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MONITORING AND DEBUGGING DISTRIBUTED real-time PROGRAMS

SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1992年第10期22卷 863-877页

作者： DODD, PS RAVISHANKAR, CV Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-2122 U.S.A.

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an integrated monitoring and debugging system for a distributed real-time computer system. The monitor provides continuous, transparent monitoring capabilities throughout a real-time system's lifecycle with bounded, minimal, predictable interference by using software support. The monitor is flexible enough to observe both high-level events that are operating system- and application-specific, as well as low-level events such as shared variable references. We present a novel approach to monitoring shared variable references that provides transparent monitoring with low overhead. The monitor is designed to support tasks such as debugging real-time applications, aiding real-time task scheduling, and measuring system performance. Since debugging distributed real-time applications is particularly difficult, we describe how the monitor can be used to debug distributed and parallel applications by deterministic execution replay.

关键词： PROGRAM MONITORING DEBUGGING real-time SYSTEMS

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Modeling resource contention among distributed periodic processes 4

Modeling resource contention among distributed periodic proc...

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4th IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, SPDP 1992

作者： Welch, Lonnie R. Stoyenko, Alexander D. Marlowe, Thomas J. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818632003

Modern real-time systems consist of distributed periodic processes that have critical timing constraints and share replicated resources. A mathematical model of the resource requirements of periodic processes that are specified using RT-Chari [9] is described. We provide novel techniques for computing "rates of progress" for clients of resources and show how to use the rates to predict the execution times of processes. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： real time systems

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real-time COMMUNICATION IN LOCAL AREA RING NETWORKS 17

REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION IN LOCAL AREA RING NETWORKS

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17TH CONF ON LOCAL computer NETWORKS

作者： ZHENG, Q SHIN, KG Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109-2122 MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818630957

timed token protocols are almost exclusively used for medium access control in local area ring networks. We consider in this paper the feasibility of using buffered transmission which has the advantages of eliminating the token passing overhead and relieving the network interface from the complex token handling operations. By establishing real-time channels (each of which is a unidirectional virtual connection), the end- to-end delivery delay of real-time packets can also be controlled more flexibly than the timed token protocols. We first review the concept of real-time channel (RTC) and the RTC establishment procedures. Its performance is then compared with the FDDI timed token protocol. Our simulation results show that the buffered transmission in local area ring networks equipped with real-time channels enhances both the networks' throughput and the ability to support heterogeneous real-time traffic. The implementation of the network interface is also examined with an example design showing the feasibility of real-time channels in high-speed local area networks. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Medium access control

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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF real-time COMMUNICATION FOR FIELDBUS BASED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 17

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION FOR FIELDBU...

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17TH CONF ON LOCAL computer NETWORKS

作者： SHIN, KG CHOU, CC Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109-2122 MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818630957

It is well-known that the ability to support predictable inter-process communication is of great significance to manufacturing and process control systems. In this paper, we propose a strategy for a soon-to-be industrial standard, the SP-50 Field Bus, to support both intra-cell and inter-cell real-time communications. We first describe our strategy in detail and show that it is compatible with the current FieldBus draft proposal. Under our strategy, the capacity of each link is divided into two parts. The first part is managed by the local Link Active Scheduler (LAS) for intra-cell (intra-link) communication. The second part is managed by the global network manager for inter-cell (inter-link) communication. By dividing the link capacity in this way, our strategy can allow for fast local intra-cell connection establishment, while supporting global inter- cell connections. Numerical examples are also given for a typical manufacturing network. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： computer COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS FIELDBUS real-time COMMUNICATION real-time CHANNEL

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Allocation of periodic task modules with precedence and deadline constraints in distributed real-time systems

Allocation of periodic task modules with precedence and dead...

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1992 real-time Systems Symposium, RTSS 1992

作者： Hou, Chao-Ju Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818631953

This papei addresses the problem of allocating (assigning and scheduling) periodic task modules to processing nodes (PNs) in distributed real-time systems subject to task precedence and timing constraints. Using the branch-and-bound technique, a module allocation algorithm (MAA) is proposed to find an "optimal" allocation that maximizes the probability of meeting task deadlines. The task system within a planning cycle is first modeled with a task flow graph (TG) which describes computation and communication modules as well as the precedence constraints among them. To incorporate both timing and logical correctness into module allocation, the probability of meeting task deadlines is used as the objective function. The MAA is then applied to find an optimal allocation of task modules in a distributed system. The timing aspects embedded in the objective function drive the MAA not only to assign task modules to PNs, but also to use a module scheduling algorithm (MSA) (with polynomial time complexity) for scheduling all modules assigned to each PN so that all tasks may be completed in time. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed algorithms. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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Communication-oriented assignment of task modules in hypercubic multicomputers 12

Communication-oriented assignment of task modules in hypercu...

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12th International Conference on Distributed computing Systems, ICDCS 1992

作者： Tsai, Bing-Rung Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818628650

The problem of mapping a task that is composed of interacting modules onto a hypercube multicomputer is formulated and solved by minimizing an objective function called the communication traffic. The objective function allows module assignments to be found with the usual straightforward combinatorial optimization techniques. The problem of finding an assignment that minimizes the communication traffic is proved to be NP-hard, so a standard state-space search algorithm as well as other heuristic algorithms are used to find optimal/suboptimal solutions. The relative performances of various algorithms are evaluated using simulations. The assignments obtained from these algorithms are evaluated using an event-driven simulator to learn how they perform in real-world execution environments. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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Assignment of ADT modules to processors

Assignment of ADT modules to processors

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International Symposium on Parallel Processing

作者： L.R. Welch Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology USA

The utilization of reusable software components can help to reduce the complexity of developing and maintaining parallel programs, but can lead to inefficiencies. The potential inefficiencies are addressed by providing a model of parallel execution (asynchronous remote procedure call, or ARPC) that not only speeds up programs, but also encourages the development of layered software by increasing parallelism in correspondence to increases in layering. The paper presents an efficient algorithm for assigning the reusable modules of a program to the processing elements of a parallel computer that supports ARPC. The objectives of the assignment algorithm are to permit maximum inter-module parallelism with the fewest possible PEs, and to prevent deadlock. The algorithm differs from previous solutions to the assignment problem in that the modules to be assigned are generic abstract data type modules, not procedures, tasks, or processes.< >

关键词： Concurrent computing Software reusability Software maintenance System recovery Parallel processing Laboratories information science Software algorithms computer architecture Distributed computing

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An integrated system for real-time software

An integrated system for real-time software

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International Conference on Systems Integration

作者： L.R. Welch Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology USA

A language supporting the construction of real-time software systems for reusable components is described in this paper. An architecture suited to the efficient execution of such software is also described. Additionally, the author provides a framework for analyzing real-time systems developed and executed in this context. Specifically, the assignment of modules to the processors of a parallel machine is considered and the analysis of programs to determine if deadlines are met is discussed.< >

关键词： real time systems Software systems Software tools Laboratories information science computer architecture Parallel machines Software reusability Concurrent computing Processor scheduling

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Hard Deadlines in real-time Control Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第20期25卷 9-14页

作者： Kang G. Shin Hagbae Kim Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122

In a real-time control system where the control input is computed by a controller computer, the transient computer failures caused by an electromagnetic interference may seriously affect system stability. The faulty controller computer causes either a long delay in the feedback loop thus failing to update the control input for one or more sampling intervals, or control input disturbances by updating the control inputincorrectly until the fault is handled properly. If the period of this abnormal behavior exceeds a certain limit called a hard deadline, either the necessary conditions for system stability will be violated or the system willleave the allowed state space. In such a case a dynamic failure is said to occur in the system. We present a method for deriving hard deadlines for linear time-invariant control systems by examining the stability of the state difference equations resulting from the modification of the original state equations with an assumed maximum delay and several random sequences that represent the effects of stationary occurrences of the disturbances to, as well as the random delays of, the control input. Moreover, a one-shot event model, in which a single long-lasting fault causes a dynamic failure, is presented based on the state trajectory and the allowed state space.

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Development and integration of a concurrently executing interactive user interface for the I-STAT protable clinical analyzer: A case study in real-time systems integration

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Journal of Systems Integration 1992年第4期2卷 349-387页

作者： Gibson, Paul A. Stoyenko, Alexander D. I-STAT Limited Princeton 08540 NJ United States Real-Time Computing Laboratory Institute for Integrated Systems Research University Heights Newark 07102 NJ United States Department of Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology University Heights Newark 07102 NJ United States

A novel real-time scheduler was developed to implement an interactive user interface for an existing state-of-the-art, hand-held blood analyzer. A software-timer-based scheduler was designed and implemented and guaranteed schedulability analysis performed to ensure that all hard execution deadlines could be met at run time. An execution bandwidth preservation mechanism that increases the robustness and predictability of the scheduler is presented. The paper is a case study that describes the design and development process from a point of view that emphasizes the importance of the systems integration issues that were encountered. © 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

关键词： automated health sector applications predictable real-time systems real-time systems integration schedulability analysis

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