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An assessment of the CO 2 storage potential of the Indian subcontinent

Energy Procedia 2009年第1期1卷 2607-2613页

作者： S. Holloway A. Garg M. Kapshe A. deshpande A.S. Pracha S.r. Khan M.A. Mahmood T.N. Singh K.L. Kirk J. Gale British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG UK Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal India Sustainable Development and Policy Institute Islamabad Pakistan Private Consultant Center for Eco-Friendly Mining Alternatives Dhanbad Jharkhand India IEA GHG R&D Programme Orchard Business Centre Stoke Orchard Cheltenham Glos GL52 7RZ UK

Current annual CO 2 emissions from large industrial point sources in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are estimated to be 721, 45, 17 and 3 million tonnes (Mt) CO 2 respectively. rapid growth in annual CO 2 emissions is likely: in India, the nine planned ultramega power plants alone could add some 257 Mt CO 2 to annual emissions. The main potential CO 2 storage sites in India are located in the saline aquifers and oil and gas fields around the margins of the peninsula, especially offshore, but also onshore in the states of Gujarat and rajasthan. There is also thought to be considerable saline aquifer CO 2 storage potential in NE India, but this is distant from the main emission sources. CO 2 sources in the centre of the peninsula appear to be poorly placed with respect to potential CO 2 storage sites. There is estimated to be about 5Gt CO 2 storage potential in India’s major coalfields and oil and gas fields. It is important that India’s saline aquifer storage capacity is quantified, as this will determine whether there is significant potential for the application of CCS. Pakistan will have significant CO 2 storage potential (c. 1.6 Gt CO 2 ) in its gas fields when they become depleted. It is also thought to have good potential for saline aquifer CO 2 storage in the Lower Indus and Potwar Basins and there is a good match between the locations of sources and potential storage sites. Bangladesh’s annual CO 2 emissions from large point sources are approximately 17 Mt CO 2 . It is thought to have significant CO 2 storage potential in its gas fields (c. 1.1 Gt CO 2 ) which will become available gradually as the individual fields are depleted. Bangladesh also probably has significant CO 2 storage potential in saline aquifers in most of the eastern half of the country, both onshore and offshore. Sri Lanka’s total annual emissions of CO 2 from large point sources are estimated to be approximately 3 Mt. These will be increased by the operation of new coal-fired powe

关键词： CO 2 storage India Pakistan Bangladesh Sri Lanka

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dissolution of Co,Mn and Zn from zinc plant residue in H2O2-H2SO4-H2O medium

Dissolution of Co,Mn and Zn from zinc plant residue in H2O2-...

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第五届国际湿法冶金学术会议(5th International Conference on Hydrometallurgy)

作者： A.r.Eivazi Hollagh N.Heidari E.Keshavarz Alamdari d.darvishi d.Moradkhani Department of Mining Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Materials and Energy Research Center P.O.Box 14155-4777 Tehran Iran R&D Center Iranian Zinc Mines Development Company Zanjan Iran R&D Center Iranian Zinc Mines Development Company Zanjan Iran Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering University of TehranP.O.Box 11155-4563 Tehran Iran Materials and Energy Research Center P.O.Box 14155-4777 Tehran Iran Materials and Energy Research Center P.O.Box 14155-4777 Tehran Iran Faculty of Engineering Zanjan University Zanjan Iran

Studies have been carried out to determine maximum recovery of Co, Mn and Zn from zinc plant residue in H2O2-H2SO4-H2O *** per oxide is used as a reductive *** leaching parameters such as sulphuric acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, time and amount of hydrogen per oxide were varied to study their effect on metal *** optimum conditions established were as follows: 20 gr/lit sulphuric acid, S/L of 1∶10, 3 %(V/V) hydrogen per oxide and ambient *** these conditions, more than 90% of Co, Mn and Zn could be extracted within 20 ***,"Extraction procedure tests" approved by EPA were applied to the residue to determine the amount of released metals and were compared with toxicity limits given by EPA for the solid wastes.

关键词： Hydrometallurgy Zinc plant residue.Cobalt Manganese Zinc reductive leaching

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A multilevel PWM strategy suitable for high-voltage motor direct drive systems with consideration of the adverse effect of dead time

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ELECTrICAL ENGINEErING IN JAPAN 2008年第2期165卷 77-88页

作者： Tadano, Yugo Urushibata, Shota Ogura, Kazuya Shigaki, Akira Nomura, Masakatsu Central Research Laboratory R&D Center Meidensha Corporation Japan Meidensha Technology Development Department Japan Meidensha System Device Factory Design Department Japan

recently, high-voltage motor direct drive systems have been put to practical use, and various multilevel PWM strategies have also been proposed. This paper describes a multilevel PWM strategy [our group calls it the Carrier Phase Selection Method (CPS)] that has the lowest line voltage harmonic distortion in order to prevent the degradation of high-voltage motor winding insulations. This method takes the adverse effect of dead time into consideration, and it controls the shift direction of a carrier phase. Therefore, a favorable output waveform without instantaneous voltage surges is achieved even if the line voltage level changes. Moreover, the swithching transitions across all switching devices are well-balanced, so the utilization of inverter unit cells is equalized. This is an important factor when designing the entire system. Based on simulation and experimental results, it is shown that this CPS method is particularly effective in high-voltage motor direct drive systems. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： multicarrier PWM high-voltage direct drive inverter cascaded multilevel inverter dead time phase shift

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Phase-Change Materials for Electronic Memories

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Science 2008年第5886期321卷 210-211页

作者： Greg Atwood R&D-Technology Development Numonyx B.V. 2200 Mission College Boulevard Santa Clara CA 95054 USA.

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The design and implementation of land-based target system for Korean destroyer combat systems 08

The design and implementation of land-based target system fo...

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Proceedings of the 2008 Summer Computer Simulation Conference

作者： Yeong-cheol Kim Changbum Ahn Sim Yong Lee PGM Technology Research Institute Agency for Defense Development Yuseong Daejon Republic of Korea Naval Systems R&D Institute Agency for Defense Development Hyeon-dong Jinhae Kyeongnam Republic of Korea

The role of modeling, simulation and analysis (MS&A) in defense systems development is continuously evolving as simulation-based design, simulation-based acquisition, and simulation-based training in republic of Korea. MS&A is now considered as mandatory activity in the areas of the development of operational concept for the newly developed weapon systems, requirements analysis and verification, system simulations for performance evaluation, system and component design by simulation, test and evaluation as simulation, and the development of training systems throughout the life cycle of defense r&d program. However, one of the most difficult aspects of defense MS&A activities is to decide which parts of the r&d program should be supported by MS&A in the consideration of limited resources. In addition, reusability and extensibility of defense MS&A systems becomes not only technical issues but also programmatic ones as a way of reducing development cost. recently, most shipboard sensor and weapon systems are required to be integrated with surface ship combat systems in order to centralize all of information to command and control systems. However, shipboard systems integration requires extremely complex and time-consuming processes in order to integrate each system into combat systems. development of land-based target system (LBTS) is now represented as s solution to overcome difficulties of shipboard systems integration processes. In general, LBTS should act not only as a test system in order to support test and evaluation activities but also as a target system which could be used and evolved with the sub-systems or components of defense systems throughout the development life cycle. In this paper, MS&A activities which were exhibited throughout the development of LBTS in the part of Korean anti-submarine missile development program are represented.

关键词： target systems M&S framework surface combat systems anti-submarine warfare

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Lanthanum halides improve thermal neutron activation landmine detection - a comparison of fast inorganic scintillators

Lanthanum halides improve thermal neutron activation landmin...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Anthony A. Faust John E. McFee H. robert Andrews Vitaly Kovaltchouk Ted Clifford Harry Ing Defence R&D Canada - Suffield Medicine Hat AB Canada Defence Research and Development Canada AB Canada Bubble Technology Industries Chalk River ON Canada

The Improved Landmine detector System is a vehicle-mounted multi-sensor landmine detector, conceived and developed by defence r&d Canada (drdC). Suspicious targets are identified by fusing data from scanning sensors. A Thermal Neutron Activation (TNA) detector, developed by drdC and Bubble technology Industries (BTI), then confirms the presence of a mine by detecting the bulk nitrogen in its explosives. While the first generation TNA detector has been fielded by the Canadian Forces, drdC and BTI have continued development and optimization of a second generation TNA sensor based around an electronic neutron generator source. By implementing faster detectors, faster electronics and more intense neutron sources, it is possible that this system could achieve 10 to 15 times higher rates, allowing correspondingly higher sensitivity or shorter detection times for landmines. The chief bottleneck to achieving the maximum possible performance from the present TNA or a future system is the relatively slow fluorescent decay time of the NaI(Tl) scintillators which are currently used. An experimental investigation was undertaken to compare a number of modern, fast inorganic scintillators to NaI(Tl) with respect to parameters relevant to TNA, including efficiency, energy resolution, linearity, available size and cost. This paper presents results in the context of the high-rate, high-gamma-energy environments expected in a TNA application. Large (7.62 cm × 7.62 cm) LaBr 3 :Ce scintillators, and to a lesser degree LaCl 3 :Ce, were found to stand-out as as the principal candidates for the detector upgrade to the TNA confirmation system. Their properties also make them ideal candidates for fast neutron activation and associated particle imaging bulk explosives detectors.

关键词： Lanthanum Neutrons Landmine detection detectors Vehicle detection Explosives Mining industry Nitrogen Fluorescence Energy resolution

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Electrical resistivity of sheet-type rubber composite heaters with carbon nanomaterials as filler

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Carbon 2009年第14期47卷 3381-3381页

作者： Yuki Ota Tetsuya Isshiki Masanori Tomita Takashi Yanagisawa Kazuo Kaneda Hidetaka Takahashi Takayuki Tsukada Fujio Okino Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda 386-8567 Japan GSI Creos Corporation Nano Bio Development Center (NBDC) 1-12 Minami-Watarida Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki 210-0855 Japan Fujikura Rubber Ltd. R&D Division 1-840 Mihashi Omiya-ku Saitama 330-0856 Japan Hodogaya Chemical Co. Ltd. 600 Tanakacho Akishimashi 196-8522 Japan

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Characterization and modelling of low-frequency noise in PCM devices

Characterization and modelling of low-frequency noise in PCM...

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International Electron devices Meeting (IEdM)

作者： P. Fantini G. Betti Beneventi A. Calderoni L. Larcher P. Pavan F. Pellizzer Numonyx R&D - Technology Development Agrate-Brianza Italy Dip. Scienze e Metodi dellIngegneria Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Reggio Italy

Low-frequency noise in PCM devices is experimentally investigated providing a new physical model for the amorphous GST (Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 ) material. Noise intensity is characterized and modelled as a function of bias, temperature and size. Findings from 1/f noise analysis are used to understand the drift mechanism of the amorphous state resistance.

关键词： Low-frequency noise Phase change materials

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Highly Scalable NANd Flash Memory with robust Immunity to Program disturbance Using Symmetric Inversion-Type Source and drain Structure

Highly Scalable NAND Flash Memory with Robust Immunity to Pr...

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Symposium on VLSI technology

作者： Chang-Hyun Lee Jungdal Choi Youngwoo Park Changseok Kang Byeong-In Choi Hyunjae Kim Hyunsil Oh Won-Seong Lee Advanced Technology Development Team 2 CAE Team Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co. LTD. San #16 Banwol-Dong Hwasung-City Gyeonggi-Do Korea 445-701

ISBN: (纸本)9781424418022

The symmetric inversion-type S/d structure has been employed for achieving available program disturbance for scaled NANd flash memory beyond sub-40nm node. The inversion S/d structure enables the channel doping to be reduced due to non-existence of n-lateral diffusion and it suppresses charge sharing between program-inhibit channels, resulting in superior program disturbance. Moreover, the cells show better current drivability in the technology node less than 50nm by more successful working of gate fringing field with smaller word-line gap, compared to those with the n-diffused S/d junction.

关键词： NANd flash Inversion S/d Fringing field Program disturbance TANOS

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Performance of the rENA-3 IC with position-sensitive CZT and CdTe detectors

Performance of the RENA-3 IC with position-sensitive CZT and...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Victoria B. Cajipe Martin Clajus Satoshi Hayakawa James L. Matteson r. Thomas Skelton Tumay O. Tumer Alexander Volkovskii Office of Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Services UC San Diego La Jolla CA USA NOVA R&D Inc. Riverside CA USA NOVA R&D Inc. Riverside CA USA Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California La Jolla CA USA NOVA Research and Development Inc. Riverside CA USA

The rENA-3 (readout Electronics for Nuclear Applications) is a 36-channel self-resetting, charge sensitive amplifier/shaper IC with trigger output, wide energy range and sparse readout designed for use with position-sensitive, spectroscopy-grade radiation detectors. It has in recent years been favored to provide the front-end electronics in prototype instruments for various applications — from space physics research through medical imaging to homeland security — that employ CZT or CdTe in the form of planar sensor assemblies or monolithic pixel/strip arrays. We will present a summary of spectroscopic data drawn from the body of rENA-3-based results obtained in our laboratories and by other rENA-3 users. Spectroscopic performance metrics will be discussed relative to the requirements of the specific application targeted in each case as well as from the general standpoint of what may be achievable within this detector-array/rENA-3 approach. A method to automate the test and calibration of rENA-3 ICs will also be described.

关键词： Position sensitive particle detectors Spectroscopy Sensor arrays readout electronics Application specific integrated circuits radiation detectors Nuclear electronics Prototypes Instruments Physics

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