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Inferred Cosmic-Ray Spectrum from Fermi Large Area Telescope γ-Ray Observations of Earth’s Limb

Physical Review Letters 2014年第15期112卷 151103-151103页

作者： M. Ackermann M. Ajello A. Albert A. Allafort L. Baldini G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini R. D. Blandford E. D. Bloom E. Bonamente E. Bottacini A. Bouvier T. J. Brandt M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo C. Cecchi E. Charles R. C. G. Chaves A. Chekhtman J. Chiang G. Chiaro S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad S. Cutini M. Dalton F. D’Ammando A. de Angelis F. de Palma C. D. Dermer S. W. Digel L. Di Venere E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan E. C. Ferrara W. B. Focke A. Franckowiak Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini S. Germani N. Giglietto F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey G. A. Gomez-Vargas I. A. Grenier J. E. Grove S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson D. Hadasch Y. Hanabata A. K. Harding M. Hayashida K. Hayashi J. W. Hewitt D. Horan X. Hou R. E. Hughes Y. Inoue M. S. Jackson T. Jogler G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson T. Kamae T. Kawano J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande S. Larsson L. Latronico F. Longo F. Loparco M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano M. Mayer M. N. Mazziotta J. E. McEnery J. Mehault P. F. Michelson W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia R. Nemmen E. Nuss T. Ohsugi A. Okumura M. Orienti E. Orlando J. F. Ormes D. Paneque J. H. Panetta J. S. Perkins M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron G. Pivato T. A. Porter S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano S. Razzaque A. Reimer O. Reimer S. Ritz M. Roth M. Schaal A. Schulz C. Sgrò E. J. Siskind G. Spandre P. Spinelli A. W. Strong H. Takahashi Y. Takeuchi J. G. Thayer J. B. Thayer D. J. Thompson L. Tibaldo M. Tinivella D. F. Torres G. Tosti E. Troja V. Tronconi T. L. Usher J. Vandenbroucke V. Vasileiou G. Vianello V. Vitale M. Werner B. L. Winer K. S. Wood M. Wood Z. Yang Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY D-15738 Zeuthen Germany Space Sciences Laboratory 7 Gauss Way University of California Berkeley California 94720-7450 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS) I-10133 Torino Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Center for Earth Observing and Space Research College of Science George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center I-00044 Frascati (Roma) Italy Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma)

Recent accurate measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) species by ATIC-2, CREAM, and PAMELA reveal an unexpected hardening in the proton and He spectra above a few hundred GeV, a gradual softening of the spectra just below a few hundred GeV, and a harder spectrum of He compared to that of protons. These newly discovered features may offer a clue to the origin of high-energy CRs. We use the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of the γ-ray emission from Earth’s limb for an indirect measurement of the local spectrum of CR protons in the energy range ∼90 GeV–6 TeV (derived from a photon energy range 15 GeV–1 TeV). Our analysis shows that single power law and broken power law spectra fit the data equally well and yield a proton spectrum with index 2.68±0.04 and 2.61±0.08 above ∼200 GeV, respectively.

关键词： Cosmology

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Dark matter constraints from observations of 25 Milky Way satellite galaxies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

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Physical Review D 2014年第4期89卷 042001-042001页

作者： M. Ackermann A. Albert B. Anderson L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini E. Bissaldi E. D. Bloom E. Bonamente A. Bouvier T. J. Brandt J. Bregeon M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron M. Caragiulo P. A. Caraveo C. Cecchi E. Charles A. Chekhtman J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad F. D’Ammando A. de Angelis C. D. Dermer S. W. Digel E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner R. Essig C. Favuzzi E. C. Ferrara A. Franckowiak Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Giglietto M. Giroletti G. Godfrey G. A. Gomez-Vargas I. A. Grenier S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson M. Hayashida E. Hays J. Hewitt R. E. Hughes T. Jogler T. Kamae J. Knödlseder D. Kocevski M. Kuss S. Larsson L. Latronico M. Llena Garde F. Longo F. Loparco M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano G. Martinez M. Mayer M. N. Mazziotta P. F. Michelson W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia R. Nemmen E. Nuss T. Ohsugi E. Orlando J. F. Ormes J. S. Perkins F. Piron G. Pivato T. A. Porter S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano S. Razzaque A. Reimer O. Reimer S. Ritz M. Sánchez-Conde N. Sehgal C. Sgrò E. J. Siskind P. Spinelli L. Strigari D. J. Suson H. Tajima H. Takahashi J. B. Thayer L. Tibaldo M. Tinivella D. F. Torres Y. Uchiyama T. L. Usher J. Vandenbroucke G. Vianello V. Vitale M. Werner B. L. Winer K. S. Wood M. Wood G. Zaharijas S. Zimmer Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY D-15738 Zeuthen Germany W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Stockholm University AlbaNova SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics AlbaNova SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei ” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste and Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Center for Earth Observing and Space Research College of Science George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030

The dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are some of the most dark-matter-dominated objects known. Due to their proximity, high dark matter content, and lack of astrophysical backgrounds, dwarf spheroidal galaxies are widely considered to be among the most promising targets for the indirect detection of dark matter via γ rays. Here we report on γ-ray observations of 25 Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies based on 4 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. None of the dwarf galaxies are significantly detected in γ rays, and we present γ-ray flux upper limits between 500 MeV and 500 GeV. We determine the dark matter content of 18 dwarf spheroidal galaxies from stellar kinematic data and combine LAT observations of 15 dwarf galaxies to constrain the dark matter annihilation cross section. We set some of the tightest constraints to date on the annihilation of dark matter particles with masses between 2 GeV and 10 TeV into prototypical standard model channels. We find these results to be robust against systematic uncertainties in the LAT instrument performance, diffuse γ-ray background modeling, and assumed dark matter density profile.

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ARCHoN: Adaptive range control of hotzone cells in heterogeneous cellular networks

ARCHoN: Adaptive range control of hotzone cells in heterogen...

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IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON)

作者： Ji-Hoon Yun Kang G. Shin Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea Real-Time Computing Laboratory EECS Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are typified by cellular deployments with multiple types of cells of different sizes and overlapping coverage areas using a common frequency band. Especially, hotzone cells overlaid on a macrocell to cover hotspot areas are expected to prevail in HetNets, thus cost-effectively enhancing cellular capacity via spatial reuse of spectrum resource and offloading macrocells. In order to fully achieve such benefits, users need to be properly distributed/assigned to the overlaid hotzone cells such that the radio resources therein are fully utilized. To this end, we propose a new architecture called Adaptive Range Control of Hotzone Cells for Heterogeneous Networks (ARCHoN) that jointly controls the radio resource allocations and ranges of OFDMA-based hotzone cells. The use of cell ranges for distributing users in ARCHoN is advantageous in that it can be implemented within a conventional cell-selection framework without modifying user devices or an air interface. In ARCHoN, each cell allocates users radio (frequency, time and power) resources in a non-cooperative manner, deriving a sequence of allocations monotonically decreasing the entire load. For range control, two algorithms are proposed: per-cell and universal, which have a tradeoff between performance and computational complexity. The solution yielded by the combination of these radio resource and range control algorithms is analytically proven to converge to a unique fixed point. Our in-depth evaluation has shown ARCHoN to significantly improve the service quality of users; in an example simulation scenario, ARCHoN is shown to improve the signal-to-interference and noise ratios (SINRs) of users, on average, by up to 3.5 dB in downlink and 18.8 dB in uplink, over the case of the conventional handover framework.

关键词： Macrocell networks Resource management computer architecture Vectors OFDM Interference time frequency analysis

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Efficient Sensing Matters a Lot for Large-Scale Batteries

Efficient Sensing Matters a Lot for Large-Scale Batteries

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IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)

作者： Hahnsang Kim Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

A large-scale battery pack that consists of hundreds or thousands of battery cells must be carefully monitored. Due to the divergence of cell characteristics, every cell should be monitored periodically and accurately. There are two important issues in monitoring large-scale packs. First, sensing the health condition of battery cells must be timely to capture the turning point at which the battery condition abruptly changes. Failure to capture such an important event can cause irreversible damage to the battery, especially when its State-of-Charge (SoC) is very low. Second, the more the hardware components are used, the higher the failure rate the system will suffer. The frequency of monitoring battery cells, thus, should be adjustable to the underlying load demand, considering the fact that a low load demand has a minute impact on the battery condition. We propose to address these issues via an adaptive monitoring architecture, called ADMON. ADMON lowers the sensing latency effectively, making it effective to enhance the tolerance of physical cell failures. ADMON consists of sensing, path-switching, and computing systems. The sensing system collects data from a battery-cell array. The path-switching system effectively connects a specific sensor and a micro-controller that is part of the computing system. The path-switching system is characterized by three exclusive types of topology: n-tree-based, cascaded, and parallel. The computing system is synergistically combined with the other two systems while three policies specified in the computing system are applied. The ADMON architecture is shown to outperform a non-adaptive monitoring system with respect to the battery life by 67%.

关键词： Batteries Monitoring Topology Sensors Arrays Voltage measurement

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Sidekick: AP aggregation over partially overlapping channels

Sidekick: AP aggregation over partially overlapping channels

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International Conference on Network Protocols

作者： Eugene Chai Kang G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The uncoordinated deployment of many high-bandwidth 802.11a/g/n access points (APs) in urban areas offers the potential for WLANs to be a strong complement to cellular networks in providing ubiquitous connectivity. However, given that the bandwidth of the backhaul links connected to these APs is often an order-of-magnitude lower than that of the WLAN channel, aggregating the throughput from multiple APs is often necessary in order for the client to achieve an acceptable level of network performance. In this paper, we present Sidekick - a simple and novel AP aggregation protocol that exploits effective communication between 802.11a/g/n nodes on partially overlapping channels to attain high aggregate throughput in the face of dynamic WLAN and backhaul link conditions. Sidekick is built upon Aileron, which provides an extremely reliable and low-overhead control channel over which the APs and clients can coordinate the aggregation process. The use of such a control channel over partially overlapping channels enables Sidekick to quickly respond to varying bandwidth availability and probe for new transmission opportunities with little overhead. Our evaluation results indicate that Sidekick can make more than 30% improvement in throughput over FatVAP in a variety of situations.

关键词： Schedules Bandwidth OFDM Protocols Wireless communication Modulation Wireless LAN

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On the reaction time of some synchronous systems 4

On the reaction time of some synchronous systems

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4th Interaction and Concurrency Experience, ICE 2011

作者： Garnier, Ilias Aussaguès, Christophe David, Vincent Vidal-Naquet, Guy CEA LIST Embedded Real Time Systems Laboratory Point Courrier 94 Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 France Computer Science Department Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex91192 France

This paper presents an investigation of the notion of reaction time in some synchronous systems. A state-based description of such systems is given, and the reaction time of such systems under some classic composition primitives is studied. Reaction time is shown to be non-compositional in general. Possible solutions are proposed, and applications to verification are discussed. This framework is illustrated by some examples issued from studies on real-time embedded systems. © 2011 Open Publishing Association. All rights reserved.

关键词： real time systems

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Comparison of TDNN and RNN performances for neuro-identification on small to medium-sized power systems

Comparison of TDNN and RNN performances for neuro-identifica...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications In Smart Grid

作者： Molina, Diogenes Liang, Jiaqi Harley, Ron Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA United States Real-Time Power and Intelligent System Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO 65409 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424498949

For Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to become more widely used in power systems and the future smart grids, ANN based algorithms must be capable of scaling up as they try to identify and control larger and larger parts of a power system. This paper goes through the process of scaling up an ANN based identifier as it is driven to identify increasingly larger portions of a power system. Distributed and centralized approaches for scaling up are taken and the pros and cons of each are presented. The New England/New York 68-bus power network is used as the test bed for the studies. It is shown that while a fully-connected (centralized) ANNs is capable of identification of the system with appropriate accuracy, the increase in the training times required to obtain an acceptable set of weights becomes prohibitive as the system size is increased. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Search for gamma-ray spectral lines with the Fermi Large Area Telescope and dark matter implications

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Physical Review D 2013年第8期88卷 082002-082002页

作者： M. Ackermann M. Ajello A. Albert A. Allafort L. Baldini G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini E. Bissaldi E. D. Bloom E. Bonamente E. Bottacini T. J. Brandt J. Bregeon M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo J. M. Casandjian C. Cecchi E. Charles R. C. G. Chaves A. Chekhtman J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad S. Cutini F. D’Ammando A. de Angelis F. de Palma C. D. Dermer S. W. Digel L. Di Venere P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner R. Essig C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan E. C. Ferrara W. B. Focke A. Franckowiak Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini S. Germani N. Giglietto F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey G. A. Gomez-Vargas I. A. Grenier S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson D. Hadasch M. Hayashida A. B. Hill D. Horan X. Hou R. E. Hughes Y. Inoue E. Izaguirre T. Jogler T. Kamae J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande S. Larsson L. Latronico F. Longo F. Loparco M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano D. Malyshev M. Mayer M. N. Mazziotta J. E. McEnery P. F. Michelson W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia T. Nakamori R. Nemmen E. Nuss T. Ohsugi A. Okumura N. Omodei M. Orienti E. Orlando J. F. Ormes D. Paneque J. S. Perkins M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron G. Pivato S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano S. Razzaque A. Reimer O. Reimer R. W. Romani M. Sánchez-Conde A. Schulz C. Sgrò J. Siegal-Gaskins E. J. Siskind A. Snyder G. Spandre P. Spinelli D. J. Suson H. Tajima H. Takahashi J. G. Thayer J. B. Thayer L. Tibaldo M. Tinivella G. Tosti E. Troja Y. Uchiyama T. L. Usher J. Vandenbroucke V. Vasileiou G. Vianello V. Vitale B. L. Winer K. S. Wood M. Wood Z. Yang G. Zaharijas S. Zimmer Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY D-15738 Zeuthen Germany Space Sciences Laboratory 7 Gauss Way University of California Berkeley California 94720-7450 USA Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Università di Pisa and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei ” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck A-6020 Innsbruck Austria Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 F-91128 Palaiseau France Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEE-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Center for Earth Observing and Space Research College of Science George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 resid

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are a theoretical class of particles that are excellent dark matter candidates. WIMP annihilation or decay may produce essentially monochromatic γ rays detectable by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) against the astrophysical γ-ray emission of the Galaxy. We have searched for spectral lines in the energy range 5–300 GeV using 3.7 years of data, reprocessed with updated instrument calibrations and an improved energy dispersion model compared to the previous Fermi-LAT Collaboration line searches. We searched in five regions selected to optimize sensitivity to different theoretically motivated dark matter density distributions. We did not find any globally significant lines in our a priori search regions and present 95% confidence limits for annihilation cross sections of self-conjugate WIMPs and decay lifetimes. Our most significant fit occurred at 133 GeV in our smallest search region and had a local significance of 3.3 standard deviations, which translates to a global significance of 1.5 standard deviations. We discuss potential systematic effects in this search, and examine the feature at 133 GeV in detail. We find that the use both of reprocessed data and of additional information in the energy dispersion model contributes to the reduction in significance of the linelike feature near 130 GeV relative to significances reported in other works. We also find that the feature is narrower than the LAT energy resolution at the level of 2 to 3 standard deviations, which somewhat disfavors the interpretation of the 133 GeV feature as a real WIMP signal.

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On the delay of separability in synchronous systems

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Journal Europeen des Systemes Automatises 2011年第1-3期45卷 93-108页

作者： Garnier, Ilias Aussaguès, Christophe David, Vincent Vidal-Naquet, Guy CEA LIST Embedded Real Time Systems Laboratory Point Courrier 94 F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France Computer Science Department F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France

This paper presents an investigation of the notion of reaction time in some synchronous systems. Separability encodes the observation of a functional dependency between an input and an output. A state-based description of such systems is given, and the delay of separability of such systems under sequential composition is studied. Delay of separability is shown to be non-compositional in general. Possible solutions are proposed, and applications to verification are discussed. This framework is illustrated by some examples issued from studies on real-time embedded systems. © 2011 Lavoisier, Paris.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Comparison of TDNN and RNN performances for neuro-identification on small to medium-sized power systems

Comparison of TDNN and RNN performances for neuro-identifica...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications In Smart Grid (CIASG)

作者： Diogenes Molina Jiaqi Liang Ron Harley Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Real-Time Power and Intelligent System Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA

关键词： Artificial neural networks Power system dynamics Recurrent neural networks Training Generators Testing

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