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real-time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： T.F. Abdelzaher K.G. Shin Real-time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

In this paper we present a branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm for combined task and message scheduling in distributed hard real-time systems. The algorithm finds an optimal schedule for a set of communicating tasks with known arrival times, precedence constraints, and resource requirements in conjunction with the assignment and scheduling of intertask messages over communication links. The schedule is "optimal" in the sense of minimizing maximum task lateness under a heuristic message priority assignment found during the search. A robotics application is used to illustrate the utility and potential of the algorithm. Results of an extensive simulation study analyzing its performance are also presented.

关键词： real time systems Optimal scheduling Processor scheduling Scheduling algorithm Delay Distributed computing Laboratories time factors Robot sensing systems Analytical models

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Software engineering of machine control systems: an approach to lifecycle economics

Software engineering of machine control systems: an approach...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： S. Birla Kang Shin Real-time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Describes a domain modeling process and framework for use in lifecycle engineering of software to monitor and control agile machining equipment. The authors focus on an approach of defining initial requirements in a w... 详细信息

关键词： Software engineering Manufacturing automation Automatic control Costs Object oriented modeling Environmental economics computerized monitoring Organizing computer aided manufacturing Virtual manufacturing

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Evaluation of Communication Latency in VMEbus-Based real-time Control Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1995年第5期28卷 421-425页

作者： Jaehyun Park Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 U.S.A

Although the VMEbus has been widely used for real-time control systems, its real-time performance has not been evaluated thoroughly. This paper evaluates the latency of interprocessor communication in a VMEbus-based real-time control system. To minimize communication latency, mixed priority/round-robin (MPR) bus arbitration is proposed and its performance is evaluated along with standard PRI and RRS arbitration. The latency is evaluated via computer simulations and experimental measurements using a high-resolution timing-measuring instrument that can be directly plugged into the VMEbus.

关键词： real-time systems performance evaluation multiprocessor systems

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Probing and fault injection of protocol implementations

Probing and fault injection of protocol implementations

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International Conference on Distributed computing Systems

作者： S. Dawson F. Jahanian Real-Time Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Ensuring that a distributed system with strict dependability constraints meets its prescribed specification is a growing challenge that confronts software developers and system engineers. This paper presents a technique for probing and fault injection of fault-tolerant distributed protocols. The proposed technique, called script-driven probing and fault injection, can be used for studying the behavior of distributed systems and for detecting design and implementation errors of fault-tolerant protocols. The focus of this work is on fault injection techniques that can be used to demonstrate three aspects of a target protocol: i) detection of design or implementation errors, ii) identification of violations of protocol specifications, and iii) insight into design decisions made by the implementers. The emphasis of our approach is on experimental techniques intended to identify specific "problems" in a protocol or its implementation rather than the evaluation of system dependability through statistical metrics such as fault coverage. To demonstrate the capabilities of this technique, the paper describes a probing and fault injection tool, called the PFI tool (Probe/Fault Injection Tool), and a summary of several extensive experiments that studied the behavior of two protocols: the transmission control protocol (TCP) and a group membership protocol (GMP).

关键词： Protocols Fault detection Fault diagnosis Software systems Systems engineering and theory Fault tolerance Fault tolerant systems Probes

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Representing architectural designs: a central issue in the development of complex systems

Representing architectural designs: a central issue in the d...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer Systems

作者： V. Kirova W. Rossak Software Engineering Laboratory & Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

This paper discusses the need for and the use of a software architecture as an important means in the development of complex systems. We start out with a brief analysis of the term "complex" with regard to computerized systems. On this basis, we introduce software architectures as a means to cope with the software design aspect of system complexity. We then identify the architectural concepts that are necessary to capture a comprehensive, high level system design and discuss their characterizing properties. Finally, we propose a "construction-oriented" technique for architecture specification which is based on a generic set of architectural elements and is supported by a tool, d-ASPECT (domain Architecture Specification Tool), currently under development at NJIT.

关键词： Buildings Laboratories Control systems computer architecture Software engineering real time systems Information science Paper technology Software architecture Law

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A LANGUAGE FOR COMPLEX real-time SYSTEMS

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computer JOURNAL 1995年第4期38卷 319-338页

作者： STOYENKO, AD MARLOWE, TJ YOUNIS, MF Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 United States

The new generation of real-time systems are characterized by multiple, conflicting non-functional desiderata on goals. Furthermore, the systems exhibit very large size and complexity-in both application structures and underlying software and hardware platforms. We argue that current high-level real-time languages do not meet the challenge of these complex real-time systems and introduce a new language-CRL-that we claim does. Relevant real-time features of CRL are discussed and a summary is provided vis-ri-vis future features that would address non-functional goals other than timeliness. A current implementation status and how CRL fits into a rather ambitious environment for the construction of complex real-time systems (under construction in our real-time computing Lab at NJIT) are briefly presented.

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Using speculative execution for fault tolerance in a real-time system

Using speculative execution for fault tolerance in a real-ti...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer Systems

作者： M.F. Younis G. Tsai T.J. Marlowe A.D. Stoyenko Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

Achieving fault-tolerance using a primary-backup approach involves overhead of recovery such as activating the backup and propagating execution states, which may affect the timeliness properties of real-time systems. We propose a semi-passive architecture for fault-tolerance and show that speculative execution can enhance overall performance and hence shorten the recovery time in the presence of failure. The compiler is used to detect speculative execution, to insert check-points and to construct the updated messages. Simulation results are reported to show the contribution of speculative execution under the proposed architecture.

关键词： Fault tolerant systems real time systems Fault tolerance computer architecture Voting Laboratories Information science Distributed computing Application software Aerospace electronics

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On slot allocation for time-constrained messages in DQDB networks

On slot allocation for time-constrained messages in DQDB net...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Ching-Chih Han Chao-Ju Hou K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Comput. Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Computer Engineering Division Department of Electrical and Comput. Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA

The paper addresses the issue of guaranteeing the timely delivery of isochronous messages with hard deadlines in a distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) network. The authors propose a slot allocation scheme which can allocate bandwidth for a set of isochronous message streams and provide deterministic deadline guarantees. The allocation scheme is guaranteed to find a feasible slot allocation (in the sense that all messages can be transmitted in a timely manner) as long as the total message density is less than or equal to a certain threshold, where the total message density is defined as the summation (over all message streams) of the ratio of maximum message size to message deadline. The implementation of this scheme is simple and does not require any change of the current DQDB standard.

关键词： Intelligent networks Traffic control Bandwidth Videoconference Access protocols Media Access Protocol Communication system traffic control Chaotic communication Laboratories Communication standards

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A constraint function classification for complex systems development

A constraint function classification for complex systems dev...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer Systems

作者： M.S. Harelick T.J. Marlowe A.D. Stoyenko P. Sinha Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Seton Hall University South Orange NJ USA

A complex application consists of a set of software modules, executed on a distributed system, guided by requirements imposed by the designer and the system. The real project at NJIT has been investigating the resource allocation problem for such a system. We give a classification of and syntax for constraints, provide a rule-based approach for constraint management, and discuss issues in generating implied constraints and consistency checking.

关键词： Resource management Subspace constraints real time systems Distributed computing Application software Costs Laboratories Information science Communication system software Hardware

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Analysis and implementation of hybrid switching

Analysis and implementation of hybrid switching

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Annual International Symposium on computer Architecture, ISCA

作者： K.G. Shin S.W. Daniel RealLTime Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The switching scheme of a point-to-point network determines how packets flow through each node, and is a primary element in determining the network's performance. In this paper, we present and evaluate a new switching scheme called hybrid switching. Hybrid switching dynamically combines both virtual cut-through and wormhole switching to provide higher achievable throughput than wormhole alone, while significantly reducing the buffer space required at intermediate nodes when compared to virtual cut-through. This scheme is motivated by a comparison of virtual cut-through and wormhole switching through cycle-level simulations, and then evaluated using the same methods. To show the feasibility of hybrid switching, as well as to provide a common base for simulating and implementing a variety of switching schemes, we have designed SPIDER, a communication adapter built around a custom ASIC, the Programmable Routing Controller (PRC).

关键词： Packet switching Delay Telecommunication traffic Throughput Communication switching Permission computer networks Electronic mail Application specific integrated circuits Routing

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