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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer Systems

作者： V. Kirova W. Rossak Software Engineering Laboratory & Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

This paper discusses the need for and the use of a software architecture as an important means in the development of complex systems. We start out with a brief analysis of the term "complex" with regard to computerized systems. On this basis, we introduce software architectures as a means to cope with the software design aspect of system complexity. We then identify the architectural concepts that are necessary to capture a comprehensive, high level system design and discuss their characterizing properties. Finally, we propose a "construction-oriented" technique for architecture specification which is based on a generic set of architectural elements and is supported by a tool, d-ASPECT (domain Architecture Specification Tool), currently under development at NJIT.

关键词： Buildings Laboratories Control systems computer architecture Software engineering real time systems Information science Paper technology Software architecture Law

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A LANGUAGE FOR COMPLEX real-time SYSTEMS

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computer JOURNAL 1995年第4期38卷 319-338页

作者： STOYENKO, AD MARLOWE, TJ YOUNIS, MF Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 United States

The new generation of real-time systems are characterized by multiple, conflicting non-functional desiderata on goals. Furthermore, the systems exhibit very large size and complexity-in both application structures and underlying software and hardware platforms. We argue that current high-level real-time languages do not meet the challenge of these complex real-time systems and introduce a new language-CRL-that we claim does. Relevant real-time features of CRL are discussed and a summary is provided vis-ri-vis future features that would address non-functional goals other than timeliness. A current implementation status and how CRL fits into a rather ambitious environment for the construction of complex real-time systems (under construction in our real-time computing Lab at NJIT) are briefly presented.

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Using speculative execution for fault tolerance in a real-time system

Using speculative execution for fault tolerance in a real-ti...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer Systems

作者： M.F. Younis G. Tsai T.J. Marlowe A.D. Stoyenko Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

Achieving fault-tolerance using a primary-backup approach involves overhead of recovery such as activating the backup and propagating execution states, which may affect the timeliness properties of real-time systems. We propose a semi-passive architecture for fault-tolerance and show that speculative execution can enhance overall performance and hence shorten the recovery time in the presence of failure. The compiler is used to detect speculative execution, to insert check-points and to construct the updated messages. Simulation results are reported to show the contribution of speculative execution under the proposed architecture.

关键词： Fault tolerant systems real time systems Fault tolerance computer architecture Voting Laboratories Information science Distributed computing Application software Aerospace electronics

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On slot allocation for time-constrained messages in DQDB networks

On slot allocation for time-constrained messages in DQDB net...

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IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Ching-Chih Han Chao-Ju Hou K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Comput. Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Computer Engineering Division Department of Electrical and Comput. Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA

The paper addresses the issue of guaranteeing the timely delivery of isochronous messages with hard deadlines in a distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) network. The authors propose a slot allocation scheme which can allocate bandwidth for a set of isochronous message streams and provide deterministic deadline guarantees. The allocation scheme is guaranteed to find a feasible slot allocation (in the sense that all messages can be transmitted in a timely manner) as long as the total message density is less than or equal to a certain threshold, where the total message density is defined as the summation (over all message streams) of the ratio of maximum message size to message deadline. The implementation of this scheme is simple and does not require any change of the current DQDB standard.

关键词： Intelligent networks Traffic control Bandwidth Videoconference Access protocols Media Access Protocol Communication system traffic control Chaotic communication Laboratories Communication standards

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A constraint function classification for complex systems development

A constraint function classification for complex systems dev...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer Systems

作者： M.S. Harelick T.J. Marlowe A.D. Stoyenko P. Sinha Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Seton Hall University South Orange NJ USA

A complex application consists of a set of software modules, executed on a distributed system, guided by requirements imposed by the designer and the system. The real project at NJIT has been investigating the resource allocation problem for such a system. We give a classification of and syntax for constraints, provide a rule-based approach for constraint management, and discuss issues in generating implied constraints and consistency checking.

关键词： Resource management Subspace constraints real time systems Distributed computing Application software Costs Laboratories Information science Communication system software Hardware

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Analysis and implementation of hybrid switching

Analysis and implementation of hybrid switching

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Annual International Symposium on computer Architecture, ISCA

作者： K.G. Shin S.W. Daniel RealLTime Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The switching scheme of a point-to-point network determines how packets flow through each node, and is a primary element in determining the network's performance. In this paper, we present and evaluate a new switching scheme called hybrid switching. Hybrid switching dynamically combines both virtual cut-through and wormhole switching to provide higher achievable throughput than wormhole alone, while significantly reducing the buffer space required at intermediate nodes when compared to virtual cut-through. This scheme is motivated by a comparison of virtual cut-through and wormhole switching through cycle-level simulations, and then evaluated using the same methods. To show the feasibility of hybrid switching, as well as to provide a common base for simulating and implementing a variety of switching schemes, we have designed SPIDER, a communication adapter built around a custom ASIC, the Programmable Routing Controller (PRC).

关键词： Packet switching Delay Telecommunication traffic Throughput Communication switching Permission computer networks Electronic mail Application specific integrated circuits Routing

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On non-existence of optimal local synchronous bandwidth allocation schemes for the timed-token MAC protocol

On non-existence of optimal local synchronous bandwidth allo...

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International Phoenix Conference on computers and Communications (IPCCC)

作者： Ching-Chih Han K.G. Shin Chao-Ju Hou Department of Elec. Engineering and Comput. Science Real-Time Computing Laboratory University슠of슠Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Computer Engineering Division Department of Elec. and Comput. Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

Numerous methods have been proposed to integrate real-time and non-real-time services of the timed-token medium access control (MAC) protocol. One of the key issues in tailoring the timed-token protocol for real-time applications is the synchronous bandwidth allocation (SBA) problem whose objective is to meet both the protocol and deadline constraints. Several non-optimal local SBA schemes and two optimal global schemes have been proposed. Local SBA schemes use only information available locally to each node, and are thus preferred to global schemes because of their lower network-management overhead. However, we formally prove, using the technique of adversary argument, that there does not exist any optimal local SBA scheme. During the preparation for this proof, we also derive a timing property that generalizes the previous findings about the cycle-time properties of the timed-token protocol.< >

关键词： Channel allocation Access protocols Media Access Protocol Timing Bandwidth Laboratories real time systems Multimedia systems Production facilities Communication industry

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On reconfiguration latency in fault-tolerant system

On reconfiguration latency in fault-tolerant system

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace Applications

作者： Hagbae Kim K.G. Shin C. Roark Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Elec. Engineering and Comput. Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Defense Systems & Electronics Group Texas Instruments Inc. Dallas MS USA

Digital computers embedded in critical applications such as flight controls should be equipped with appropriate fault-tolerance schemes to ensure their reliable and safe operation in the presence of component failures. System reconfiguration, which enhances reliability by dynamically using spatial redundancy, is generally the most time-consuming fault-/error- handling stage. The reconfiguration latency, defined as the time taken for reconfiguring a system upon failure detection or mode change, depends on many parameters, including the size of application programs and data, the CPU and memory speed, built-in testing capabilities, the type of spares to use, the system architecture, and the reconfiguration strategy used. In this paper, we classify the reconfiguration techniques into four types: reconfigurable duplication, reconfigurable N-modular redundancy (NMR), backup sparing, and graceful degradation. For each type of reconfiguration, we evaluate the reconfiguration latency by using several parameters accounting for the aforementioned parameters, and determine if this type of reconfiguration can meet the application required latency.< >

关键词： Delay Fault tolerant systems Redundancy Embedded computing Application software Aerospace control Fault tolerance computer errors Central Processing Unit System testing

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UltraSAN version 3 overview

UltraSAN version 3 overview

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International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM)

作者： D.D. Deavours W.D. Obal M.A. Qureshi W.H. Sanders A.P.A. van Moorsel Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

UltraSAN is a software package for model-based evaluation of systems represented as stochastic activity networks. The software has been implemented in a modular fashion, with clearly delineated interfaces between model specification, construction, and solution. UltraSAN offers an X Windows-based user interface and both analytical and simulation solution modules for transient and steady-state performance, dependability, and performability measures. Furthermore, the tool facilitates graphical representation of the obtained results by its report generator. This paper gives a very brief overview and pointers to more detailed descriptions of the software.

关键词： Steady-state Storage area networks Modular construction User interfaces Automatic control Joining processes Libraries Markov processes Probability density function Web sites

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Modeling recycle: a case study in the industrial use of measurement and modeling

Modeling recycle: a case study in the industrial use of meas...

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International computer Performance and Dependability Symposium

作者： L.M. Malhis S.C. West L.A. Kant W.H. Sanders Storage Systems Division IBM Corporation Tucson AZ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tustin AZ USA Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

Large-scale data storage systems rely on magnetic tape cartridges to store millions of data objects. As these tapes age, the resident data objects become invalid; consequently, less and less of the tape potential capacity is effectively utilized. To address this problem, data storage systems have a facility, called "recycle" in this paper, that transfers valid data objects from sparsely populated tapes onto new tapes, thus creating empty tapes for reuse. A high performance recycle process is needed to keep the number of tape cartridges to a minimum, and to maintain a continuous supply of empty tapes for storing newly created data objects. The performance of such processes is not easy to determine, and depends strongly on the data stored on the tapes, the speed and characteristics of the computer on which recycle is executed, and the nature of the algorithms themselves. This paper documents an extensive effort to evaluate a proposed recycle algorithm, using held workload data, laboratory measurements, and modeling. The results of the study were used to improve the recycle process, and were later verified through field trials. In addition yielding the results themselves, the effort illustrated that modeling and measurement, in an industrial setting, can indeed be used successfully in the design process.< >

关键词： Recycling computer aided software engineering Large-scale systems Data storage systems Laboratories Magnetic field measurement Process design Coordinate measuring machines Electric variables measurement Area measurement

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