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Optimal resource allocation for flexible-grid entanglement distribution networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Alnas, Jude Alshowkan, Muneer Rao, Nageswara S.V. Peters, Nicholas A. Lukens, Joseph M. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alabama 245 7th Avenue TuscaloosaAL35406 United States Quantum Information Science Section Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Advanced Computing Methods Section Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States

We use a genetic algorithm (GA) as a design aid for determining the optimal provisioning of entangled photon spectrum in flex-grid quantum networks with arbitrary numbers of channels and users. After introducing a general model for entanglement distribution based on frequency-polarization hyperentangled biphotons, we derive upper bounds on fidelity and entangled bit rate for networks comprising one-to-one user connections. Simple conditions based on user detector quality and link efficiencies are found that determine whether entanglement is possible. We successfully apply a GA to find optimal resource allocations in four different representative network scenarios and validate features of our model experimentally in a quantum local area network in deployed fiber. Our results show promise for the rapid design of large-scale entanglement distribution networks. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

Refine-Net: Normal Refinement Neural Network for Noisy Point Clouds

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhou, Haoran Chen, Honghua Zhang, Yingkui Wei, Mingqiang Xie, Haoran Wang, Jun Lu, Tong Qin, Jing Zhang, Xiao-Ping State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Nanjing China Department of Computing and Decision Sciences Lingnan University Hong Kong School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Canada

Point normal, as an intrinsic geometric property of 3D objects, not only serves conventional geometric tasks such as surface consolidation and reconstruction, but also facilitates cutting-edge learning-based techniques for shape analysis and generation. In this paper, we propose a normal refinement network, called Refine-Net, to predict accurate normals for noisy point clouds. Traditional normal estimation wisdom heavily depends on priors such as surface shapes or noise distributions, while learning-based solutions settle for single types of hand-crafted features. Differently, our network is designed to refine the initial normal of each point by extracting additional information from multiple feature representations. To this end, several feature modules are developed and incorporated into Refine-Net by a novel connection module. Besides the overall network architecture of Refine-Net, we propose a new multi-scale fitting patch selection scheme for the initial normal estimation, by absorbing geometry domain knowledge. Also, Refine-Net is a generic normal estimation framework: 1) point normals obtained from other methods can be further refined, and 2) any feature module related to the surface geometric structures can be potentially integrated into the framework. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the clear superiority of Refine-Net over the state-of-the-arts on both synthetic and real-scanned datasets. Our code is available at https://***/hrzhou2/refinenet. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Domain Knowledge

Towards Intelligent Transportation with Pedestrians and Vehicles In-the-Loop: A Surveillance Video-Assisted Federated Digital Twin Framework

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： Li, Xiaolong Wei, Jianhao Wang, Haidong Dong, Li Chen, Ruoyang Yi, Changyan Cai, Jun Niyato, Dusit Shen, Xuemin Hunan Provincial General University Key Laboratory of IoT Intelligent Sensing and Distributed Collaborative Optimization Hunan University of Technology and Business Xiangjiang Laboratory Changsha410205 China Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Computer Science and Technology China University of Concordia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Montreal Canada Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore Singapore University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada

In intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), integrating pedestrians and vehicles into traffic management models is essential for developing realistic and safe solutions. However, current systems often fail to simulate complex, real-world scenarios due to the absence of a comprehensive digital twin framework across diverse traffic environments and effective modeling of pedestrian-vehicle interactions. In this article, we propose a surveillance video-assisted federated digital twin (SV-FDT) framework to enhance ITSs by incorporating pedestrians and vehicles into the control loop. SV-FDT improves computational efficiency and communication performance by transmitting only semantic data and agent parameters, rather than raw video streams. The proposed framework adopts three-layer architecture and constructs detailed pedestrian-vehicle interaction models using multi-source traffic surveillance videos. The three-layer architecture includes: (i) an end layer that collects surveillance videos from multiple sources;(ii) an edge layer that performs self-supervised semantic segmentation to extract interactions, converts them into executable traffic codes, and generates local digital twin systems (LDTSs) for regional traffic modeling;and (iii) a cloud layer that integrates LDTSs into a real-time global digital twin model. Key design considerations, challenges, and practical implementation guidelines are discussed for SV-FDT, and a testbed evaluation is used to show that SV-FDT improves traffic flow, reduces mirroring delay, and enhances recognition accuracy and system efficiency compared to traditional terminal-server frameworks. Finally, we outline open challenges and potential directions for future research in digital twin-enabled ITS. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Air traffic control

Speaker Extraction with Co-Speech Gestures Cue

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Pan, Zexu Qian, Xinyuan Li, Haizhou The Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme The Institute of Data Science National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Computing The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 China The School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 China The University of Bremen 28359 Germany

Speaker extraction seeks to extract the clean speech of a target speaker from a multi-talker mixture speech. There have been studies to use a pre-recorded speech sample or face image of the target speaker as the speaker cue. In human communication, co-speech gestures that are naturally timed with speech also contribute to speech perception. In this work, we explore the use of co-speech gestures sequence, e.g. hand and body movements, as the speaker cue for speaker extraction, which could be easily obtained from low-resolution video recordings, thus more available than face recordings. We propose two networks using the co-speech gestures cue to perform attentive listening on the target speaker, one that implicitly fuses the co-speech gestures cue in the speaker extraction process, the other performs speech separation first, followed by explicitly using the co-speech gestures cue to associate a separated speech to the target speaker. The experimental results show that the co-speech gestures cue is informative in associating with the target speaker. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extraction

Characterization of State-Preparation Uncertainty in Quantum Key Distribution

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Physical Review Applied 2023年第1期19卷 014048-014048页

作者： Anqi Huang Akihiro Mizutani Hoi-Kwong Lo Vadim Makarov Kiyoshi Tamaki Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 People’s Republic of China Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC) University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3G4 Canada Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Quantum Bridge Technologies Inc. 100 College Street Toronto Ontario M5G 1L5 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 People’s Republic of China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan

To achieve secure quantum key distribution, all imperfections in the source unit must be incorporated in a security proof and measured in the lab. Here we perform a proof-of-principle demonstration of the experimental techniques for characterizing the source phase and intensity fluctuation in commercial quantum key distribution systems. When we apply the measured phase-fluctuation intervals to the security proof that takes into account fluctuations in the state preparation, it predicts a key distribution distance of over 100km of fiber. The measured intensity fluctuation intervals are, however, so large that the proof predicts zero key, indicating a source improvement may be needed. Our characterization methods pave the way for a future certification standard.

关键词： Fluctuations & noise Optical quantum information processing Quantum cryptography Quantum engineering Quantum state engineering

Randomized Latent Factor Model for High-dimensional and Sparse Matrices from Industrial Applications

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第1期6卷 131-141页

作者： Mingsheng Shang Xin Luo Zhigang Liu Jia Chen Ye Yuan MengChu Zhou the Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Big Data Application for Smart Cities and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent ComputingChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences the School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

Latent factor(LF) models are highly effective in extracting useful knowledge from High-Dimensional and Sparse(HiDS) matrices which are commonly seen in various industrial applications. An LF model usually adopts iterative optimizers,which may consume many iterations to achieve a local optima,resulting in considerable time cost. Hence, determining how to accelerate the training process for LF models has become a significant issue. To address this, this work proposes a randomized latent factor(RLF) model. It incorporates the principle of randomized learning techniques from neural networks into the LF analysis of HiDS matrices, thereby greatly alleviating computational burden. It also extends a standard learning process for randomized neural networks in context of LF analysis to make the resulting model represent an HiDS matrix *** results on three HiDS matrices from industrial applications demonstrate that compared with state-of-the-art LF models, RLF is able to achieve significantly higher computational efficiency and comparable prediction accuracy for missing data.I provides an important alternative approach to LF analysis of HiDS matrices, which is especially desired for industrial applications demanding highly efficient models.

关键词： Big data high-dimensional and sparse matrix latent factor analysis latent factor model randomized learning

LibFewShot: A Comprehensive Library for Few-shot Learning

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Wenbin Wang, Ziyi Yang, Xuesong Dong, Chuanqi Tian, Pinzhuo Qin, Tiexin Huo, Jing Shi, Yinghuan Wang, Lei Gao, Yang Luo, Jiebo The State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University 210023 China The School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University China The Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong Australia The Department of Computer Science University of Rochester United States

Few-shot learning, especially few-shot image classification, has received increasing attention and witnessed significant advances in recent years. Some recent studies implicitly show that many generic techniques or "tricks", such as data augmentation, pre-training, knowledge distillation, and self-supervision, may greatly boost the performance of a few-shot learning method. Moreover, different works may employ different software platforms, backbone architectures and input image sizes, making fair comparisons difficult and practitioners struggle with reproducibility. To address these situations, we propose a comprehensive library for few-shot learning (LibFewShot) by re-implementing eighteen state-of-the-art few-shot learning methods in a unified framework with the same single codebase in PyTorch. Furthermore, based on LibFewShot, we provide comprehensive evaluations on multiple benchmarks with various backbone architectures to evaluate common pitfalls and effects of different training tricks. In addition, with respect to the recent doubts on the necessity of meta- or episodic-training mechanism, our evaluation results confirm that such a mechanism is still necessary especially when combined with pre-training. We hope our work can not only lower the barriers for beginners to enter the area of few-shot learning but also elucidate the effects of nontrivial tricks to facilitate intrinsic research on few-shot learning. The source code is available from https://***/RL-VIG/LibFewShot. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image classification

A comprehensive survey of research towards AI-enabled unmanned aerial systems in pre-, active-, and post-wildfire management

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Boroujeni, Sayed Pedram Haeri Razi, Abolfazl Khoshdel, Sahand Afghah, Fatemeh Coen, Janice L. O’Neill, Leo Fule, Peter Watts, Adam Kokolakis, Nick-Marios T. Vamvoudakis, Kyriakos G. School of Computing Clemson University ClemsonSC29632 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University ClemsonSC29634 United States NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO80301 United States Department of Environmental Science University of San Francisco San FranciscoCA94117 United States School of Forestry Northern Arizona University FlagstaffAZ86001 United States U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Wildland Fire Science Laboratory SeattleWA98103 United States The Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States

Wildfires have emerged as one of the most destructive natural disasters worldwide, causing catastrophic losses in both human lives and forest wildlife. The increasing severity and frequency of wildfires across the globe have underscored the urgent need to improve public knowledge and advance existing techniques in wildfire management. Recently, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in wildfires, propelled by the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and deep learning models, has created an unprecedented momentum to implement and develop more effective wildfire management. Although some of the existing survey papers have explored various learning-based approaches, a comprehensive review emphasizing the application of AI-enabled UAV systems and their subsequent impact on multi-stage wildfire management is notably lacking. This survey aims to bridge these gaps by offering a systematic review of the recent state-of-the-art technologies, highlighting the advancements of UAV systems and AI models from pre-fire, through the active-fire stage, to post-fire management. To this aim, we provide an extensive analysis of the existing remote sensing systems with a particular focus on the UAV advancements, device specifications, and sensor technologies relevant to wildfire management. We also examine the pre-fire and post-fire management approaches, including fuel monitoring, prevention strategies, as well as evacuation planning, damage assessment, and operation strategies. Additionally, we review and summarize a wide range of computer vision techniques in active-fire management, with an emphasis on Machine Learning (ML), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms for wildfire classification, segmentation, detection, and monitoring tasks. Ultimately, we underscore the substantial advancement in wildfire modeling through the integration of cutting-edge AI techniques and UAV-based data, providing novel insights and enhanced predictive capabilities to u

关键词： Reinforcement learning

Modeling and analysis of three properties of mobile interactive systems based on variable Petri nets

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yang, Ru Ding, Zhijun Jiang, Changjun Zhou, MengChu The Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Ministry of Education Tongji University The Department of Computer Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai201804 China The Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology 999078 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States

Due to the mobility and frequent disconnections, the correctness of mobile interaction systems, such as mobile robot systems and mobile payment systems, are often difficult to analyze. This paper introduces three critical properties of systems, called system connectivity, interaction soundness and data validity, and presents a related modeling and analysis method, based on a kind of Petri nets called VPN. For a given system, a model including component nets and interaction structure nets is constructed by using VPNs. The component net describes the internal process of each component, while the interaction structure net reflects the dynamic interaction between components. Based on this model, three properties are defined and analyzed. The case study of a practical mobile payment system shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Petri nets