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作者： Viviani, Fulvio Leone, Federico Seki, Hidetoshi Ishii, Masami Backend Manufactoring and Technology R&D STMicroelectronics Agrate Brianza Italy Information & Telecommunication Materials Research Laboratory Sumitomo Bakelite Japan

Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC) bleed consists of a transparent layer of resin which mainly could occur during molding injection at material packing stage. resin bleeds on exposed pad of a Surface Mount device (SMd) can significantly impact the solderability performances of the package, causing failure of the product. de-flashing process after molding is generally performed to eliminate the resin bleed. However, de-flashing can be performed on post-plated leadframes without critical drawback, while it is not recommended on pre-plated leadframes due to the high risk of damaging the finishing surface. In this study, an alternative approach aimed to reduce or eliminate molding compound bleed by optimizing the inorganic part of the molding compound formulation is presented. Besides the quality improvement, the presented approach provides an economical advantage since, by tuning the properties of the filler inside the EMC, it is possible to eliminate the de-flashing process from the assembly flow of a package and consequently reduce the manufacturing cost. © 2023 IMAPS-International Microelectronics and Packaging Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： resins

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Modeling and Analysis of Virgin Ge-rich GST Embedded Phase Change Memories

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON ELECTrON dEVICES 2023年第3期70卷 1055-1060页

作者： Baldo, M. Melnic, O. Scudieri, M. Nicotra, G. Borghi, M. Petroni, E. Motta, A. Zuliani, P. Laurin, L. redaelli, A. Ielmini, d. Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn I-20133 Milan Italy IUNET I-20133 Milan Italy CNR IMM I-95121 Catania Italy STMicroelectronics Technol R&D I-20864 Agrate Brianza Italy

Germanium-rich alloys of Ge2Sb2Te5 have been developed to improve the reliability and performance of embedded phase change memory (PCM). Fast program operation, integration in the back end of the line (BEOL), and stability under high-temperature profiles make PCM with Ge-rich GST one of the prominent technologies for the embedded memory market. The Ge-rich alloy composition requires an initialization pulse, called forming, to uniformize the electrical characteristic of the cells from the virgin state at the end of production. This work will analyze the key features of virgin state Ge-rich GST PCM devices. Electron microscopy images and temperature-dependent electrical resistance data are reported. A modeling framework, based on the energy landscape theory, is presented to reproduce the electrical behavior as a function of temperature on the basis of the observed Ge-rich GST microstructure. The impact of the BEOL process on the poly-crystalline virgin state is assessed and the model is extended accordingly. The new model provides a valuable simulation tool for material-and physics-based simulation of PCM based on Ge-rich GST for memory, computing, and hardware security.

关键词： Phase change materials resistance Germanium Temperature measurement Chalcogenides Temperature distribution Computational modeling Embedded memory Ge-rich GST landscape modeling phase change memory (PCM) pristine state virgin

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Algorithm-Aware digital design for Analog-on-Top Chips: An ASK demodulator Comparative Study

Algorithm-Aware Digital Design for Analog-on-Top Chips: An A...

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IEEE SENSOrS

作者： Felice Tecce Matteo Abate Francesco del Prete Giovanni Amedeo Cirillo Claudio Parrella Marco Castellano STMicroelectronics AMS R&D Arzano NA Italy STMicroelectronics AMS R&D Cornaredo MI Italy

design of application-specific digital Signal Processing elements is related to the implementation of an algorithm, initially implemented in software. The time-to-design can be extremely long, especially when design space exploration must be done and hardware description must be written from scratch. different tools are nowadays available to generate a register Transfer Level (rTL) circuit and corresponding testbenches from software, even with routines for design space exploration. These tools are based on High-Level Synthesis (HLS) and High-Language Hardware description (HLH) paradigms. This work compares the rTLs for an integrated digital Amplitude Shift Keying demodulator, employable either for the recognition of messages detected by transducers or in sensors networks. SystemVerilog, Catapult HLS from Siemens EdA and SpinalHdL were considered for canonical hardware description, HLS and HLH respectively. Synthesis results with three stmicroelectronics technologies prove that the rTLs automatically generated by SpinalHdL and Catapult provide area results comparable with those obtained with from-scratch design in SystemVerilog and can also achieve better performance in terms of dynamic power.

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deep Learning Car driver Motion Magnified Saccadic Eye Movements for Advanced driving Assistance System

Deep Learning Car Driver Motion Magnified Saccadic Eye Movem...

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) / IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (IEEE WCCI) / International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) / IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE CEC)

作者： rundo, Francesco Messina, Angelo Calabretta, Michele dilonardo, Matteo Coffa, Salvatore Spampinato, Concetto STMicroelectronics ADG R&D Power & Discretes Catania Italy STMicroelectronics IPF Div Catania Italy Univ Catania PerCe Lab DIEEI Catania Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781728186719

ISBN: (纸本)9781728186719

Automotive industry is making rapid progress in the development of next generation cars with higher levels of autonomy and intelligent assistance. Although the general advanced driver assistance system (AdAS) architecture is widely discussed, limited interaction between driver and these intelligent solutions sometimes make these approaches inefficient. For these reasons, the authors triggered an investigation about driver's feedback in relation to the assistance inputs provided by the AdAS technologies. In this context, the goal of this proposal is the design of an intelligent system that learns from the analysis of the car driver eyes saccadic movements, the correlated level of attention towards the salient driving scene. With this approach, we enabled a visual-feedback system which learns the driver eye's fixing dynamic associated to the analyzed driving scene. Through ad-hoc enhanced motion magnification technique, the authors were able to amplify the mentioned saccadic dynamics in order to allow a downstream deep classifier to associate this physiological behavior with the corresponding level of the driver attention. The collected performances (over 97%) confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： deep Learning Motion Magnification AdAS driver eye saccadic movements

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A Two-Stage CMOS Amplifier Performing High degree of Stability for All Capacitive Load

A Two-Stage CMOS Amplifier Performing High Degree of Stabili...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Alessandro Bertolini Germano Nicollini AMS R&D Design Department STMicroelectronics Milan Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350330991

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331004

This paper presents the conception, design and realization of a fully-differential two-stage CMOS amplifier that is unconditionally stable for any value of the capacitive load. This is simply achieved by sending a scaled replica of the output stage current to the amplifier virtual ground such as to create a Left Half-Plane (LHP) zero in the loop-gain that either cancels or tracks the output pole in all process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) conditions. Consequently, from a stability point of view the amplifier behavior resembles that of a single-pole OTA. Starting from an existing two-stage gain-programmable amplifier, designed in a 0.18μm Bipolar-CMOS-dMOS (BCd) process, that was able to drive only 10pF without incurring into stability issues, a simple circuit has been added to extend the stability to any capacitive load value. Measurements, given with loads ranging from 0pF to 100nF, show high degree of stability in any load conditions. In the used 0.18μm BCd technology, silicon area and current consumption of the extra circuit are only 0.0004mm 2 and 2μA, respectively, with a 5 V power supply.

关键词： Tracking loops Power supplies Stability analysis Silicon Circuit stability Land surface temperature Thermal stability

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Innovative solutions to make driving safer, greener and more connected 7

Innovative solutions to make driving safer, greener and more...

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IEEE International Symposium on Measurements and Networking (M and N)

作者： Cascino, Salvatore Saggio, Mario Imbruglia, Antonio Scrimizzi, Filippo Pulvirenti, Mario Tumminia, Alessandro Sicurella, Gaetano Magagnini, Vincenzo Alessandro Paparo, Mario STMicroelectronics QMT Power & Discrete Technol R&D Str Primosole 50 I-95121 Catania Italy STMicroelectronics LGI LV & STi2 GaN Solut R&D & Innovat Str Primosole 50 I-95121 Catania Italy STMicroelectronics APMS Low Voltage Integrated Power LVIP Div Str Primosole 50 I-95121 Catania Italy Fdn Samothrace Sicilian MicronanoTech Res & Innov Innovat Ecosyst ECS00000022 Via Santa Sofia 97 I-95123 Catania Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370546;9798350370539

The automotive industry is experiencing significant changes. The evolving world is creating new challenges and opportunities for power electronics. There is a strong need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the consumption of fossil fuels. To achieve this, electric mobility and safety must be improved through the introduction of electronics and solutions that enable a wide range of new services. Thanks to the introduction of new Wide Bandgap (WBG) materials, such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), along with intelligent design on Silicon (Si), technology is fulfilling the promise of more sustainable mobility and safer driving experiences. This paper will address some of the activities from the first year of the SAMOTHrACE PNrr-funded innovation project for the smart mobility thematic area, with a focus on the innovations enabled by SiC, GaN, and Si technologies.

关键词： SiC GaN Si Lidar Flyback converter E-Fuse Power Module Smart Mobility Power Electronics

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Frequency dependant Gate Oxide TddB Model

Frequency Dependant Gate Oxide TDDB Model

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IEEE International reliability Physics Symposium (IrPS)

作者： Arabi, M. Federspiel, X. Cacho, F. rafik, M. Blonkowski, S. Garros, X. Guibaudo, G. STMicroelectronics Technol R&D Geneva Switzerland CEA Grenoble France Univ Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9781665479509

In this work, a new model of the time-dependent dielectric breakdown is proposed as a function of frequency. This is an analytical model based on an experimental observations of gate oxide breakdown at high frequencies on 28nm FdSOI technology in NMOS. This model considers two significant conditions: at first, the defect generation rate in the gate oxide is not constant over time, secondly, the recovery time is negligible. Following the experimental evidences, we found it possible to model four important characteristics of AC breakdown: frequency dependence, voltage acceleration factor (VAF), activation energy Ea, and the change of Weibull slope from dC to AC.

关键词： Analytical models Breakdown voltage Time-frequency analysis Frequency dependence Silicon-on-insulator Logic gates reliability

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Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Influence of a Frictionless Contact in a simulated Ball-on-ring System 26

Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Influence of a Fri...

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26th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems, EuroSimE 2025

作者： Vinciguerra, Vincenzo Malgioglio, Giuseppe Luigi Landi, Antonio renna, Marco Quality Manufacturing and Technology (QMT) Power & Discrete Technologies R&D Department STMicroelectronics Stradale Primosole 50 Catania 95121 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350393002

Among the various interactions of individual components that can lead to localized stresses, it is crucial to consider the mechanical stress induced by contacts within the package. A ball-on-ring (Bor) setup serves as a valuable use-case for investigating the properties of a die subjected to specific mechanical stress. In this work, we examined the case of a steel ball impinging on a silicon and 4H-SiC die. We developed a model of a Bor system with frictionless contacts, conducted simulations, and compared the results with Hertz’s theory. The strong agreement between the simulations and theoretical predictions provides an excellent foundation for further exploration of more complex systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： 4H-SiC Ball-on-ring Finite Element Analysis Frictionless contacts Hertz’ theory

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Implementation and Comparison of SiC and GaN switches for EV Fast recharging Systems

Implementation and Comparison of SiC and GaN switches for EV...

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2023 IEEE Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering, EEE-AM 2023

作者： Scire, daniele Garraffa, Giovanni Lullo, Giuseppe Vitale, Gianpaolo Cusumano, Pasquale Calabretta, Michele Alberto Messina, Angelo Costantino, Giuseppe Busacca, Alessandro Sferlazza, Antonino University of Palermo Department of Engineering Palermo Italy University of Enna Kore Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Enna Italy National Research Council of Italy Institute for High Performance Computer and Networking Palermo Italy STMicroelectronics Adg Power and Discretes R&d Division Catania Italy STMicroelectronics R&d and Public Affairs Catania Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381061

Wide bandgap material-based devices allow faster switching frequency and exhibit smaller losses than traditional Si devices;nevertheless, a complete understanding of the functioning of these new devices remains poorly understood. A fast battery charger for electric vehicles based on a converter employing SiC and GaN devices is here reported Besides, these two technologies are experimentally compared, in the same layout, to highlights their performance in terms of electrical dynamic and electromagnetic compatibility. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Photoplethysmographic biometrics: A comprehensive survey

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PATTErN rECOGNITION LETTErS 2022年 156卷 119-125页

作者： Labati, ruggero donida Piuri, Vincenzo rundo, Francesco Scotti, Fabio Univ Milan Dept Comp Sci Via Celoria 18 I-20133 Milan MI Italy STMicroelectronics ADG Cent R&D I-95121 Catania CT Italy

The wide diffusion of wearable sensors and mobile devices encouraged the study of biometric recognition techniques that require a low level of cooperation from users. Among them, the analysis of cardiac information extracted from plethysmographic (PPG) signals is attracting the research community due to the possibility of performing continuous authentications using low-cost devices that can acquire signals without any action required from the users. Although PPG-based biometric systems are relatively recent technologies, machine learning techniques and deep learning strategies have shown accuracy in heterogeneous application scenarios. This paper presents the first literature review of PPG-based biometric recognition approaches. First, we describe the application contexts suitable for PPG-based biometrics. Second, we analyze the systems in the literature, describe the acquisition sensors, and present a classification of the processing methods. Third, we summarize the available public datasets and the results achieved by recent state-of-the-art approaches. Finally, we analyze the open problems in this research field. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Biometrics Pletismography PPG Survey

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