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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kazerouni, Amirhossein Aghdam, Ehsan Khodapanah Heidari, Moein Azad, Reza Fayyaz, Mohsen Hacihaliloglu, Ilker Merhof, Dorit School of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Department of Electrical Engineering Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Microsoft Berlin Germany Department of Radiology Department of Medicine University of British Columbia BC Canada Faculty of Informatics and Data Science University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany

Denoising diffusion models, a class of generative models, have garnered immense interest lately in various deep-learning problems. A diffusion probabilistic model defines a forward diffusion stage where the input data is gradually perturbed over several steps by adding Gaussian noise and then learns to reverse the diffusion process to retrieve the desired noise-free data from noisy data samples. Diffusion models are widely appreciated for their strong mode coverage and quality of the generated samples in spite of their known computational burdens. Capitalizing on the advances in computer vision, the field of medical imaging has also observed a growing interest in diffusion models. With the aim of helping the researcher navigate this profusion, this survey intends to provide a comprehensive overview of diffusion models in the discipline of medical imaging. Specifically, we start with an introduction to the solid theoretical foundation and fundamental concepts behind diffusion models and the three generic diffusion modeling frameworks, namely, diffusion probabilistic models, noise-conditioned score networks, and stochastic differential equations. Then, we provide a systematic taxonomy of diffusion models in the medical domain and propose a multi-perspective categorization based on their application, imaging modality, organ of interest, and algorithms. To this end, we cover extensive applications of diffusion models in the medical domain, including image-to-image translation, reconstruction, registration, classification, segmentation, denoising, 2/3D generation, anomaly detection, and other medically-related challenges. Furthermore, we emphasize the practical use case of some selected approaches, and then we discuss the limitations of the diffusion models in the medical domain and propose several directions to fulfill the demands of this field. Finally, we gather the overviewed studies with their available open-source implementations at our GitHub. We aim to update the

关键词： Medical imaging

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Fair and explainable Myocardial Infarction (MI) prediction: Novel strategies for feature selection and class imbalance correction

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 184卷 109413-109413页

作者： Akter, Simon Bin Akter, Sumya Tuli, Moon Das Eisenberg, David Lotvola, Aaron Islam, Humayera Fernandez, Jorge Fresneda Hüttemann, Maik Pias, Tanmoy Sarkar Martin Tuchman School of Management New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ07102 United States Greenlife Medical College & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech College of Engineering BlacksburgVA United States Institute for Data Science and Informatics University of Missouri Columbia United States Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology Wayne State University School of Medicine DetroitMI United States Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Montclair State University Feliciano School of Business NJ United States Department of Oncology Wayne State University School of Medicine DetroitMI United States Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University School of Medicine DetroitMI United States

The rising incidences of myocardial infarction (MI), often affecting individuals without traditional risk factors, highlight the urgent need for improved early detection using personal health data. However, health surveys and electronic health records (EHRs) frequently suffer from class imbalances, leading to prediction biases and differences between specificity and sensitivity, which hinder reliable model development despite the valuable insights contained in these datasets. To address this, we have introduced a novel approach to enhance MI risk prediction using self-reported attributes from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset. Our approach incorporates three innovative techniques: the Dual-Path Artificial Neural Network (DP-ANN) to mitigate biased decision making across imbalanced datasets, the Triple Criteria Selection (TCS) for unbiased feature selection, and Minority Weighted Sampling (MWS) to tackle challenges of uncontrolled minority class sampling. These methods collectively enhance MI prediction and feature relevance. The DP-ANN model has achieved balanced performance, with an average specificity of 80%, sensitivity of 82%, and AUC–ROC of 89.5%, improving imbalance variance by approximately 14.96% compared to prior studies. By outperforming other models across four heavily imbalanced datasets, our approach demonstrates robustness and generalizability. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis has revealed key predictors and risk factors for MI, such as coronary heart disease and bronchitis in females, and stroke among individuals aged 35–54. In conclusion, our study provides a robust model for healthcare professionals to assess MI risk through targeted factors, promoting early detection and potentially improving patient outcomes. © 2024

关键词： Electronic health record

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NTIRE 2024 Quality Assessment of AI-Generated Content Challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Xiaohong Min, Xiongkuo Zhai, Guangtao Li, Chunyi Kou, Tengchuan Sun, Wei Wu, Haoning Gao, Yixuan Cao, Yuqin Zhang, Zicheng Wu, Xiele Timofte, radu Gankhuyag, Ganzorig Yoon, Kihwan Xu, Yifang Fan, Haotian Kong, Fangyuan Zhao, Shiling Dong, Weifeng Yin, Haibing Zhu, Li Wang, Zhiling Huang, Bingchen Peng, Fei Fu, Huiyuan Ming, Anlong Wang, Chuanming Ma, Huadong He, Shuai Dou, Zifei Chen, Shu Yu, Zihao Guan, Fengbin Motamednia, Hossein Hosseini-Benvidi, S. Farhad Mahmoudi-Aznaveh, Ahmad Mansouri, Azadeh Saha, Avinab Mishra, Sandeep Gupta, Shashank Sureddi, rajesh Saha, Oindrila Celona, Luigi Bianco, Simone Napoletano, Paolo Schettini, raimondo Yang, Junfeng Fu, Jing Zhang, Wei Cao, Wenzhi Liu, Limei Peng, Han Yuan, Weijun Li, Zhan Cheng, Yihang Deng, Yifan Zhang, Huacong Xie, Haiyi Wang, Chengwei Chen, Baoying Zeng, Jishen Yang, Jianquan Wang, Weigang Fang, Xi Lv, Xiaoxin Yan, Jun Li, Haohui Qu, Bowen Li, Yao Luo, Shuqing Wang, Shunzhou Gao, Wei Lu, Zihao Conde, Marcos V. Timofte, radu Lu, Yiting Li, Xin Wang, Xinrui Guan, Fengbin Chen, Zhibo Liao, Ruling Ye, Yan Wang, Qiulin Li, Bing Zhou, Zhaokun Geng, Miao Chen, Rui Tao, Xin Liang, Xiaoyu Sun, Shangkun Fang, Xi Wang, Weigang Yan, Jun Ma, Xingyuan Li, Jiaze Yang, Mengduo Xu, Haoran Zhou, Jie Zhu, Shiding Yu, Bohan Zhi, Tianwu Zhang, Yabin Li, Yaohui Li, Yang Xu, Jingwen Liu, Jianzhao Liao, Yiting Li, Junlin Chen, Baoying Zeng, Jishen Xie, Haiyi Wang, Chengwei Yang, Jianquan Chen, Pengfei Xu, Xinrui Shen, Jiabin Duan, Zhichao Liu, Jiahe Yan, Qi Qu, Youran Zeng, Xiaohui Wang, Lele Liao, Renjie Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Nanyang Technological University Singapore ETH Zürich Switzerland University of Würzburg Germany Korea Electronics Technology Institute Korea Republic of ByteDance China Hangzhou Dianzi University China Sankuai China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co. Ltd. China University of Science and Technology of China China High Performance Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University Tehran Iran Cyber Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran University of Texas Austin United States University of Massachusetts Amher United States Department of Informatics Systems and Communication Xiangjiang Laboratory Hunan University of Technology and Business China Jinan University China Sun Yat-sen University China Alibaba Group China Cisco Systems Inc. United States DP Technology Ltd. Shopee Pte. Ltd Tongji University China School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University China University of Würzburg Germany Kuaishou Technology China Peking University China Zhejiang University China Bytedance Inc China Xidian University China University of British Columbia Canada University of Toronto Canada

This paper reports on the NTIRE 2024 Quality Assessment of AI-Generated Content Challenge, which will be held in conjunction with the New Trends in Image Restoration and Enhancement Workshop (NTIRE) at CVPR 2024. This challenge is to address a major challenge in the field of image and video processing, namely, Image Quality Assessment (IQA) and Video Quality Assessment (VQA) for AI-Generated Content (AIGC). The challenge is divided into the image track and the video track. The image track uses the AIGIQA-20K, which contains 20,000 AI-Generated Images (AIGIs) generated by 15 popular generative models. The image track has a total of 318 registered participants. A total of 1,646 submissions are received in the development phase, and 221 submissions are received in the test phase. Finally, 16 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets. The video track uses the T2VQA-DB, which contains 10,000 AI-Generated Videos (AIGVs) generated by 9 popular Text-to-Video (T2V) models. A total of 196 participants have registered in the video track. A total of 991 submissions are received in the development phase, and 185 submissions are received in the test phase. Finally, 12 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets. Some methods have achieved better results than baseline methods, and the winning methods in both tracks have demonstrated superior prediction performance on AIGC. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Nikkei Stock Market Price Index Prediction Using Machine Learning 4

Nikkei Stock Market Price Index Prediction Using Machine Lea...

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4th International Conference on Computing and Applied informatics 2019, ICCAI 2019

作者： Harahap, Lukman A. Lipikorn, rajalida Kitamoto, Asanobu Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia Machine Intelligence and Multimedia Information Technology Laboratory Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Research Organization of Information and Systems Department of Informatics National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan

Stock market prediction has always been a difficult process, most of the prediction rely solely on the data of the corresponding stock market. Relationship of gold and oil price with stock market performance has been proven significant in some major world stock index. Prediction of stock market price index using machine learning methods is expected to perform well, with the ability of machine learning method to predict using nonlinear inputs. The methods were commonly able to predict relatively well in predicting the values of Japanese Nikkei 225 and Japanese Nikkei 400 indexes. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Forecasting

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The Potential of Low-Frequency Polarimetric SAR Data for Soil Carbon Content Retrieval in the Arctic

The Potential of Low-Frequency Polarimetric SAR Data for Soi...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Yonghong Yi Alireza Tabatabaeenejad Anke Fluhrer Thomas Jagdhuber Mahta Moghaddam John S. Kimball Charles E. Miller College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Tongji University Shanghai China The Aerospace Corporation El Segundo CA USA Institue of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group The University of Montana Missoula MT USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

Accurate soil carbon data are important for understanding the permafrost response and potential carbon release to future climate change. However, there is a large discrepancy in current soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates in the Arctic, where sparse measurements are unable to capture SOC complexity over the vast and remote region. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) data are sensitive to roughness and moisture conditions of soil and vegetation, and may provide useful information on surface and profile SOC properties ( Yi et al., 2021 , 2022 ). The NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) airborne campaign acquired an abundance of full-polarimetric P- and L-band SAR data across Alaska and western Canada ( Miller et al., 2019 ), which provides opportunities to test new remote sensing applications. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential of low-frequency polarimetric SAR data for regional SOC retrieval in the Arctic through data analysis and modeling. We chose the Alaska North Slope as our study area due to more in-situ data available in this area.

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Enhancing tremor classification: Transformer-based analysis of biomechanics patterns for Parkinson's and essential tremor

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Clinical Biomechanics 2025年

作者： Muhammad Izzuddin Mahali Jenq-Shiou Leu Cries Avian Jeremie Teddy Darmawan Muhamad Faisal Nur Achmad Sulistyo Putro Setya Widyawan Prakosa Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Electronics and Informatics Engineering Education Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia Department Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Brawijaya Malang Indonesia Department of Bioinformatics Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences Jakarta Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Electronics Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia

Background Differentiating Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease is challenging due to overlapping tremor characteristics, including similar frequency ranges (4–8 Hz) and kinetic manifestations that defy conventional clinical differentiation. This study aimed to develop a multiclass differentiation system for Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, and Healthy Controls by employing deep learning to decode distinct biomechanical patterns from multi-sensor movement data during dynamic motor tasks. Methods Tremor severity was assessed using accelerometers positioned on the thumb, index finger, metacarpal, and wrist during four protocols: two static (rest, postural) and two dynamic (free motion, motion with object). We employed a Transformer-based model with multi-head attention to capture spatiotemporal movement patterns. Two analytical approaches were compared: (1) feature extraction followed by Transformer processing, and (2) direct Transformer processing of raw signals. Findings The feature-based approach achieved perfect classification accuracy (100 %) for postural holding (utilizing integrated absolute value and other derived features) and free motion (employing mean power and additional features). The raw signal approach similarly attained 100 % accuracy in classifying free motion (200-sample window) and motion with object (200- and 300-sample windows). Integration of multi-protocol dynamic tasks (free motion and motion with object) yielded 99.32 % overall accuracy. Crucially, dynamic protocols demonstrated consistent superiority over static protocols in diagnostic performance. Interpretation The Transformer model with multi-head attention effectively identified disease-specific biomechanical patterns. Its high accuracy in distinguishing Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, and Healthy Control participants, particularly during dynamic tasks, positions it as a promising tool for enhancing clinical decision-making and artificial intelligence-assisted monitoring

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Towards a rigorous evaluation of explainability for multivariate time series

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Saluja, Rohit Malhi, Avleen Knapič, Samanta Främling, Kary Cavdar, Cicek Department of Computer Science Aalto University Konemiehentie 2 Espoo02150 Finland Department of Computing Science Umeå University Mit-huset Umeå90187 Sweden Department of Computing and Informatics Bournemouth United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Machine learning-based systems are rapidly gaining popularity and in-line with that there has been a huge research surge in the field of explainability to ensure that machine learning models are reliable, fair, and can be held liable for their decision-making process. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods are typically deployed to debug black-box machine learning models but in comparison to tabular, text, and image data, explainability in time series is still relatively unexplored. The aim of this study was to achieve and evaluate model agnostic explainability in a time series forecasting problem. This work focused on proving a solution for a digital consultancy company aiming to find a data-driven approach in order to understand the effect of their sales related activities on the sales deals closed. The solution involved framing the problem as a time series forecasting problem to predict the sales deals and the explainability was achieved using two novel model agnostic explainability techniques, Local explainable model- agnostic explanations (LIME) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) which were evaluated using human evaluation of explainability. The results clearly indicate that the explanations produced by LIME and SHAP greatly helped lay humans in understanding the predictions made by the machine learning model. The presented work can easily be extended to any time series forecasting or classification scenario for achieving explainability and evaluating the produced explanations. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Forecasting

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Vision Transformer for Parkinson’s Disease Classification using Multilingual Sustained Vowel Recordings

Vision Transformer for Parkinson’s Disease Classification u...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Daria Hemmerling Marek Wodzinski Juan rafael Orozco-Arroyave David Sztaho Mateusz Daniol Pawel Jemiolo Magdalena Wojcik-Pedziwiatr Daria Hemmerling Marek Wodzinski Mateusz Daniol and Pawel Jemiolo are With the AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatics Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering Krakow Poland Information Systems Institute University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais) Sierre Switzerland Universidad de Antioquia Medellin Colombia and With the Pattern Recognition Lab at the University of Erlangen Erlangen Germany Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary Department of Neurology Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Krakow Poland

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the 2 nd most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. Thus, the early detection of PD has recently been the subject of several scientific and commercial studies. In this paper, we propose a pipeline using Vision Transformer applied to mel-spectrograms for PD classification using multilingual sustained vowel recordings. Furthermore, our proposed transformed-based model shows a great potential to use voice as a single modality biomarker for automatic PD detection without language restrictions, a wide range of vowels, with an F1-score equal to 0.78. The results of our study fall within the range of the estimated prevalence of voice and speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease, which ranges from 70-90%. Our study demonstrates a high potential for adaptation in clinical decision-making, allowing for increasingly systematic and fast diagnosis of PD with the potential for use in *** relevance— There is an urgent need to develop non invasive biomarker of Parkinson’s disease effective enough to detect the onset of the disease to introduce neuroprotective treatment at the earliest stage possible and to follow the results of that intervention. Voice disorders in PD are very frequent and are expected to be utilized as an early diagnostic biomarker. The voice analysis using deep neural networks open new opportunities to assess neurodegenerative diseases’ symptoms, for fast diagnosis-making, to guide treatment initiation, and risk prediction. The detection accuracy for voice biomarkers according to our method reached close to the maximum achievable value.

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A Demographic-Conditioned Variational Autoencoder for fMRI Distribution Sampling and Removal of Confounds

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Orlichenko, Anton Qu, Gang Zhou, Ziyu Liu, Anqi Deng, Hong-Wen Ding, Zhengming Stephen, Julia M. Wilson, Tony W. Calhoun, Vince D. Wang, Yu-Ping Department of Biomedical Engineering Tulane University New OrleansLA70118 United States Department of Computer Science Tulane University New OrleansLA70118 United States Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics Tulane Integrated Institute of Data & Health Sciences Tulane University New OrleansLA70112 United States Institute for Human Neuroscience Boys Town National Research Hospital Boys TownNE United States Mind Research Network AlbuquerqueNM United States Georgia State University Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University AtlantaGA United States

Objective: fMRI and derived measures such as functional connectivity (FC) have been used to predict brain age, general fluid intelligence, psychiatric disease status, and preclinical neurodegenerative disease. However, it is not always clear that all demographic confounds, such as age, sex, and race, have been removed from fMRI data. Additionally, many fMRI datasets are restricted to authorized researchers, making dissemination of these valuable data sources challenging. Methods: We create a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based model, DemoVAE, to decorrelate fMRI features from demographics and generate high-quality synthetic fMRI data based on user-supplied demographics. We train and validate our model using two large, widely used datasets, the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP). Results:We find that DemoVAE recapitulates group differences in fMRI data while capturing the full breadth of individual variations. Significantly, we also find that most clinical and computerized battery fields that are correlated with fMRI data are not correlated with DemoVAE latents. An exception are several fields related to schizophrenia medication and symptom severity. Conclusion: Our model generates fMRI data that captures the full distribution of FC better than traditional VAE or GAN models. We also find that most prediction using fMRI data is dependent on correlation with, and prediction of, demographics. Significance: Our DemoVAE model allows for generation of high quality synthetic data con- ditioned on subject demographics as well as the removal of the confounding effects of demographics. We identify that FC-based prediction tasks are highly influenced by demographic confounds. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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ASCAPE: An open AI ecosystem to support the quality of life of cancer patients

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lampropoulos, Konstantinos Kosmidis, Thanos Autexier, Serge Savić, Miloš Athanatos, Manos Kokkonidis, Miltiadis Koutsouri, Tzortzia Vizitiu, Anamaria Valachis, Antonios Padron, Miriam Quintero Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Patras Patras Greece CareAcross Research CareAcross LTD London United Kingdom Bremen Germany Division of Informatics Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia Institute of Computer Science Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas Heraklion Crete Greece Research & Innovation Development INTRASOFT International S.A. Luxembourg Luxembourg SPHYNX Research SPHYNX Technology Solutions AG Zug Switzerland Department of Automation and Information Technology Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania Advanta Siemens SRL Brasov Romania Department of Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden Atos Research Innovation Atos S.A.E Madrid Spain

The latest cancer statistics indicate a decrease in cancer-related mortality. However, due to the growing and ageing population, the absolute number of people living with cancer is set to keep increasing. This paper presents ASCAPE, an open AI infrastructure that takes advantage of the recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to support cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL). With ASCAPE health stakeholders (e.g. hospitals) can locally process their private medical data and then share the produced knowledge (ML models) through the open AI infrastructure. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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