased owing to degraded HrSG heat transfer. Under the fixed TIT scenario, GT efficiency increased with minor reductions in ST output. In contrast, under fixed GT output, TIT and turbine exit temperature (TET) declined, significantly reducing steam temperature and ST output, especially at high hydrogen blending ratios. The greatest performance degradation occurred under the lowest TIT condition. To address this trade-off, an additional scenario was developed by regulating TIT to adjust the GT/ST power split and maintain constant GTCC output. This approach resulted in thermal efficiency gains of up to 0.72 percentage points. The proposed model incorporates radiative and convective heat transfer mechanisms and captures the key thermophysical effects of hydrogen-rich combustion gas, offering practical insights for stable and efficient GTCC operation under hydrogen co-firing conditions.

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Correction: Surface Polarity dependent Photo-response of GaN MSM Ultraviolet (UV) Sensors

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Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials 2024年第6期25卷 860-860页

作者： Shin, Seung Heon Kim, dong-Seok Woo, Jong-Chang Lee, Heon Bok Hahm, Sung-Ho Kim, do-Kywn Department of Semiconductor Process Equipment Korea Polytechnics Anseong-si Republic of Korea Korea Multi-Purpose Accelerator Complex Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Gyeongju-si Republic of Korea Process Development Samsung Electronics co. Semiconductor R&D Center Suwon Republic of Korea School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea Department of Semiconductor Materials and Applications Seongnam-si Republic of Korea

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Evaluation of Biological Mechanisms of Quanduzhong Capsule for Treating Osteoporosis by Integrating Untargeted Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology

Pharmaceutical Fronts

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Pharmaceutical Fronts 2023年第3期5卷 E197-E208页

作者： Yu, Fang-Fang Huang, Le-Yi Li, Man-Man Cui, Shi-Wen Yuan, Jie Li, Xiao-Feng Wu, Tong State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co. Ltd. Shanghai China National Advanced Medical Engineering Research Center China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co. Ltd. Shanghai China Research and Development (R&D) Department Jiangxi Puzheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Jian China Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co. Ltd. 285 Gebaini Road Shanghai 201203 China

Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic disease characterized by bone formation and resorption disturbances. Quanduzhong Capsule (QdZC) is a common treatment for OP in China;however, the effective components and metabolites of the drug after oral administration remain largely unknown. This study aims to identify the active components, analyze the metabolite changes, and investigate the underlying mechanism against OP. In the study, ovariectomy-induced rat OP model was established, then treated with QdZC. Alendronate sodium tablets (ASTs) were used as a reference drug. The chemical constituents of QdZC were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and network pharmacology. The metabolomics was used to analyze differences in serum metabolites of rats in different groups [Sham, Model, Model + QdZC, and Model + AST] at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Body weight and bone mineral density (BMd) were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum levels of Akt, p-Akt, ErK, and p-ErK. Our data suggested 86 different chemicals from QdZC, including nine core compounds. QdZC significantly regulated 25 biomarkers linked to arachidonic acid metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and promoted serum expression of Akt, p-Akt, ErK, and p-ErK. QdZC might act by activating PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, QdZC may use arachidonic acid derivatives to inhibit osteoclast generation and bone resorption and enhance calcitriol formation to improve calcium absorption and increase bone mass. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： metabolomics network pharmacology osteoporosis Quanduzhong Capsule UPLC-QTOF-MS

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Biowaste to Biochar: A Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Production from Food-Waste digestate and its Agricultural Field Application

SSRN

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SSrN 2023年

作者： Gamaralalage, disni rodgers, Sarah Gill, Andy Meredith, William Bott, Tom West, Helen Alces, Jessica Snape, Colin McKechnie, Jon Sustainable Process Technologies Research Group Faculty of Engineering The University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom R&D manager CPL Industries Energy Technology Building Jubilee Campus The University of Nottingham NottinghamNG7 2TU United Kingdom Chemical and Environmental Engineering Jubilee Campus The University of Nottingham NottinghamNG8 1BB United Kingdom School of Biosciences Sutton Bonington Campus The University of Nottingham LeicestershireLE12 5RD United Kingdom Strategy & Development Severn Trent Green Power The Stables Radford Chipping NortonOX7 4EB United Kingdom

Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments, contributing to meet UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation with post carbonisation at higher temperatures. While digestates are challenging to valorise, owing to high moisture contents, these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications. The study scope includes food-waste digestate supply, stable biochar production, agricultural field application including co-benefits, and transportation activities. Minimising digestate transport through co-location of biochar production with anaerobic digestion demonstrated greenhouse gas mitigation costs of © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Greenhouse gases

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A two-dimensional population balance model for predicting the attrition of elongated particles during agitated drying

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Powder Technology 2025年 464卷

作者： riccardo Togni Eric M. Saurer William Hicks Pari rao Lady Mae Alabanza Peter Clements Andrew diPietro Lotfi derdour Joshua Engstrom Clara Hartmanshenn Saivenkataraman Jayaraman Owen Jones-Salkey david J. Lamberto Jason Mustakis Gqwetha Ncube Christoph Kloss DCS Computing GmbH Industriezeile 35 4020 Linz Austria Bristol Myers Squibb Co. Product Development 1 Squibb Drive New Brunswick NJ 08903 USA AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Development Charter Way Silk Road Business Park Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK Genentech Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry 1 DNA Way South San Francisco California 94080 USA GSK Drug Substance Development Gunnels Wood Rd SG1 2NY Stevenage UK GSK Drug Substance Development 1250 S Collegeville Rd Collegeville PA 19426 USA Merck & Co. Inc. Process Research and Development Rahway NJ 07065 USA Pfizer Worldwide R&D Groton CT 06340 USA

This work, conducted in collaboration with the Enabling Technologies Consortium (ETC), presents a novel two-dimensional population balance equation (2d-PBE) model for predicting the attrition of high aspect-ratio crystals during the scale-up of agitated drying. The attrition rate, which is assumed to be proportional to the torque measured at the impeller's shaft, is modulated by two hyperbolic functions accounting for the particle's aspect-ratio and residual solvent content. The 2d-PBE model depends on six parameters, namely the shear coefficient α , the solvent breaking coefficient β s , the critical solvent concentration c t , the aspect-ratio breaking coefficient β Ar , the critical aspect-ratio Ar t , and the constant ratio γ . These model parameters are calibrated for a L-Threonine/ethanol mixture using ring shear-cell and lab-scale agitation experiments. The lab-scale agitator is equipped with a top weight to compress the powder sample, allowing to reproduce the hydrostatic pressures experienced at larger-scales. The calibration reveals that five parameters ( β s , c t , β Ar , Ar t and γ ) depend only on the processed material; hence, they can be successfully calibrated using standard lab-scale measurements (e.g., shear-cell experiments). The shear coefficient α , on the other hand, depends also on the equipment type, which means it had to be calibrated for both ring shear-cell and lab-scale agitator separately. It is shown that the model calibrated for the lab-scale agitator can satisfactorily predict the change in length distribution of both dry and wet L-Threonine for different hydrostatic pressures.

关键词： Hyperbolic functions

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Correction: Composition control of conformal crystalline GeSbTe films by atomic layer deposition supercycles and tellurization annealing

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Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2022年第32期10卷 11811-11811页

作者： Yewon Kim Kwonyoung Kim Okhyeon Kim Chang Yup Park dong Geon Koo dong-Ho Ahn Bong Jin Kuh Won-Jun Lee Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea Process Development Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. 1 Samsungjeonja-ro Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do 18448 Republic of Korea

Correction for ‘Composition control of conformal crystalline GeSbTe films by atomic layer deposition supercycles and tellurization annealing’ by Yewon Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 9691–9698, dOI: https:...

Correction for ‘Composition control of conformal crystalline GeSbTe films by atomic layer deposition supercycles and tellurization annealing’ by Yewon Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, rong>10rong>, 9691–9698, dOI: https://***/10.1039/d2TC00784C.

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Undoped Strained Ge Quantum Well with Ultrahigh Mobility Grown by reduce Pressure Chemical Vapor deposition

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kong, Zhenzhen Li, Zonghu Cao, Gang Su, Jiale Zhang, Yiwen Liu, Jinbiao Liu, Jingxiong ren, Yuhui Wei, Laiming Guo, Guoping Wu, Yuanyuan radamson, Henry H. Li, Junfeng Wu, Zhenhua Li, Haiou Yang, Jiecheng Zhao, Chao Wang, Guilei Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100029 China School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Hefei University Hefei230601 China Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited Hefei230026 China Research and Development Center of Optoelectronic Hybrid IC Guangdong Greater Bay Area Institute of Integrated Circuit and System Guangzhou510535 China Beijing Superstring Academy of Memory Technology 100176 China

We fabricate an undoped Ge quantum well under a 30 nm relaxed Ge0.8Si0.2 shallow barrier. The bottom barrier contains Ge0.8Si0.2 (650 ℃) followed by Ge0.9Si0.1 (800 ℃) such that variation of Ge content forms a sharp interface that can suppress the threading dislocation density (Tdd) penetrating into the undoped Ge quantum well. The Ge0.8Si0.2 barrier introduces enough in-plane parallel strain (Ε strain -0.41%) in the Ge quantum well. The heterostructure field-effect transistors with a shallow buried channel obtain an ultrahigh two-dimensional hole gas (2dHG) mobility over 2×106 cm2/Vs and a very low percolation of 5.625 × 1010cm−2. A tunable fractional quantum Hall effect at high densities and high magnetic fields has also been observed. This approach defines strained germanium as providing the material basis for tuning the spin-orbit coupling strength for fast and coherent quantum *** Codes 81-05, 81V70 © 2022, CC BY-NC-Nd.

关键词： Germanium

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Some Items of Interest to process r&d Chemists and Engineers

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Organic process research & development 2021年第7期25卷 1460-1470页

作者： Paul F. richardson Alan Steven robert B. Kargbo Carlos Mateos Andrei A. Zlota Christopher B. Kelly Wenyi Zhao Christopher C. Nawrat Kiran Matcha John Knight Pfizer Chemistry 10578 Science Center Drive San Diego California 09121 United States CatSci Ltd CBTC2 Capital Business Park Wentloog Cardiff CF3 2PX U.K. Usona Institute 277 Granada Drive San Luis Obispo California 93401 United States Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies Eli Lilly and Company Avenida de la Industria 30 28108 Alcobendas Spain The Zlota Company LLC 15 Fairbanks Road Sharon Massachusetts 02067-2858 United States Janssen Research & Development 1400 McKean Road Spring House Pennsylvania 19477 United States Jacobus Pharmaceutical Co. Inc. Princeton New Jersey 08540 United States Merck & Co. Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 United States API Small Molecule Process R&D Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium JKonsult Ltd Meadow View Cross Keys Hereford HR1 3NT U.K.

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Investigation of the unloading yield effect in 7075 Al alloys based on microstructural and digital image correlation analysis

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Materials Characterization 2021年 173卷 110963-110963页

作者： Choi, Howook Kim, Hwangsun Jeong, Hye-Jin Shin, Eunjoo Woo, Wanchuck Hong, Sung-Tae Lee, Myoung-Gyu Han, Heung Nam Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Memory Process Development Team Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics 1 Samsungjeonja-ro Hwaseong-si Gyeonggi-do18448 Korea Republic of Neutron Science Centre Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute PO Box 105 Yuseong-gu Daejeon305-600 Korea Republic of Departments of Mechanical engineering University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro Nam-gu Ulsan Korea Republic of

The unloading yield effect (UYE), which indicates that the reloading flow stress overshoots the monotonically loaded flow stress during uniaxial tensile test, was investigated by evaluating three aluminum alloy 7075 sheets with different precipitate states: solution heat-treated (SHT), aged for 20 min (A20, underaged), aged for 80 min (A80, peak aged) and aged for 240 min (A240, overaged). The precipitate states of A20 and A240 specimens were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) analyses. The UYE was exhibited only in artificially aged specimens, but not in the SHT specimen. It was confirmed that the root cause of UYE is the interaction between the precipitate and dislocation during unloading. In addition, it was observed that strain instability is inevitably generated during stress overshoot owing to temporal geometric softening. The temporal strain instability diffused to the neighboring region in the case of A20 specimen, but that of A240 specimen directly influenced the premature localized necking or failure, resulting in a significant reduction in elongation. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Image correlation

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