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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Raghavendra V. Kulkarni Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Maggie X. Cheng Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla USA Department of Computer Science Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla USA

Many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require location information of the randomly deployed nodes. A common solution to the localization problem is to deploy a few special beacon nodes having location awareness, which help the ordinary nodes to localize. In this approach, non-beacon nodes estimate their locations using noisy distance measurements from three or more non-collinear beacons they can receive signals from. In this paper, the ranging-based localization task is formulated as a multidimensional optimization problem, and addressed using bio-inspired algorithms, exploiting their quick convergence to quality solutions. An investigation on distributed iterative localization is presented in this paper. Here, the nodes that get localized in an iteration act as references for remaining nodes to localize. The problem has been addressed using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA). A comparison of the performances of PSO and BFA in terms of the number of nodes localized, localization accuracy and computation time is presented.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Iterative algorithms USA Councils Particle swarm optimization Mobile radio mobility management Multidimensional systems Microorganisms computerized monitoring Phase estimation Cybernetics

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Computational intelligence approach to load forecasting - a practical application for the desert of Saudi Arabia

Computational intelligence approach to load forecasting - a ...

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International Conference on computer and Information Technology (ICCIT)

作者： Suman Ahmmed Dewan Md. Fayzur Rahman Md. Khairul Hasan Ahmed Yousuf Saber Mohammad Zahidur Rahman Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Bangladesh Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jahangir Nagar University Dhaka Bangladesh

This paper presents the development of an Artificial Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO) based short-term load forecasting model with improved generalization technique for the Regional Power Control Center of Saudi Electricity Company, Western Operation Area (SEC-WOA). Weather, load demand, wind speed, wind direction, heat, sunlight, etc. are quite different in a desert land than other places. Thus this model is different from a typical forecasting model considering inputs and outputs. In this research paper two steps have been introduced, first load forecasting made by mapping mechanism and then optimization technique applied to improve its accuracy. This paper includes ANN and PSO models for 24-hours ahead load forecasting. ANN is an effective mathematical tool for mapping complex relationships. It is also successful for doing forecasting, categorization, classification, and so forth. On the other hand, PSO is the most promising optimization tool. It has better information sharing and conveying mechanism; it has better balance of local and global searching abilities; and can handle huge multi-dimensional optimization problems efficiently with hundreds of thousands of constraints. Thus PSO is chosen as the optimization model of the weight matrix of ANN. Results show that the proposed ANN-PSO performs much better than ANN for the load forecasting in a desert like Saudi Arabia.

关键词： Computational intelligence Load forecasting Artificial neural networks Predictive models Weather forecasting Wind speed Particle swarm optimization Load modeling Power control Solar heating

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Generalized neuron based secure media access control protocol for wireless sensor networks

Generalized neuron based secure media access control protoco...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, MCDM

作者： Raghavendra V. Kulkarni Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Abhishek V. Thakur Sanjay K. Madria Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA Department of Computer Science Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA

Security plays a pivotal role in most applications of wireless sensor networks. It is common to find inadequately secure networks confined only to controlled environments. The issue of security in wireless sensor networks is a hot research topic for over a decade. This paper presents a compact generalized neuron (GN) based medium access protocol that renders a CSMA/CD network secure against denial-of-service attacks launched by adversaries. The GN enhances the security by constantly monitoring multiple parameters that reflect the possibility that an attack is launched by an adversary. Particle swarm optimization, a popular bio-inspired evolutionary-like optimization algorithm is used for training the GN. The wireless sensor network is simulated using Vanderbilt Prowler, a probabilistic wireless network simulator. Simulation results show that the choice of threshold suspicion parameter impacts on the tradeoff between network effectiveness and lifetime.

关键词： Media Access Protocol Neurons Wireless application protocol Wireless sensor networks Biomedical monitoring Routing Remote monitoring Condition monitoring Intelligent sensors Access protocols

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ERRATUM: 'THE FIRST FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS' (2010, ApJS, 187, 460)

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The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 2011年第1期193卷

作者： A. A. Abdo M. Ackermann M. Ajello W. B. Atwood M. Axelsson L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini M. G. Baring D. Bastieri B. M. Baughman K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini B. Berenji R. D. Blandford E.D. Bloom E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel T. H. Burnett S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron F. Camilo P. A. Caraveo J. M. Casandjian C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik E. Charles A. Chekhtman C. C. Cheung J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus I. Cognard J. Cohen-Tanugi L. R. Cominsky J. Conrad R. Corbet S. Cutini P. R. den Hartog C. D. Dermer A. de Angelis A. de Luca F. de Palma S. W. Digel M. Dormody E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell R. Dubois D. Dumora C. Espinoza C. Farnier C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan E. C. Ferrara W. B. Focke P. Fortin M. Frailis P. C. C. Freire Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Gehrels S. Germani G. Giavitto B. Giebels N. Giglietto P. Giommi F. Giordano T. Glanzman G. Godfrey E. V. Gotthelf I. A. Grenier M.-H. Grondin J. E. Grove L. Guillemot S. Guiriec C. Gwon Y. Hanabata A. K. Harding M. Hayashida E. Hays R. E. Hughes M. S. Jackson G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson R. P. Johnson T. J. Johnson W. N. Johnson S. Johnston T. Kamae G. Kanbach V. M. Kaspi H. Katagiri J. Kataoka N. Kawai M. Kerr J. Knödlseder M. L. Kocian M. Kramer M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico M. Lemoine-Goumard M. Livingstone F. Longo F. Loparco B. Lott M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano A. G. Lyne G. M. Madejski A. Makeev R. N. Manchester M. Marelli M. N. Mazziotta W. McConville J. E. McEnery S. McGlynn C. Meurer P. F. Michelson T. Mineo W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia T. Nakamori P. L. Nolan J. P. Norris A. Noutsos E. Nuss T. Ohsugi N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes M. Ozaki D. Paneque J. H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron T. A. Porter S. Rainò R. Rando S. M. Ransom P. S. Ray M. Razzano N. Rea A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur S. Ritz A. Y. Rodriguez R. W. Romani M. Roth F. Ryde H. F.-W. Sadrozinski D. Sanchez A. Sander P. M. Sa Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA National Research Council Research Associate National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 20001 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Department of Astronomy Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics AlbaNova SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d'Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University MS-108 P.O. Box 1892 Houston TX 77251 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica 'G. Galilei ' Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica 'M. Merlin' dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195-1560 USA Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA INAF-Isti

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Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived from First-Year Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第10期104卷 101101-101101页

作者： A. A. Abdo M. Ackermann M. Ajello W. B. Atwood L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri B. M. Baughman K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini B. Berenji R. D. Blandford E. D. Bloom E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel T. H. Burnett S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo J. M. Casandjian E. Cavazzuti C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik E. Charles A. Chekhtman C. C. Cheung J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi L. R. Cominsky J. Conrad S. Cutini C. D. Dermer A. de Angelis F. de Palma S. W. Digel G. Di Bernardo E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner R. Dubois D. Dumora C. Farnier C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan W. B. Focke P. Fortin M. Frailis Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco D. Gaggero F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Gehrels S. Germani B. Giebels N. Giglietto P. Giommi F. Giordano T. Glanzman G. Godfrey I. A. Grenier M.-H. Grondin J. E. Grove L. Guillemot S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson Y. Hanabata A. K. Harding M. Hayashida R. E. Hughes R. Itoh M. S. Jackson G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson R. P. Johnson T. J. Johnson W. N. Johnson T. Kamae H. Katagiri J. Kataoka N. Kawai M. Kerr J. Knödlseder M. L. Kocian F. Kuehn M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico M. Lemoine-Goumard F. Longo F. Loparco B. Lott M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano G. M. Madejski A. Makeev M. N. Mazziotta W. McConville J. E. McEnery C. Meurer P. F. Michelson W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia P. L. Nolan J. P. Norris E. Nuss T. Ohsugi N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes D. Paneque J. H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron T. A. Porter S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur S. Ritz L. S. Rochester A. Y. Rodriguez M. Roth F. Ryde H. F.-W. Sadrozinski D. Sanchez A. Sander P. M. Saz Parkinson J. D. Scargle A. Sellerholm C. Sgrò M. S. Shaw E. J. Siskind D. A. Smith P. D. Smith G. Spandre P. Spinelli J.-L. Starck M. S. Strickman A. W. Strong D. J. Suson H. Tajima H. Takahashi T. Takahashi T. Tanaka J. B. Thayer J. G. Thayer D. J. Thompson L. Tibald Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington D.C. 20375 USA National Research Council Research Associate National Academy of Sciences Washington D.C. 20001 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei ” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-1560 USA Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center I-00044 Frascati (Roma) Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Center for Res

We report on the first Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) measurements of the so-called “extragalactic” diffuse γ-ray emission (EGB). This component of the diffuse γ-ray emission is generally considered to have an isotropic or nearly isotropic distribution on the sky with diverse contributions discussed in the literature. The derivation of the EGB is based on detailed modeling of the bright foreground diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, the detected LAT sources, and the solar γ-ray emission. We find the spectrum of the EGB is consistent with a power law with a differential spectral index γ=2.41±0.05 and intensity I(>100 MeV)=(1.03±0.17)×10−5 cm−2 s−1 sr−1, where the error is systematics dominated. Our EGB spectrum is featureless, less intense, and softer than that derived from EGRET data.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Fermi Large Area Telescope Search for Photon Lines from 30 to 200 GeV and Dark Matter Implications

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Physical Review Letters 2010年第9期104卷 091302-091302页

作者： A. A. Abdo M. Ackermann M. Ajello W. B. Atwood L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini B. Berenji E. D. Bloom E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland A. Bouvier J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel T. H. Burnett S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo S. Carrigan J. M. Casandjian C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik A. Chekhtman J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad C. D. Dermer A. de Angelis F. de Palma S. W. Digel E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner R. Dubois D. Dumora Y. Edmonds R. Essig C. Farnier C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan W. B. Focke P. Fortin M. Frailis Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Gehrels S. Germani N. Giglietto F. Giordano T. Glanzman G. Godfrey I. A. Grenier J. E. Grove L. Guillemot S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson D. Hadasch A. K. Harding D. Horan R. E. Hughes M. S. Jackson G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson R. P. Johnson W. N. Johnson T. Kamae H. Katagiri J. Kataoka N. Kawai M. Kerr J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico M. Llena Garde F. Longo F. Loparco B. Lott M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano A. Makeev M. N. Mazziotta J. E. McEnery C. Meurer P. F. Michelson W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia P. L. Nolan J. P. Norris E. Nuss T. Ohsugi N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes M. Ozaki D. Paneque J. H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur J. Ripken S. Ritz A. Y. Rodriguez M. Roth H. F.-W. Sadrozinski A. Sander P. M. Saz Parkinson J. D. Scargle T. L. Schalk A. Sellerholm C. Sgrò E. J. Siskind D. A. Smith P. D. Smith G. Spandre P. Spinelli J.-L. Starck M. S. Strickman D. J. Suson H. Tajima H. Takahashi T. Tanaka J. B. Thayer J. G. Thayer L. Tibaldo D. F. Torres Y. Uchiyama T. L. Usher V. Vasileiou N. Vilchez V. Vitale A. P. Waite P. Wang B. L. Winer K. S. Wood T. Ylinen M. Ziegler Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington D.C. 20375 USA National Research Council Research Associate National Academy of Sciences Washington D.C. 20001 USA W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France USA Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-1560 USA Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology Uni

Dark matter (DM) particle annihilation or decay can produce monochromatic γ rays readily distinguishable from astrophysical sources. γ-ray line limits from 30 to 200 GeV obtained from 11 months of Fermi Large Area Space Telescope data from 20–300 GeV are presented using a selection based on requirements for a γ-ray line analysis, and integrated over most of the sky. We obtain γ-ray line flux upper limits in the range 0.6–4.5×10−9 cm−2 s−1, and give corresponding DM annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime limits. Theoretical implications are briefly discussed.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Fast discovery of spectrum opportunities in cognitive radio networks

Fast discovery of spectrum opportunities in cognitive radio ...

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2008 3rd IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, DySPAN 2008

作者： Kim, Hyoil Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2121 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424420179

We address the problem of rapidly discovering spectrum opportunities for seamless service provisioning for secondary users (SUs) in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Specifically, we propose an efficient sensing-sequence that incurs a small opportunity-discovery delay by considering (1) the probability that a spectrum band (or a channel) may be available at the time of sensing, (2) the duration of sensing on a channel, and (3) the channel capacity. We derive the optimal sensing-sequence for channels with homogeneous capacities, and a suboptimal sequence for channels with heterogeneous capacities for which the problem of finding the optimal sensing-sequence is shown to be NP-hard. To support the proposed sensing-sequence, we also propose a channel-management strategy that optimally selects and updates the list of backup channels. A hybrid of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference is also introduced for flexible estimation of ON/OFF channel-usage patterns and prediction of channel availability when sensing produces infrequent samples. The proposed schemes are evaluated via in-depth simulation. For the scenarios we considered, the proposed suboptimal sequence is shown to achieve close-to-optimal performance, reducing the opportunity-discovery delay by up to 47% over an existing probability-based sequence. The hybrid estimation strategy is also shown to outperform the ML-only strategy by reducing the overall opportunity-discovery delay by up to 34%. ©2008 IEEE.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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ARCMA: Attack-resilient collaborative message authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks 08

ARCMA: Attack-resilient collaborative message authentication...

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4th International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks, SecureComm'08

作者： Cho, Min-Gyu Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2121 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582412

Data Centric Storage (DCS) is a well-known data storage and query processing mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), storing sensed data or their metadata at pre-specified locations. Queries issued by mobile users are sent to, and processed at, such storage nodes. However, securing DCS is very difficult because WSNs usually operate in an unattended environment and hence are subject to node-capture attacks. Even after capturing a single node, an attacker may be able to subvert the entire system by using the keying material extracted from the captured node. To remedy/alleviate the above problem, we propose Attack-Resilient Collaborative Message Authentication (ARCMA), in which sensor nodes collaboratively authenticate messages to be sent to, or received from, remote nodes. In ARCMA, each node belongs to one of k groups, and constructs an Authentication Tree (AT) which is formed with k nodes, each from a distinct group. Each node collaborates with the other nodes in its AT to authenticate messages. We propose two heuristics, called MIN and OPT, to construct ATs. Our analysis shows that the security of ARCMA does not degrade until the attacker capture k or more nodes. We also evaluate the overhead of constructing ATs and the cost of authenticating messages using ATs. Copyright 2008 ACM.

关键词： Authentication

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Fermi LAT observations of cosmic-ray electrons from 7 GeV to 1 TeV

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Physical Review D 2010年第9期82卷 092004-092004页

作者： M. Ackermann M. Ajello W. B. Atwood L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri B. M. Baughman K. Bechtol F. Bellardi R. Bellazzini F. Belli B. Berenji R. D. Blandford E. D. Bloom J. R. Bogart E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland T. J. Brandt J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler T. H. Burnett G. Busetto S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo P. Carlson S. Carrigan J. M. Casandjian M. Ceccanti C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik E. Charles A. Chekhtman C. C. Cheung J. Chiang A. N. Cillis S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad R. Corbet M. DeKlotz C. D. Dermer A. de Angelis F. de Palma S. W. Digel G. Di Bernardo E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell A. Drlica-Wagner R. Dubois D. Fabiani C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan P. Fortin Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco D. Gaggero F. Gargano D. Gasparrini N. Gehrels S. Germani N. Giglietto P. Giommi F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey D. Grasso I. A. Grenier M.-H. Grondin J. E. Grove S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson D. Hadasch A. K. Harding M. Hayashida E. Hays D. Horan R. E. Hughes G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson R. P. Johnson W. N. Johnson T. Kamae H. Katagiri J. Kataoka M. Kerr J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico M. Lemoine-Goumard M. Llena Garde F. Longo F. Loparco B. Lott M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano A. Makeev M. N. Mazziotta J. E. McEnery J. Mehault P. F. Michelson M. Minuti W. Mitthumsiri T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani E. Moretti A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia T. Nakamori M. Naumann-Godo P. L. Nolan J. P. Norris E. Nuss T. Ohsugi A. Okumura N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes M. Ozaki D. Paneque J. H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins V. Petrosian M. Pinchera F. Piron T. A. Porter S. Profumo S. Rainò R. Rando E. Rapposelli M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur J. Ripken S. Ritz L. S. Rochester R. W. Romani M. Roth H. F.-W. Sadrozinski N. Saggini D. Sanchez A. Sander C. Sgrò E. J. Siskind P. D. Smith G. Spandre P. Spinelli Ł. Stawarz T. E. Stephens M. S. Strickman A. W. Strong D. J. Suson H. Tajima H. Takahashi T. Takahash W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata” I-00133 Roma Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma “Tor Vergata” I-00133 Roma Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements CNRS/UPS BP 44346 F-30128 Toulouse Cedex 4 France Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École Polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-1560 USA Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy Department of Physics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) AlbaNova SE-106 91 Sto

We present the results of our analysis of cosmic-ray electrons using about 8×106 electron candidates detected in the first 12 months on-orbit by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This work extends our previously published cosmic-ray electron spectrum down to 7 GeV, giving a spectral range of approximately 2.5 decades up to 1 TeV. We describe in detail the analysis and its validation using beam-test and on-orbit data. In addition, we describe the spectrum measured via a subset of events selected for the best energy resolution as a cross-check on the measurement using the full event sample. Our electron spectrum can be described with a power law ∝E−3.08±0.05 with no prominent spectral features within systematic uncertainties. Within the limits of our uncertainties, we can accommodate a slight spectral hardening at around 100 GeV and a slight softening above 500 GeV.

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Searches for cosmic-ray electron anisotropies with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

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Physical Review D 2010年第9期82卷 092003-092003页

作者： M. Ackermann M. Ajello W. B. Atwood L. Baldini J. Ballet G. Barbiellini D. Bastieri K. Bechtol R. Bellazzini B. Berenji E. D. Bloom E. Bonamente A. W. Borgland A. Bouvier J. Bregeon A. Brez M. Brigida P. Bruel R. Buehler T. H. Burnett S. Buson G. A. Caliandro R. A. Cameron P. A. Caraveo S. Carrigan J. M. Casandjian C. Cecchi Ö. Çelik E. Charles A. Chekhtman C. C. Cheung J. Chiang S. Ciprini R. Claus J. Cohen-Tanugi J. Conrad A. Cuoco C. D. Dermer A. de Angelis F. de Palma S. W. Digel G. Di Bernardo E. do Couto e Silva P. S. Drell R. Dubois C. Favuzzi S. J. Fegan W. B. Focke M. Frailis Y. Fukazawa S. Funk P. Fusco D. Gaggero F. Gargano S. Germani N. Giglietto P. Giommi F. Giordano M. Giroletti T. Glanzman G. Godfrey D. Grasso I. A. Grenier J. E. Grove S. Guiriec M. Gustafsson D. Hadasch A. K. Harding K. Hayashi E. Hays R. E. Hughes G. Jóhannesson A. S. Johnson W. N. Johnson T. Kamae H. Katagiri J. Kataoka M. Kerr J. Knödlseder M. Kuss J. Lande L. Latronico S.-H. Lee M. Lemoine-Goumard M. Llena Garde F. Longo F. Loparco M. N. Lovellette P. Lubrano A. Makeev M. N. Mazziotta J. E. McEnery J. Mehault P. F. Michelson T. Mizuno A. A. Moiseev C. Monte M. E. Monzani E. Moretti A. Morselli I. V. Moskalenko S. Murgia T. Nakamori M. Naumann-Godo P. L. Nolan E. Nuss T. Ohsugi A. Okumura N. Omodei E. Orlando J. F. Ormes D. Paneque J. H. Panetta D. Parent V. Pelassa M. Pepe M. Pesce-Rollins F. Piron T. A. Porter S. Profumo S. Rainò R. Rando M. Razzano A. Reimer O. Reimer T. Reposeur J. Ripken S. Ritz M. Roth H. F.-W. Sadrozinski A. Sander T. L. Schalk C. Sgrò J. Siegal-Gaskins E. J. Siskind D. A. Smith P. D. Smith G. Spandre P. Spinelli M. S. Strickman A. W. Strong D. J. Suson H. Takahashi T. Takahashi T. Tanaka J. B. Thayer J. G. Thayer D. J. Thompson L. Tibaldo D. F. Torres G. Tosti A. Tramacere Y. Uchiyama T. L. Usher J. Vandenbroucke V. Vasileiou N. Vilchez V. Vitale A. P. Waite P. Wang B. L. Winer K. S. Wood Z. Yang T. Ylinen G. Zaharijas M. Ziegler W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California 95064 USA Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste I-34127 Trieste Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei ” Università di Padova I-35131 Padova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia I-06123 Perugia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari I-70126 Bari Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari 70126 Bari Italy Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 Palaiseau France Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195-1560 USA Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC) Campus UAB 08193 Barcelona Spain INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica I-20133 Milano Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 USA Department of Physics and Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA Space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington D.C. 20375 USA George Mason University Fairfax Virgin

The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite (Fermi LAT) detected more than 1.6×106 cosmic-ray electrons/positrons with energies above 60 GeV during its first year of operation. The arrival directions of these events were searched for anisotropies of angular scale extending from ∼10° up to 90°, and of minimum energy extending from 60 GeV up to 480 GeV. Two independent techniques were used to search for anisotropies, both resulting in null results. Upper limits on the degree of the anisotropy were set that depended on the analyzed energy range and on the anisotropy’s angular scale. The upper limits for a dipole anisotropy ranged from ∼0.5% to ∼10%.

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