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Covert Communications with Enhanced Physical Layer Security in RIS-Assisted Cooperative Networks

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Li, Xingwang Liu, Musen Dang, Shuping Luong, Nguyen Cong Yuen, Chau Nallanathan, Arumugam Niyato, Dusit Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jiaozuo454003 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing210096 China Jiaozuo Key Laboratory of Crow-Sensing Network Jiaozuo454003 China University of Bristol School of Electrical Electronic and Mechanical Engineering BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom Phenikaa University Faculty of Computer Science Hanoi12116 Viet Nam Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 639798 Singapore Queen Mary University of London School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science London United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of Nanyang Technological University Singapore College of Computing and Data Science 639798 Singapore

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) technologies are recognized for their programmability and high energy efficiency respectively, which will be the key parts of the future sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technology. The combination of the two technologies can improve communication security by reducing the probability of detection and decoding through enhanced transmission and backscatter transmission in different communication slots. In this paper, a dual-function RIS that supports cooperative relaying for covert communications is proposed. It operates in different communication slots (enhanced transmission slot and backscatter slot), but the performance is affected by phase errors due to function switching. A source covertly communicates with an intended destination via the help of RIS and cooperative relay. There is an illegal monitor aims to detect and eavesdrop the covert message. For this system, the outage probability (OP), intercept probability (IP), and detection error probability (DEP) in different communication slots are derived to examine the system reliability and security. Moreover, the system security probability (SSP) is proposed, and a block coordinated ascent (BCA)-based iterative algorithm is used to jointly optimize the power allocation coefficients to maximize the SSP. Simulation results show that increasing the number of elements can improve the security performance and mitigate the negative impact of RIS phase errors. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile telecommunication systems

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Continual Reinforcement Learning for Digital Twin Synchronization Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tong, Haonan Chen, Mingzhe Zhao, Jun Hu, Ye Yang, Zhaohui Liu, Yuchen Yin, Changchuan The Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence The Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou310027 China The Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States The Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence China The Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

This article investigates the adaptive resource allocation scheme for digital twin (DT) synchronization optimization over dynamic wireless networks. In our considered model, a base station (BS) continuously collects factory physical object state data from wireless devices to build a real-time virtual DT system for factory event analysis. Due to continuous data transmission, maintaining DT synchronization must use extensive wireless resources. To address this issue, a subset of devices is selected to transmit their sensing data, and resource block (RB) allocation is optimized. This problem is formulated as a constrained Markov process (CMDP) problem that minimizes the long-term mismatch between the physical and virtual systems. To solve this CMDP, we first transform the problem into a dual problem that refines RB constraint impacts on device scheduling strategies. We then propose a continual reinforcement learning (CRL) algorithm to solve the dual problem. The CRL algorithm learns a stable policy across historical experiences for quick adaptation to dynamics in physical states and network capacity. Simulation results show that the CRL can adapt quickly to network capacity changes and reduce normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between physical and virtual states by up to 55.2%, using the same RB number as traditional methods. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Markov processes

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Invisible sensing of vehicle steering with smartphones 15

Invisible sensing of vehicle steering with smartphones

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13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, MobiSys 2015

作者： Chen, Dongyao Cho, Kyong-Tak Han, Sihui Jin, Zhizhuo Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450334945

Detecting how a vehicle is steered and then alarming drivers in real time is of utmost importance to the vehicle and the driver's safety, since fatal accidents are often caused by dangerous steering. Existing solutions for detecting dangerous maneuvers are implemented either in only high-end vehicles or on smartphones as mobile applications. However, most of them rely on the use of cameras, the performance of which is seriously constrained by their high visibility requirement. Moreover, such an over/sole-reliance on the use of cameras can be a distraction to the driver. To alleviate these problems, we develop a vehicle steering detection middleware called V-Sense which can run on commodity smartphones without additional sensors or infrastructure support. Instead of using cameras, the core of V-Sense senses a vehicle's steering by only utilizing non- vision sensors on the smartphone. We design and evaluate algorithms for detecting and di erentiating various vehicle maneuvers, including lane-changes, turns, and driving on curvy roads. Since V-Sense does not rely on use of cameras, its detection of vehicle steering is not a ected by the (in)visibility of road objects or other vehicles. We first detail the design, implementation and evaluation of V-Sense and then demonstrate its practicality with two prevalent use cases: camera-free steering detection and fine-grained lane guidance. Our extensive evaluation results show that V- Sense is accurate in determining and di erentiating various steering maneuvers, and is thus useful for a wide range of safety-assistance applications without additional sensors or infrastructure. Copyright © 2015 ACM.

关键词： Smartphones

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QoS negotiation in real-time systems and its application to automated flight control

QoS negotiation in real-time systems and its application to ...

引用

3rd IEEE real-time Technology and Applications Symposium

作者： Abdelzaher, TF Atkins, EM Shin, KG Real- Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818680164

We propose a model for quality-of-service (QoS) negotiation in building real-time services to meet both predictability and graceful degradation requirements. QoS negotiation is shown to (i) outperform conventional ''binary'' admission control schemes (either guaranteeing the required QoS or rejecting the service request), and (ii) achieve higher application-perceived system utility. We incorporated the proposed QoS-negotiation model into an example realtime middleware service, called RTPOOL, which manages a distributed pool of shared computing resources (processors) to guarantee timeliness QoS for real-time applications. The efficacy and power of QoS negotiation are demonstrated for an automated flight control system implemented on a network of PCs running RTPOOL. This system is used to fly an F-16 fighter aircraft modeled using the Aerial Combat (ACM) F-16 Flight Simulator. Experimental results indicate that QoS negotiation, while maintaining real-time guarantees, enables graceful QoS degradation under conditions in which traditional schedulability analysis and admission control schemes fail.

关键词： real time systems

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An efficient semaphore implementation scheme for small-memory embedded systems

An efficient semaphore implementation scheme for small-memor...

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3rd IEEE real-time Technology and Applications Symposium

作者： Zuberi, KM Shin, KG Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818680164

In object-oriented programming, updates to the state variables of objects (by the methods of the object) have to be protected through semaphores to ensure mutual exclusion. Semaphore operations are invoked each time an, object is accessed, and this represents significant run-time overhead. This a's of special concern in cost-conscious, small-size embedded systems such as those used in automotive applications - where costs must be kept to an absolute minimum. Object-oriented programming can be feasible an such applications only if the OS provides efficient, lour-overhead semaphores. We present a new semaphore implementation scheme which saves one context switch per semaphore lod operation in most circumstances and gives performance improvements of 18-25% over traditional semaphore implementation schemes.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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real-time COMMUNICATION IN LOCAL AREA RING NETWORKS 17

REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION IN LOCAL AREA RING NETWORKS

引用

17TH CONF ON LOCAL computer NETWORKS

作者： ZHENG, Q SHIN, KG Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109-2122 MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818630957

timed token protocols are almost exclusively used for medium access control in local area ring networks. We consider in this paper the feasibility of using buffered transmission which has the advantages of eliminating the token passing overhead and relieving the network interface from the complex token handling operations. By establishing real-time channels (each of which is a unidirectional virtual connection), the end- to-end delivery delay of real-time packets can also be controlled more flexibly than the timed token protocols. We first review the concept of real-time channel (RTC) and the RTC establishment procedures. Its performance is then compared with the FDDI timed token protocol. Our simulation results show that the buffered transmission in local area ring networks equipped with real-time channels enhances both the networks' throughput and the ability to support heterogeneous real-time traffic. The implementation of the network interface is also examined with an example design showing the feasibility of real-time channels in high-speed local area networks. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： Medium access control

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Deterministic fault injection of distributed systems

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International Workshop on Theory and Practice in Distributed Systems

作者： Dawson, S Jahanian, F Real-Time Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109-2122 MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540600426

Ensuring that a system meets its prescribed specification is a growing challenge that confronts software developers and system engineers. Meeting this challenge is particularly important for distributed systems with strict dependability and timeliness constraints. This paper presents a technique, called script-driven probing and fault injection, for the evaluation and validation of dependable protocols. The proposed approach can be used to demonstrate three aspects of a target protocol: i) detection of design or implementation errors, ii) identification of violations of protocol specifications, and iii) insight into design decisions made by the implementers. To demonstrate the capabilities of this technique, the paper briefly describes a probing and fault injection tool called the PFI tool, and several experiments on two protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [4, 24] and the Group Membership Protocol (GMP) [19]. The tool can be used to delay, drop, reorder, duplicate, and modify messages. It can also introduce new messages into the system to probe participants. In the case of TCP, we used the PFI tool to duplicate the experiments reported in [7] on several TCP implementations without access to the vendors' TCP source code in a very short time. We also ran several new experiments that are difficult to perform using past approaches based on packet monitoring and filtering. In the case of GMP, we used the tool to test the fault-tolerance capabilities of an implementation under various failure models including daemon/link crash, send/receive omissions, and timing failures. Furthermore, by selective reordering of messages and spontaneous transmission of new messages, we were able to guide a distributed computation into hard to reach global states without instrumenting the protocol implementation.

关键词： Transmission control protocol

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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF real-time COMMUNICATION FOR FIELDBUS BASED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 17

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION FOR FIELDBU...

引用

17TH CONF ON LOCAL computer NETWORKS

作者： SHIN, KG CHOU, CC Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109-2122 MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818630957

It is well-known that the ability to support predictable inter-process communication is of great significance to manufacturing and process control systems. In this paper, we propose a strategy for a soon-to-be industrial standard, the SP-50 Field Bus, to support both intra-cell and inter-cell real-time communications. We first describe our strategy in detail and show that it is compatible with the current FieldBus draft proposal. Under our strategy, the capacity of each link is divided into two parts. The first part is managed by the local Link Active Scheduler (LAS) for intra-cell (intra-link) communication. The second part is managed by the global network manager for inter-cell (inter-link) communication. By dividing the link capacity in this way, our strategy can allow for fast local intra-cell connection establishment, while supporting global inter- cell connections. Numerical examples are also given for a typical manufacturing network. © 1992 IEEE.

关键词： computer COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS FIELDBUS real-time COMMUNICATION real-time CHANNEL

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The role of GPT in promoting inclusive higher education for people with various learning disabilities: a review

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PeerJ computer science 2025年 11卷 e2400-e2400页

作者： Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Yenduri, Gokul Kaluri, Rajesh Rajput, Dharmendra Singh Lakshmanna, Kuruva Fang, Kai Chen, Junxin Wang, Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology University Tamil Nadu India Zhongda Group Jiaxing China College of Information Science and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara India School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP University Andhra Pradesh Amaravati India School of Mathematics and Computer Science Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University Hangzhou China School of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotional Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China

The generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a notable breakthrough in the field of artificial intelligence, as it empowers machines to effectively comprehend and engage in interactions with humans. The GPT exhibits the capacity to enhance inclusivity and accessibility for students with learning disabilities in the context of higher education, hence potentially facilitating substantial advancements in the field. GPT can provide personalized and diverse solutions that successfully cater to the distinct requirements of students with learning disabilities. This motivated us to conduct an extensive review to assess the effectiveness of GPT in enhancing accessibility and inclusivity in higher education for students with learning disabilities. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the GPT and its significance for enhancing inclusivity in the field of higher education. In this research, we also examined the possible challenges and constraints associated with the integration of GPT into inclusive higher education, along with potential solutions. Overall, this review is intended for educators, students with and without learning disabilities, policymakers, higher education institutes, researchers, and educational technology developers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of GPT in promoting inclusive higher education for people with various learning disabilities, its impacts on inclusive higher education, emerging challenges, and potential solutions. Copyright 2025 Gadekallu et al.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Comment on a pre-run-time scheduling algorithm for hard real-time systems

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IEEE Transactions on Software engineering 1997年第9期23卷 599-600页

作者： Abdelzaher, Tarek F. Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

In Shepard and Gagne [1], a branch-and-bound implicit enumeration algorithm is described whose purpose is to generate a feasible schedule, if any, for each processor on a multiprocessing node running hard real-time processes. The optimization criterion is to minimize process lateness defined as the difference between the process completion time and deadline. We show in this correspondence that this algorithm does not always succeed in finding a feasible solution, and describe the reason why the algorithm might fail. © 1997 IEEE.

关键词： Branch and bound scheduling algorithm Hard real-time systems Multiprocessors Pre-run-time scheduling Precedence constraints

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