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MAKING PIPING SYSTEMS FIrE-SAFE - SIMPLE SOLUTIONS FOr PrEVENTING A dISASTEr

NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1994年第3期106卷 285-295页

作者： BHASIN, V NILSEN, L GUPTA, K CONrOY, d Vinod Bhasin P.E.:is a fellow engineer with the Westinghouse Electric Corporation machinery technology division Pittsburgh Pa. He has more than 19 years of experience in the supervision design application and testing of valves and actuators and has taught courses in solids mechanics for 10 years at Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Il. Mr. Bhasin has written articles for the valve industry where he has been active in standards societies. He holds BS and MS degrees in mechanical engineering and an MS in industrial engineering. Mr. Bhasin is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). He is co-chairman of the shipbuilding piping component subcommittee ASTM F25.13 and is also chairing three other task groups under ASTM F25. Lloyd Nilsen P.E.:is the piping components branch head for NavSea. His career with NavSea includes 33 years of ship design construction and repair experience. He has held various positions in the power piping design division human factors manning and controls integration branch and submarine machinery systems branch. He has a BS degree in marine engineering from N.Y. State Maritime. Mr. Nilsen is also a member of the NavSea Association of Scientists and Engineers and a registered licensed professional engineer in Virginia and Washington D.C. Karan Gupta P.E.:is a senior engineer with the Westinghouse Electric Corporation Machinery Technology Division Pittsburgh Pa. Prior to joining Westinghouse he was employed by Elliott Company Jeannette Pa. for 12 years as a metallurgical engineer. He has more than 25 years experience in metallurgical engineering including material selection and brazing and welding of piping pressure vessels and turbines. Mr. Gupta has BS and MS degrees in metallurgical engineering. He is a member of the American Welding Society (AWS) and is active in AWS filler metal subcommittee A5A. He is also a member of ASM International. Dennis Conroy: is a chemical engineer

Loss of life and property losses totaling tens of billions of dollars have piping engineers scrambling to specify ''fire-safe'' components in fire-prone locations: on board ships, and in power plants, refineries, and other perilous applications. Fire-safe valves, the first line of defense in containing a fire, were introduced some 25 years ago, with fire-safe actuators following soon afterwards. Little attention has been given, however, to designing and selecting the other piping components such as flanges, gaskets, bolting, and fittings to ensure their integrity in a fire. Just like in an electric circuit where, if a single component in series fails, the flow of electricity stops;likewise, the failure of a single piping component could result in a fire of catastrophic proportions. This paper discusses the availability of critical fire-safe components for Navy shipboard piping systems and provides some simple solutions which, if implemented, could prevent such a disaster. discussion is provided on how a fire starts and how it reaches catastrophic proportions, the definitions of survivability and fire-safe components, materials of construction, component design, fire-safe valves and actuators, gaskets, pipe flanges, flange bolting, pipe fittings and unions, brazing and welding, insulation, composite piping materials, and other related subjects. details are also provided on 78 fires that have occurred on Navy surface ships in the last ten years and their causes.

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PErFOrMANCE OF A PrIOrITIZEd ON-BOArd BASEBANd SWITCH FOr A MULTISErVICE MULTIBEAM SATELLITE

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INTErNATIONAL JOUrNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 283-297页

作者： BOHM, S ELHAKEEM, AK HACHICHA, M Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montreal H3A 1M8 Canada Was born in Montreal Canada on 14 September 1966. He received the B. Eng. degree in electrical engineering from Concordia University Montreal Canada in 1989. He is at present completing the M.A.Sc. degree in electrical engineering at Concordia University. (S'75–S'79–M'79–SM'86) received the Ph.D. degree from Southern Methodist University Dallas TX in 1979. He spent the next two years working as a Visiting Professor in Egypt after which he moved to Ottawa Canada in 1982. He assumed teaching and research positions in Carleton and Manitoba Univerities and later moved to Concordia University Montreal Canada in 1983 where he is now a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. He has published numerous papers in IEEE and international journals in the areas of spread spectrum and networking. He is a well-known expert in these areas and serves as a consultant to many companies. His current research interests include wide-band metropolitan networks switching architectures and performance of on-board multibeam satellites acquisitionless CDMA networks code distribution and orthogonalization of CDMA signals responsive congestion control for ATM-based networks ARQ techniques and investigation of the novel SUGAR CDMA systems in fading channels. Dr. Elhakeem is a Senior Member of the Canadian Electrical Engineering Society and Armed Forces Association. He has chaired numerous technical sessions in IEEE Conferences was the Technical Program Chairman for IEEE Montech 1986 Montreal Canada. Dr. Elhakeem is the key guest editor of theIEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communicationsfor the May June issues 1993 covering CDMA networks. Advanced Technology & Networks VISTAR Telecommunications Inc. Ottawa Ontario K1G 3J4 Canada An Associate Director of Advanced Technology & Networks Group VISTAR Telecommunications Inc. Ottawa Canada. He is also an Adjunct Pr

In this paper, we study the performance of a prioritized on-board baseband switch in conjunction with a multibeam satellite handling integrated services. The services considered for the analysis include voice, video, file transfer and interactive data. The prioritized switch uses both input and output buffering, switch speed-up as well as a two-phase head-of-line resolution algorithm, in order to reduce the buffer loss while maintaining acceptable user delays. The minimum required buffer capacity and switch speed-up for each service in a prioritized environment are found under uniform traffic conditions. It is shown that under uniform traffic conditions, only minimal buffering and switch speed-up are needed even for the lowest priority users. The performance dependence on the switch size is also substantially reduced with head of line resolution and buffering even in a prioritized environment.

关键词： SWITCH ON-BOArd BASEBANd MULTIBEAM PrIOrITIZEd HEAd-OF-LINE UNIFOrM LOAd SPEEd-UP

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HIGH-ENErGY dENSITY LITHIUM rECHArGEABLE BATTErIES FOr UNdErWATEr VEHICLE PrOPULSION

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1993年第3期105卷 181-186页

作者： SMITH, PH CHUA, dL FLEISCHMANN, CW JAMES, Sd Patricia H. Smith:is leader of the Battery Research and Development Group in the Electrochemistry Branch of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division White Oak Detachment She has 12 years experience in exploring and extending electrochemical technology in order to bring safe high energy lithium batteries into widespread naval use. Dr. Smith manages the High Energy Battery Project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. A major thrust of this Project is developing power sources to propel naval underwater vehicles. Dr. Smith has authored numerous papers on lithium batteries and is presently editor-in-chief of the High Energy Battery Newsletter. She obtained her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1981. David L. Chua:is manager of lithium battery R&D at Alliant Techsystems Inc.-Power Sources Center (formerly Honeywell) Horsham Penn. He is responsible for the research and development of both primary and rechargeable lithium technologies. He earned his M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Arizona in 1969 and a Ph.D. in materials engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1973. Dr. Chua has over 15 years experience in lithium electrochemical research received 5 patents and authored numerous papers on lithium battery technology. Charles W. Fleischmann: principal chemist Advanced Technology & Research Corp. is consultant to the Battery R&D Group Electrochemistry Branch Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division White Oak Detachment. During the past 35 years as a scientist and technical manager mainly in the field of electrochemical energy conversion he has directed R&D departments at Exide Corp. Honeywell Corp. C&D Batteries (Allied Corp.) and was on the technical staffs of Mallory Battery Co. NL Industries Leesona Moos Labs and Lowry Air Force Base Technical Training Center. Schooled in the City of New York he holds a B.S. from Queens College and a Ph.D. from Polytechnic University. Publications and patents: over 35 Stanley D. Jam

The rechargeable lithium/cobalt oxide electrochemistry is examined for its use in powering underwater vehicles. It has been successfullv developed in 30 amp hour capacity cells. A comparative studv with the silver oxide/zinc technology, most frequently used for this application, revealed lithium's superior performance. Lithium/cobalt oxide gave more charge-discharge cycles with 40-50% higher energy density. Lithium's advantage was especiallv marked at -2-degrees-C, where it cycled four times longer than silver cells. Projections indicate that, at the 600 amp hour cell size, the battery will have an energy density of 120 watt hours per pound resulting in a more durable and cost effective power source for naval vehicles than currentlv possible.

关键词： (1) lithium rechargeable battery (2) underwater vehicle power supply

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PULVErIZEd COAL COMBUSTION IN O-2 CO2 MIXTUrES ON A POWEr-PLANT FOr CO2 rECOVErY

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ENErGY CONVErSION ANd MANAGEMENT 1992年第5-8期33卷 379-386页

作者： NAKAYAMA, S NOGUCHI, Y KIGA, T MIYAMAE, S MAEdA, U KAWAI, M TANAKA, T KOYATA, K MAKINO, H R&D Department Electric Power Development Co. Ltd. Ginza 6-15-1 Chuou-ku Tokyo Japan Boilor R&D Department Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. Toyosu 3-2-16 Koto-ku Tokyo Japan Technology Division Japan Oxygen Co. Ltd. Tsukagoshi 4-320 Kawasaki Japan Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Yokosuka Japan Nagasaka 2-6-1 Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan

Pulverized coal combustion in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere with CO2/O2 mixtures is expected to be effective for improving combustion efficiency and for CO2 recovery from flue gas without the process of concentration. Feasibility studies were in progress for evaluating the air separation/flue gas recycling process with CO2 recovery including oxygen generator and flue gas treatment. The findings of studies so far conducted indicate that this process is more economical than other CO2 recovery techniques and is expected to offer, among others, satisfactory burnout efficiency through the use of an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. From now on, expanded research activities will be carried on to pave the way for commercialization of the proposed process.

关键词： CO2 rECOVErY O-2/CO2 COMBUSTION PCF POWEr PLANT OXYGEN-rICH COMBUSTION

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CAd CAM GOES TO SEA - THE SAAr-5 dESIGN ANd CONSTrUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1992年第3期104卷 148-155页

作者： LINdGrEN, Jr SOLITArIO, WA MOOrE, AP STrEIFF, MA John R. Lindgren Jr:. is vice president for engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. a Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula Miss. He joined Ingalls in 1958 and has held various positions in the Engineering Division and participated in the design of numerous merchant ships drill rigs submarines and surface combatants and auxiliary support ships. Mr. Lindgren is a 1958 graduate of the University of Southwest Louisiana. His degree is in mechanical engineering and he is also a licensed professional engineer. William A. Solitario:is the director of advanced technology at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. in Pascagoula Miss. He received his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the City University of New York and has 28 years experience in marine engineering and design. His current responsibilities include the direction of Ingalls' IRAD programs and several Navy-funded R&D programs to improve ship's performance and reduce ship's operating costs. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and past chairman of the Gulf Section East Area. Arnold P. Moore:is the director design engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding where he is responsible for all new construction design and engineering activities. Prior to promotion to his current position Mr. Moore served as chief naval architect at Ingalls. He has 24 years experience in ship design construction and repair. Mr. Moore holds the professional degree of ocean engineer as well as a master's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. He also earned a bachelor's degree in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy and is a registered professional engineer. Mr. Moore served as an engineering duty officer in the U.S. Navy and is currently a captain in the Naval Reserve. He is a past chairman of the Gulf Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and Sigma Xi. Michel A. Streiff:is the manager of CAD/CAM applications at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. His

The SA'Ar-5 Corvette Program is the first major warship construction to be entirely accomplished using a 3-dimensional, interference checked computer based design. This paper discusses the organization and approach used to create the design models which form the basis for interference checking as well as the source of extracted production data. The design or product model is the nucleus of the computer data base that defines the configuration of the entire ship. The data base includes geometry, weight, and material, as well as production control data. The ability of the computer to link such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and construction. The ease with which formatted manufacturing data (both N.C. fabrication and installation) can be extracted enables the preparation of detailed packages containing the desired geometry as well as the associated material and sequencing data, thus assuring the producibility of the design. The SA'Ar-5 design is CAd/CAM's state of the art in U.S. shipbuilding.

关键词： Warships

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development OF A LITHIUM rECHArGEABLE BATTErY FOr UNdErWATEr VEHICLE PrOPULSION - rEPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1991年第4期103卷 130-130页

作者： SMITH, PH JAMES, Sd CHUA, dL Patricia H. Smithis group leader of the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33 of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. She obtained her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1981. Dr. Smith is managing the High Energy Battery Project funded by the Office of Naval Technology to develop power sources for the next generation naval systems. A major thrust of this project is developing rechargeable lithium batteries to propel underwater naval vehicles. Dr. Smith is the editor in chief of the High Energy Battery Newsletter. David L. Chuais the manager of lithium battery R&D at Alliant Techsystems Inc.—Power Sources Center (formerly Honeywell) Horsham Penn. He is responsible for the research and development of both primary and rechargeable lithium technologies. He received his M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Arizona in 1969 and a Ph.D. in materials engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1973. Dr. Chua has over 15 years experience in lithium electrochemical research received 5 patents and authored numerous papers on lithium battery technology. Stanley D. Jamesobtained his Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the Imperial College of Science London in 1959. In 1967 he joined the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. and is presently the senior technical consultant to the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33. Dr. James has authored 45 papers and is the technical editor of the High Energy Battery Newsletter.

The Navy is researching lithium rechargeable batteries as a possible replacement for silver oxide/zinc cells in powering the next generation of naval underwater vehicles. This paper summarizes progress made with the most promising lithium system — lithium/cobalt oxide, which has 2.5 times the theoretical energy density of silver oxide/zinc. Using small (0.03 Ah) laboratory cells, optimization was completed for cathode fabrication and electrolyte composition. Even at three times the required discharge rate, cycle life obtained with these cells was over double the program goal. Furthermore, a significant fast charge capability was demonstrated when charging was conducted at constant potential versus constant current. This laboratory cell technology was scaled up successfully to 2.5 Ah cell test fixtures. Presently, engineering development is underway at the 10 Ah level in hermetically sealed, instrumented subcells. Preliminary data are achieving the required energy densities for at least 15 cycles with tests still continuing. The optimized design resulting from the 10 Ah tests is being incorporated into 30 Ah cells.

关键词： Submarines

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A PrACTICAL APPrOACH TO THE dESIGN, OPErATION, ANd MONITOrING OF INSITU SOIL-VENTING SYSTEMS

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GrOUNd WATEr MONITOrING ANd rEMEdIATION 1990年第2期10卷 159-178页

作者： JOHNSON, PC STANLEY, CC KEMBLOWSKI, MW BYErS, dL COLTHArT, Jd Paul C. Johnson Ph.D. joined Shell Development Co.'s (Westhollow Research Center Room EC-649 P.O. Bo 1380 Houston TX 77251–1380) Environmental Science Department in 1987 after earning his B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of California Davis and his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Princeton University. His current areas of research include the development and evaluation of soil treatment processes modeling and measuring transport phenomena in porous media and the development of transport models for predicting emissions and exposures used in envvironmental risk assessments. Curtis C Stanley received his degree in geology with an engineering minor from North Carolina State University in 1979. He is currently a senior hydrogeologist for Shell Oil Co. (Westhollow Research Center 2236 Two Shell Plaza Houston TX 77082) and is responsible for hydrogeologic response at Shell's retail facilities. Stanley is a Certified Professional Geological Scientist and also a Certified Ground Water Professional with the NWWA's Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers. He is also a member of API's Ground Water Technology Taskforce and is an EPA Peer Reviewer. Marian W. Kemblowski Ph.D. is a senior research engineer in the Environmental Science Department at Shell Development Co. (Westhollow Research Center Houston TX 77082) where he has worked since 1985. He obtained his M.S. degree in civil engineering from the Technical University of Warsaw Poland in 1973 and his Ph.D. in ground water hydrology from the Institute for Land Reclamation in Warsaw Poland in 1978. In 1980–1981 he was a visiting hydrologist in the New Mexico School of Mining and Technology. From 1981 to 1985 he worked as an assistant scientist at the University of Kansas. His principal research interests are in the areas of numerical analysis transport in porous media and ground water monitoring systems. Dallas L. Byers is a technical associate in the Environmental Science Department at Shell Development. After receivin

When operated properly, in situ soil venting or vapor extraction can be one of the most cost-effective remediation processes for soils contaminated with gasoline, solvents, or other relatively, volatile compounds. The components of soil-venting systems are typically off-the-shelf items, and the installation of wells and trenches can be done by reputable environmental firms. However, the design, operation, and monitoring of soil-venting systems are not trivial. In fact, choosing whether or not venting should be applied at a given site is a difficult decision in itself. If one decides to utilize venting, design criteria involving the number of wells, well spacing, well location, well construction, and vapor treatment systems must be addressed. A series of questions must be addressed to decide if venting is appropriate at a given site and to design cost-effective in situ soil-venting systems. This series of steps and questions forms a “decision tree” process. The development of this approach is an attempt to identify the limitations of in situ soil venting, and subjects or behavior that are currently difficult to quantify and for which future study is needed.

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COMPArATIVE STrUCTUrAL LIFE ASSESSMENT OF PATrOL BOAT BOTTOM PLATING

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1990年第3期102卷 253-262页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ BELLWrIGHT, TF PUrCELL, ES Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work has been sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board National Science Foundation U.S. Coast Guard Department of Defense State of Maryland and University of Maryland. He is the author of more than 100 publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub was a recipient of the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in theJournal of Water Resources Planning and Managementfor 1987 and Edmund Friedman Young Engineer Award for Professional Achievement from ASCE for 1989. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degreein engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is the author of more than two dozen technical articles and reports and is one of the U.S. representatives to the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC). His research interests lie in t

The estimation of an absolute life expectancy of a structure is a complex process and the results are expected to have relatively large levels of uncertainty. In this study, a comparative analysis is undertaken between two different patrol boats. This is an approach which results in a higher confidence level because certain factors common to both boats can be eliminated by assuming them to be at constant normal levels. The study is limited to the critical forward bottom plating and takes into account the differences in material, plate dimensions, operational profile, structure and loading of the two vessels. Two failure modes, plastic plate deformation and fatigue, are considered, and a novel approach to plate wastage is included. Many factors affect the structural life of a vessel. They include structural type, operational profile, structural details, loads, inspection and maintenance, design methods, safety factors, corrosion, and environmental factors. There are three types of uncertainty associated with these factors; namely, physical randomness, statistical uncertainties, and model uncertainties. The method described is designed to address these uncertainties. The objective of the paper is to present the reliability-based structural life assessment method, and then to use it to evaluate and compare the structural performance of the forward bottom plating of the two patrol boats. The results of the evaluation are presented in the form of graphs and tables in order to facilitate the comparative evaluation. The method is performed within a computer-based format which allows parametric sensitivity analysis of several variables including the size of the plating panel, thickness, operational profile and loading. The sensitivity of the structural life expectancy of the forward bottom plating to variations in these parameters is evaluated.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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CUrrENT LIMITING PrOTECTOr FOr LOW-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CUrrENT APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1989年第3期101卷 267-273页

作者： EMErY, FT WU, JL Dr. Franklin T. Emery:is a senior engineer in the Electromechanical Systems Department at the Westinghouse R&D Center Pittsburgh Pa. Dr. Emery received his B.S. (1974) M.S. (1977) and Ph.D. (1983) degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pa. His primary work is in applied research on electrical systems associated with large power systems both for Navy ship applications and for the commercial power industry. He is presently involved in the development of the electronics for a high current high speed interrupter for use in the protection of power distribution systems on board Navy surface ships. His prior experience is in fiber optic technology design and application for both SDI and Navy applications. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and is a professional registered engineer in Pennsylvania and Florida. Dr. Jiing L. Wu:is a senior research scientist in the Electromechanical Systems Department at the Westinghouse R&D Center Pittsburgh Pa. Dr. Wu received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Taiwan Cheag Kung University Taiwan in 1965 M.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Wisconsin Madison in 1969 and Ph.D. in engineering science from the State University of New York Buffalo New York in 1974. He has participated in research and development work in pulsed power switching devices for electromagnetic launchers circuit breakers for commercial and naval electrical systems and fault current limiting devices. He is presently the principal investigator and project manager of a team developing the current limiting protector for the Naval Sea Systems Command.

A pyrotechnic current limiting interrupter (CLI) has been developed for use in high current, 60-Hz, 480-volt, 3-phase electrical bus circuits. The interrupter design combines a high continuous current (4800 A rms) rating with a high current (210 kA rms sym.) interruption capability. Its electrical power loss is low and its mechanical construction uses no complex moving mechanisms. The CLI is used with a current sensor, electronic logic, and energy storage circuitry. The current sensor continuously monitors the current through the CLI and provides input to logic circuits which analyze and determine the validity of the fault condition. Both the fault current magnitude and rate of current increase are used in combination to make the decision when to activate the CLI. Using stored electrical energy, a detonator is activated causing an explosive cord to generate shock waves sufficient to cut the current carrying conductors. detection and initiation of the interruption process occurs within 1/4 cycle for a symmetrical fault and within 1/2 cycle for an asymmetrical fault. The first peak in the fault current is limited to the first half cycle.

关键词： Electric Circuit Breakers

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ESTIMATION OF STrUCTUrAL SErVICE LIFE OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEErS JOUrNAL 1989年第3期101卷 156-166页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ PUrCELL, ES P.E. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the National Science Foundation the U.S. Coast Guard the State of Maryland and the University of Maryland. Dr. Ayyub is a member of ASNE the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) the American Concrete Institute (ACI) the Committee on Forensic Engineering of ASCE and the Committee on Structural Safety of ACI. He is the author of more than three dozen publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub received the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 and the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management for 1987. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International Company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is a lieutenant commande

A methodology for the structural life assessment of a ship's structure is suggested. The methodology is based on probabilistic analysis using reliability concepts and the statistics of extremes. In this approach, the estimation of structural life expectancy is based on selected failure modes. All possible failure modes of the ship must be investigated and the most likely paths to structural failure identified. For the purpose of illustration two failure modes are considered in this study. They are plate plastic deformation and fatigue cracking. Structural life based on these two failure modes is determined for an example vessel. The methodology determines the probability of failure of the ship's structural components according to the identified failure modes as a function of time. The results can be interpreted as the cumulative probability distribution function (CdF) of structural life. due to the unknown level of statistical correlation between failure modes, limits or bounds on the CdF of the structural life are established. The limits correspond to the extreme cases of fully correlated and independent failure modes. The CdFs of structural life are determined for two inspection strategies; namely, inspection every year and inspection every two years with a warranty inspection at the end of the first year. The meaning of the results for the case investigated in this study is that, for example, given an inspection strategy of two years and a desired life of 15 years, there is a 72% chance that the vessel will not experience enough partial damage‘ in the failure modes identified to constitute reaching the “end of structural life” as defined.

关键词： Ships

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