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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant computing (FTCS)

作者： Chao-Ju Hou K.G. Shin Computer Engineering Division Department of Elect. and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Elect. Engineering and Comp. Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

This paper addresses the problem of replicating and allocating periodic task modules to processing nodes (PNs) in distributed real-time systems subject to task precedence and timing constraints. The probability that all tasks can be completed before their deadlines-termed as the probability of no dynamic failure (P/sub ND/)-is used as the performance-related reliability measure. Modules which are critical in meeting task deadlines are then selected using the critical path analysis. To provide the timing correctness embedded in P/sub ND/, both original and replicated task modules are not only assigned to PNs, but also scheduled on each PN so as to meet the deadlines of all tasks. The module allocation scheme uses (1) the branch-and-bound method to implicitly enumerate all possible allocations while effectively pruning unnecessary search paths; and (2) the module scheduling scheme to schedule the modules assigned to each PN. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed scheme.< >

关键词： real time systems Vehicle dynamics Job shop scheduling Timing Distributed computing Performance evaluation Aircraft Aerospace control Vehicles Production facilities

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Meeting the strict real-time requirements of distributed continuous multimedia applications

Meeting the strict real-time requirements of distributed con...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： W.A. Halang P.A. Laplante A.D. Stoyenko Faculty of Electrical Engineering FernUniversität Hagen Hagen Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Fairleigh Dickinson University Madison NJ USA Real Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

In this paper we discuss synchronization techniques-and specifically their implementation at the hardware, operating system and high-level language levels-that can be used to achieve deadline satisfaction. In particular, it is shown that by endowing process control computers with fully parallel input and output mechanisms making use of exact time specifications, synchronization and deadline satisfaction can be achieved at the same time without any jitter. Continuous multimedia applications require accurate synchronization of the clocks in different processors. The available solutions have considerable accuracy or applicability. Local clock synchronization by radio transmitted time information turns out to be the only general purpose and high accuracy technique that is applicable with reasonable effort.< >

关键词： Application software Synchronization Multimedia computing Virtual reality Colored noise Hardware Operating systems TV Clocks Multimedia systems

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FDDI-M: a scheme to double FDDI's ability of supporting synchronous traffic

FDDI-M: a scheme to double FDDI's ability of supporting sync...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： K.G. Shin Qin Zheng Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Comput. Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Cambridge Research Center Cambridge MA USA

Synchronous messages are usually generated periodically and each of them is required to be transmitted before the generation of the next message. Due to the inherent deficiency in its Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, an FDDI token ring can use at most one half of its ring bandwidth to transmit such synchronous traffic. This deficiency greatly reduces the FDDI's capability of supporting multimedia applications like real-time voice/video transmissions. In this paper, we show how a few simple modifications to the FDDI's MAC protocol can remove this deficiency and double a ring's ability of supporting synchronous traffic. The modified protocol, called FDDI-M, preserves all other good features of an FDDI network and can also achieve a higher throughput for asynchronous traffic than the standard FDDI and the FDDI-II, thus making it useful even for those networks without heavy synchronous traffic.

关键词： FDDI Bandwidth Synchronous generators Telecommunication traffic Token networks Media Access Protocol ANSI standards Laboratories Access protocols Throughput

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Multiple-Goal Objective Functions For Optimization of Task Assignment in Complex computer Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1994年第6期27卷 55-60页

作者： T.J. Marlowe A.D. Stoyenko P.A. Laplante R.S. Daita C.C. Amaro C.M. Nguyen S.L. Howell Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Seton Hall University South Orange NJ 07079 USA Real- Time Computing Laboratory New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA Real-Time Computing Laboratory NJIT Newark NJ 07102 USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Fairleigh Dickinson University Madison NJ 07940 USA Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division Code B40 10901 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903-5640 USA

Complex systems are large applications, typically running on distributed, heterogeneous networks, driven by a number of distinct constraints and desiderata on goals such as performance, real-time behavior, and fault tolerance. These requirements frequently conflict, and satisfaction of these design objectives interacts strongly with assignment of system tasks to processors. The NSWC design framework DESTINATION provides an assignment module which can be used to optimize the system, as measured by the value of a weighted combination of objective cost functions. For even modest-sized systems and networks, assignment space is too large to search exhaustively. We have implemented algorithms which generate heuristically good assignments. However, compile-time evaluation of many interesting design factors, even those clearly related to assignment, is impossible without some estimate of the schedule. We therefore provide approaches for determining a reasonable “pseudo-schedule” for a given system, network, and assignment, and use this to simulate execution in evaluating cost functions.

关键词： Complex real-time systems allocation scheduling heuristics assignment

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Transparent load sharing in distributed systems: decentralized design alternatives based on the Condor package

Transparent load sharing in distributed systems: decentraliz...

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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： Chao-Ju Hou K.G. Shin T.K. Tsukada Computer Engineering Division Department of Elect. and Comp. Eng University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Elect. Engineering and Comp. Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

In recent years a number of load sharing (LS) mechanisms have been proposed or implemented to fully utilize system resources. We design and implement a decentralized LS mechanism based on the Condor package, and give in this paper a description of our design and implementation approaches. Two important features of the design are the use of region-change broadcasts in the information policy to provide each workstation with timely state information at the minimum communication cost, and the use of preferred list in the location policy to avoid task collisions. With these two features, we remove the central manager workstation in Condor, configure its functionalities into each participating workstation, and thus enhance the capability to tolerate single workstation failure and the reliability of Condor. We also discuss the experiments we conduct on the LS mechanism and the observations we obtained from empirical data.< >

关键词： Workstations Packaging Kernel Software packages Chaotic communication Design engineering Broadcasting Costs Availability Delay

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Flexible automation of hardware design tasks using software process technology

Flexible automation of hardware design tasks using software ...

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Symposium on Assessment of Quality Software Development Tools

作者： B.J. Kramer B. Dinler W.A. Halang A.D. Stoyenko Faculty of Electrical Engineering Fern Universität Hagen Hagen Germany GMD Institut SET Sankt Augustin Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering Fern Universitat Hagen Hagen Germany Computer & Inforamtion Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Real-Time Computing Laboratory Newark NJ USA

This paper describes a hybrid approach towards design management. It was applied in a case study linking automated software development and behavioral synthesis. The process-centered software development environment MARVEL is combined with the ALLIANCE design tool box to provide a flexible hardware design management environment. It automatically activates tools according to the design flow, checks access rights of designers, and maintains consistency of design data. Some lessons learned from the experiment are reported.< >

关键词： Design automation Hardware Software design Programming Process design Environmental management Application software Laboratories Information science Software development management

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Speculative execution in a real-time system

Speculative execution in a real-time system

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IEEE Workshop on real-time Applications

作者： M.F. Younis T.J. Marlowe A.D. Stoyenko Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Seton Hall University South Orange NJ USA Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ US

Compiler techniques can help enhance average case execution and extract parallelism opportunities in distributed real time systems. We show that there are situations in which speculative execution with rollback can improve the performance of a hard real time system, either by improving average performance while not affecting the worst-case, or by actually decreasing worst-case execution time. We also show how related strategies for partial or total precomputation can lead to improved performance. We briefly discuss possible practical compiler transformation tools to detect chances of profitable speculative execution in real-time applications.< >

关键词： real time systems Parallel processing Concurrent computing Laboratories Information science Mathematics computer science Data mining Processor scheduling Collaborative work

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An environment for importance sampling based on stochastic activity networks

An environment for importance sampling based on stochastic a...

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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： W.D. Obal W.H. Sanders Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

Model-based evaluation of reliable distributed and parallel systems is difficult due to the complexity of these systems and the nature of the dependability measures of interest. The complexity creates problems for analytical model solution techniques, and the fact that reliability and availability measures are based on rare events makes traditional simulation methods inefficient. Importance sampling is a well-known technique for improving the efficiency of rare event simulations. However, finding an importance sampling strategy that works well in general is a difficult problem. The best strategy for importance sampling depends on the characteristics of the system and the dependability measure of interest. This fact motivated the development of an environment for importance sampling that would support the wide variety of model characteristics and interesting measures. The environment is based on stochastic activity networks, and importance sampling strategies are specified using the new concept of the importance sampling governor. The governor supports dynamic importance sampling strategies by allowing the stochastic elements of the model to be redefined based on the evolution of the simulation. The utility of the new environment is demonstrated by evaluating the unreliability of a highly dependable fault-tolerant unit used in the well-known MARS architecture. The model is non-Markovian, with Weibull distributed failure times and uniformly distributed repair times.< >

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Stochastic processes Analytical models Discrete event simulation Availability Sampling methods Stochastic systems computer network reliability computer networks Concurrent computing

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Deblurring of images by cellular neural networks with applications to microscopy

Deblurring of images by cellular neural networks with applic...

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IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： J.P. Miller T. Roska T. Sziranyi K.R. Crounse L.O. Chua L. Nemes Division Neurobiology Department of Molecular & Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA Analogic and Neural Computing Laboratory Computer and Automation Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Budapest Hungary Electronics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

In this paper it is shown how the Cellular Neural Network (CNN) can be used to perform image and volume deblurring, with particular emphases on applications to microscopy. We discuss the basic linear theory of the CNN including issues of stability and template size. It is observed that a CNN with a small template can be used to implement an Infinite Impulse Response filter. It is then shown how general deblurring problems can be addressed with a CNN when the blurring operator is known. The proposed application is to solve the basic 3-D confocal image reconstruction task about the form of the blurring operator, confocal behavior in microscope images can be obtained with only 3-5 acquired image planes. In addition, the stored program capability of the CNN Universal Machine would provide integration of several image processing and detection tasks in the same architecture.< >

关键词： Cellular neural networks Microscopy Application software Biology computing computer networks Laboratories Stability Optical devices Optical distortion Image resolution

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Handwritten sentence recognition: from signal to syntax

Handwritten sentence recognition: from signal to syntax

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： R. Plamondon S. Clergeau C. Barriere Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Montreal QUE Canada Natural Language Laboratory Computing Science Department Simon Fraser University Canada Centre National d''Etudes Des Telecommunications Lannion France

This paper describes a system dedicated to online handwritten sentence recognition. The prototype is made up of two basic processors. The first controls the data acquisition, pentip trace segmentation, letter identification. The second aims at identifying and correcting the words candidates by integrating syntactic and lexical information. Sentences are parsed to list the grammatical classes of each incorrect candidates then lexical query searches for words in a lexicon according to grammatical classes. A final decision is made using a string comparison algorithm. Tests of the complete system are reported at the end for a typical writer-dependent application.

关键词： Handwriting recognition Prototypes System testing Performance evaluation Natural languages Laboratories Process control Data acquisition Electronic equipment testing Application software

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