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Hypercube management in the presence of node failures 3

Hypercube management in the presence of node failures

引用

3rd Conference on Hypercube Concurrent computers and Applications, C3P 1988

作者： Kandlur, Dilip D. Shin, Kang G. Real-time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897912780

The problem of allocation and release of subcubes from a hypercube with node failures is addressed. Two algorithms are presented, both based on the Buddy allocation scheme for memory management which is also used by the AXIS operating system of the NCUBE hypercube computer. The first algorithm is a simple variation of the Buddy algorithm which permits the efficient allocation of subcubes in the presence of a single faulty node. The second algorithm, which effectively subsumes the first, tries to reduce the fragmentation caused by multiple failed nodes. It uses a relabeling scheme to group the failed nodes so that large non-faulty subcubes can be detected using the Buddy allocation scheme. The relative performance of these algorithms is studied using simulation and the proposed algorithms are shown to have a consistently better performance. Issues relating to the detection of faulty nodes on the NCUBE computer and the consequences of the relabeling on message passing are also discussed. © ACM 1988.

关键词： Message passing

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Embedding triple-modular redundancy into a hypercube architecture 3

Embedding triple-modular redundancy into a hypercube archite...

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3rd Conference on Hypercube Concurrent computers and Applications, C3P 1988

作者： Kiskis, Daniel L. Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897912780

This paper describes an embedding of Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) into a binary hypercube. The goal is to improve fault tolerance by masking any single-point faults. Each module of an application task is triplicated and executed in parallel on three nodes of a 2-dimensional subcube (Q2) of the hypercube. Each of these nodes also executes a voter process. The remaining node is used for message passing only. All outputs from the triplicated modules are voted on, and the voting results are transmitted to the appropriate destination. Thus, all interunit messages are also triplicated. We propose an embedding of TMR into a hypercube which can be implemented in a manner transparent to the application program. Subcubes are allocated so that the address space for the TMR units is also a hypercube. Hence, the subcube allocation and intermodule communication schemes are defined to be analogous to the schemes used in the nonre-dundant system. The embedded system is proven to mask all single-point faults.

关键词： Message passing

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Message routing in an injured hypercube 3

Message routing in an injured hypercube

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3rd Conference on Hypercube Concurrent computers and Applications, C3P 1988

作者： Chen, Ming-Syan Shin, Kang G. Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109-2122 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897912780

A connected hypercube containing faulty components (nodes or links) is called an injured hypercube. To enable non-faulty nodes to communicate with each other in an injured hypercube, the information of component failures must be made available to those non-faulty nodes for them to route messages around the faulty components. We develop a fault-tolerant routing scheme which requires each node to know only the information on the failure of its own links. Performance of this scheme is rigorously analyzed. This scheme is not only shown to be capable of routing messages successfully in injured hypercubes when the number of component failures is less than n, but also proved to be able to choose a shortest path with a very high probability.

关键词： Geometry

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Evaluation of the probability of dynamic failure and processor utilization for real-time systems

Evaluation of the probability of dynamic failure and process...

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real-time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： M.H. Woodbury K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

It is shown how to determine closed-form expressions for task scheduling delay and active task time distributions for any real-time system application, given a scheduling policy and task execution time distributions. The active task time denotes the total time a task is executing or waiting to be executed, including scheduling delays and resource contention delays. The distributions are used to determine the probability of dynamic failure and processor utilization, where the probability of dynamic failure is the probability that any task will not complete before its deadline. The opposing effects of decreasing the probability of dynamic failure and increasing utilization are also addressed. The analysis first addresses workloads where all tasks are periodic, i.e., they are repetitively triggered at constant frequencies. It is then extended to include the arrival of asynchronously triggered tasks. The effects of asynchronous tasks on the probability of dynamic failure and utilization are addressed.< >

关键词： real time systems Job shop scheduling Processor scheduling Optimal scheduling Application software Dynamic scheduling Delay effects Cost function Distributed computing Performance analysis

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Checkpointing and rollback recovery in a distributed system using common time base

Checkpointing and rollback recovery in a distributed system ...

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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： P. Ramanathan K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

An approach to checkpointing and rollback recovery in a distributed computing system using a common time base is proposed. First, a common time base is established in the system using a hardware clock synchronization algorithm. This common time base is coupled with a pseudorecovery block approach to develop a checkpointing algorithm that has the following advantages: (i) maximum process autonomy, (ii) no wait for commitment for establishing recovery lines, (iii) fewer messages to be exchanged, and (iv) less memory requirement.< >

关键词： Checkpointing Testing real time systems Clocks Synchronization Broadcasting Laboratories Distributed computing Hardware Fault tolerant systems

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Effects of computing time Delay on real-time Control Systems

Effects of Computing Time Delay on Real-Time Control Systems

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Kang G. Shin Xianzhong Cui Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The reliability of a real-time digital control system depends not only on the reliability of the hardware and software used, but also on the speed in executing control algorithms. The latter is due to the negative effects of computing time delay on control system performance. For a given sampling interval, the effects of computing time delay are classified into the delay problem and the loss problem. Analysis of these two problems is presented as a means of evaluating real-time control systems. As an example, both the self-tuning predicted (STP) control and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control are applied to the problem of tracking robot trajectories, and their respective effects of computing time delay on control performance are comparatively evaluated. For this exmple, the STP (PID) controller is shown to outperform the PID (STP) controller in coping with the delay (loss) problem.

关键词： Delay effects real time systems Control systems Pi control Proportional control Three-term control Digital control Hardware Software algorithms System performance

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Design and scheduling of mesh array of hardware unifiers for large-scale unification 1st

引用

1st International Conference on Supercomputing, 1987

作者： Shih, Yifong Irani, Keki B. Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540189916

We propose a hardware unification array consisting of k × n fourconnected unification units to be used to speed up the process of finding suitable bindings for common variables among the predicates in a logic program. Four different algorithms (SIMPLEX, PCC, PwFLP and CP) to perform unification in the array are presented and their performances compared. The final level of unification in scheduling multiple arrays is found to be the most expensive, deserving the highest degree of hardware support. © 1988, Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Scheduling

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Fault-tolerant BIBD networks

Fault-tolerant BIBD networks

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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant computing (FTCS)

作者： B.E. Aupperle J.F. Meyer Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The use of multiple buses can improve both the fault tolerance and performance of local area computer networks. Existing schemes either depend on active components for full connectivity or can experience decreased performance as many hosts attempt to access one bus. An architecture class based on balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) is proposed to address these problems. A BIBD architecture uses redundant communication channels and exhibits degradable performance as faults occur. The performability of such networks is evaluated, where evaluation is based on stochastic activity network models. The results obtained are provided for comparison of BIBD network performability with that of conventional multibus networks.< >

关键词： Fault tolerance computer networks Redundancy computer architecture Geometry Laboratories Communication channels Degradation Performance evaluation Stochastic processes

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Analysis of workload influence on dependability

Analysis of workload influence on dependability

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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant computing (FTCS)

作者： J.F. Meyer L. Wei Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The authors consider a general, analytic approach to the study of workload effects on computer system dependability, where the faults considered are transient and the dependability measure in question is the time to failure, T/sub f/. Under these conditions, workload plays two roles with opposing effects: it can help detect/correct a correctable fault, or it can cause the system to fail by activating an uncorrectable fault. As a consequence, the overall influence of workload on T/sub f/ is difficult to evaluate intuitively. To examine this in more formal terms, the authors establish a Markov renewal process model that represents the interaction among workload and fault accumulation ins systems for which fault tolerance can be characterized by fault margins. Using this model, they consider some specific examples and show how the probabilistic nature of T/sub f/ can be formulated directly in terms of parameters regarding workload, fault arrivals, and fault margins.< >

关键词： Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerance Fault detection Error correction Laboratories Failure analysis Transient analysis Electric variables measurement Computational modeling Terminology

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Optimal resource control in periodic real-time environments

Optimal resource control in periodic real-time environments

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real-time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： K.G. Shin C.M. Krishna Y.-H. Lee Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of EECS University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of ECE University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA Computer Science Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Three factors determine the optimum configuration of a multiprocessor at any epoch: the workload, the reward structure, and the state of the computer system. An algorithm is presented for the optimal (more realistically, quasi-optimal) configuration of such systems used in real-time applications with periodic reward rates and workloads. The algorithm is based on Markov decision theory. It is suggested that a change in the workload or the reward structure should be as powerful a motivation for reconfiguration as component failure. Such changes occur naturally over the course of operation: an example of an online transaction processing system with a workload and reward structure that has a period of a day is given.< >

关键词： Optimal control Application software real time systems Telecommunication computing Degradation Environmental management Delay Switches Bandwidth Laboratories

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