Bio-energy from biomass can be used as renewable energy to reduce CO2 emission in some industrial processes. Fast pyrolysis has emerged as the most promising technology to convert organic materials into liquid fuels a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781935117551
Bio-energy from biomass can be used as renewable energy to reduce CO2 emission in some industrial processes. Fast pyrolysis has emerged as the most promising technology to convert organic materials into liquid fuels at a short time but it still faces some technical challenges in improving product yield, its quality and process energy efficiency. Microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of biomass provides distinctive environment to solve these challenges. In this paper, the pyrolysis of Lemon Eucalyptus was investigated using microwave energy as the heat source, and the yield and characteristics of the pyrolysis oils (i.e. elemental analysis, hydrocarbon composition, and potential fuel properties) and gases are presented and discussed. Here, a pilot unit with 150 kg per hour capacity using MAP technique was built in order to evaluate the energy potential of gases (non-condensable gases-NCG) and liquid (condensable gases-CG) of a biomass pyrolysis plant. The pyrolysis process was in continuous mode and in two stages, biomass drying and pyrolysis, with charcoal production, pyrolysis gas and bio-oil. The results showed that about 63% of the raw material was converted to charcoal and 37% to pyrolysis gas and bio-oil. In the pyrolysis gas fraction, 46% corresponds to the nitrogen from the air. There was a 1638 kg of air entering in the system, which was verified by mass balance. This air inlet implies several drawbacks, mainly explosion risks. The bio-oil fraction was analyzed showing that there was a 45% of pyroligneous gas followed by about 33% of water. It can be seen that the lower calorific value of condensable gases can be increased with the removal of water from its composition. The study of energy availability showed an averaged value of 5.60 MWh of thermal energy per ton of charcoal produced in the prototype.
Using the cellular automata computational technique it was possible to simulate the generation and discharge of an iron ore pellet pile inside a direct iron reduction oven, as well as to calculate the reduction degree...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781921522512
Using the cellular automata computational technique it was possible to simulate the generation and discharge of an iron ore pellet pile inside a direct iron reduction oven, as well as to calculate the reduction degree of the pellets as they leave the oven. It allows simulation of the variation of operational parameters and verify the results of those variations in the pellet reduction degree. The simulated data was validated in two instances: for the dynamics of the pellet flow inside the oven it was used in an acrylic bi-dimensional silo;and data from direct reduction iron literature was used for validation of the pellet reduction. The simulated results were considered acceptable to describe the movement of the iron pellet inside the direct reduction iron oven and to describe the iron pellet reduction direct in the oven.
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