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Comparison of data compression schemes for Medical images

Comparison of data compression schemes for Medical images

Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS IV) for Medical Applications 1986

作者： Noh, Ki H. Jenkins, Janice M. Medical Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Medical images acquired and stored digitally continue to pose a major problem in the area of picture archiving and transmission. The need for accurate reproduction of such images, which constitute patient medical records, and the medico-legal problems of possible loss of information has led us to examine the suitability of data compression schemes for several different medical image modalities. We have examined both reversible coding and irreversible coding as methods of image formatting and reproduction. In reversible coding we have tested run-length coding and arithmetic coding on image bit planes. In irreversible coding, we have studied transform coding, linear predictive coding, and block truncation coding and their effects on image quality versus compression ratio in several image modalities. In transform coding, we have applied discrete Fourier coding, discrete cosine coding, discrete sine transform, and Walsh-Hadamard transform to images in which a subset of the transformed coefficients were retained and quantized. In linear predictive coding, we used a fixed level quantizer. In the case of block truncation coding, the first and second moments were retained. Results of all types of irreversible coding for data compression were unsatisfactory in terms of reproduction of the original image. Run-length coding was useful on several bit planes of an image but not on others. Arithmetic coding was found to be completely reversible and resulted in up to 2 to 1 compression ratio. © 1986 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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A Closed-Form Solution for the Perfornance Analysis of Multiple-Bus Multiprocessor Systems

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1984年第11期C-33卷 1004-1012页

作者： Irani, Keki B. Öyüksel, Ibrahim H. Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

A closed-form solution for the performance analysis of multiple-bus multiprocessor systems is presented. A Markovian queueing network model has been developed to investigate the effects of memory and bus contentions on the system performance. The symmetrical structure of the Markov chains of the queueing model makes it possible to demonstrate that the local balance is satisfied. Consequently, the probabilities of the states of Markov chains can be expressed by simple formulas. Processing efficiency is used as a performance measure. However, this method is easily extendable to other performance measures. To investigate the effects of the system design parameters on the multiprocessor system performance, comparative results have been obtained for a large family of multiprocessor configurations from unibus to bus-sufficient systems. © 1984 IEEE

关键词： Bus contention Markov chains Markovian queueing networks memory contention multiple buses multiprocessor systems performance analysis processing efficiency

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Introduction to a System for Distributed Databases (SDD-1)

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ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) 1980年第1期5卷 1-17页

作者： Rothnie, J.B. Bernstein, P.A. Fox, S. Goodman, N. Hammer, M. Landers, T.A. Reeve, C. Shipman, D.W. Wong, E. Computer Corporation of America 575 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 United States Center for Research in Computing Technology Aiken Computation Laboratory Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computing Science 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States

The declining cost of computer hardware and the increasing data processing needs of geographically dispersed organizations have led to substantial interest in distributed data management. SDD-1 is a distributed database management system currently being developed by computer Corporation of America. Users interact with SDD-1 precisely as if it were a nondistributed database system because SDD-1 handles all issues arising from the distribution of data. These issues include distributed concurrency control, distributed query processing, resiliency to component failure, and distributed directory management. This paper presents an overview of the SDD-1 design and its solutions to the above problems. This paper is the first of a series of companion papers on SDD-1 (Bernstein and Shipman [2], Bernstein et al. [4], and Hammer and Shipman [14]). © 1980, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： concurrency control database reliability distributed database system query processing relational data model

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On the solution of singular value inequalities over a continuum of frequencies

On the solution of singular value inequalities over a contin...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： E. Polak D. Q. Mayne Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Electronics Research Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Computing and Control Imperial College of Science and Technology London UK

We present an algorithm for solving singular value inequalities over a continuum of frequencies. The algorithm is in two parts: a master algorithm which constructs an infinite sequence of finite sets of inequalities a... 详细信息

关键词： Frequency Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Tellurium Laboratories Educational institutions Erbium Transfer functions

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A cut map algorithm for design problems with parameter tolerances

A cut map algorithm for design problems with parameter toler...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： D. Q. Mayne E. Polak A. Voreadis Department of Computing and Control Imperial College of Science and Technology London UK Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Electronics Research Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA

The design problem of choosing a set of parameters so that inequality constraints are satisfied for a specified variation of parameter values about their nominal value, is considered. Such problems occur when systems must be synthesized from components whose values are only known to a certain tolerance. Simple algorithms exist for such problems when the constraints are convex. This paper presents an algorithm which is valid for the non-convex case, The algorithm utilizes concepts employed by Eaves and Zangwill in their generalized cutting plane algorithms.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Educational institutions Laboratories Transducers Actuators

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Design of nonlinear feedback controllers

Design of nonlinear feedback controllers

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

This paper shows how the design of feedback controllers for nonlinear systems may be formulated as an optimization problem with infinite dimensional constraints for which known algorithms may be employed. An important... 详细信息

关键词： Adaptive control Algorithm design and analysis Laboratories Design optimization Feedback

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CENTML CONTROL SYSTEM TRAINING THROUGH STA TIC AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第2期92卷 196-206页

作者： HALL, EDWIN E. MOSS, DONALD G. NORRIS, CLIFFORD S. PETERSON, HAROLD D. Mr. Edwin E. Hall received his Bachelor's degree in Electronics from Oklahoma City University. He also is a certified College-Level Instructor in the state of Florida and has done graduate work in Computer Science at the University of Florida. As the Technical Publications and Training Manager Simulation and Control Systems Department. General Electric Company Daytona Beach Fla. he currently is responsible for the costing. planning performance scheduling and timely completion of the Department's Technical Manuals and Technical Training Programs. These Training and Manual contracts cover Ship Systems Programs. Simulation Programs. and Communications Programs for the Armed Services and commercial customers. Mr. Hall has over twenty-years experience as a Technical Writer and Instructor and for the past seventeen years has been at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. His experience ranges from teaching Basic Electronics and Radar Circuitry as a civilian instructor for the U.S. Army to writing Manuals Proposals Reports Specifications and Brochures for General Electric's product lines. Mr. Donald G. MOSS is a graduate of Kansas State University from which he received both his B.S. degree in Business Administration and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering. He is presently a Senior Systems Engineer for Control Systems in the Simulation and Control Systems Department at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. He has been employed by General Electric for 23 years — the first seven as an Engineer and Program Manager on the Fire Control Systems for the Fleet Ballistics Missile Program the next six managing the design of control and checkout equipment on the APOLLO Program and the last ten years working on control equipment for the machinery plants of new Navy ships. Over the span of years at General Electric he has worked on propulsion control for the DD-963 propulsion electric plant and auxiliary control for the FFG-7: propulsion boiler burner electric auxiliary and car

Dynamic Simulation is defined as the hardware and software required to present to the student operator visual and audible cues and responses that are the same as those encountered when operating the Control Consoles aborad ship. This type of simulation is considered essential to the development of operator skills for critical tasks. Less critical tasks can be practiced using static simulation devices. This paper discusses the utilization of these types of training devices to train Navy crews. An overview of the Machinery Control Systems of the FFG 7 and AO 177 Class ships is discussed to provide an understanding of state‐of‐the‐art equipment development. The training programs for these two ship Classes are then reviewed to show how simulation devices are currently used by the Training Community, and this is followed by a brief discussion of the additional benefits that also are derived. © 1980 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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Algorithms for computer aided design of control systems by the method of inequlities

Algorithms for computer aided design of control systems by t...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

This paper collects a number of scattered results on the solution of both finite and infinite systems of inequalities into a unified whole. In particular, it presents two methods which solve finite systems of inequalities in a finite number of iterations and which use outer approximations techniques for infinite systems of inequalities.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Control systems Open loop systems Laboratories Educational institutions Scattering Nonlinear control systems Nonlinear systems Tires Frequency domain analysis

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NAVAL COASTAL SYSTEMS laboratory - UNIQUE INSITU TEST AND EVALUATION SITE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 119-129页

作者： JOLLIFF, JV CALLAHAN, CM USN Capt. James V. Jolliff USNgraduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1954. Following graduation he served in the USS S. N. Moore (DD—747) and USS Cimarron (AO—22). He received his MS degrees in Naval Architecture from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture and in Financial Management from The George Washington University. He culminated his education at The Catholic University of America where he was awarded his Doctorate in Ocean Engineering in 1972. Capt. Jolliff has served in Naval Shipyards as Ship Superintendent Assistant Repair Officer and Assistant Planning & Estimating Superintendent and as such was primarily concerned with the repair and conversion of U. S. Navy skips. In addition he has served as Maintenance Officer Staff of Commander Mine Force U. S. Pacific Fleet as Co—Chairman of the Naval Engineering Division Engineering Department U. S. Naval Academy and as CV Design Manager in the Advanced Concepts Division and as Head Ship Survivability Office Naval Ship Engineering Center. An active member of ASNE since 1966 he has served as a member of the National Council and is currently the Chairman of the Journal Committee. He has had several papers presented at ASNE Day and published in the Journal and in 1976 was one of the recipients of the ASNE President's Award. At the present time he is assigned as the Commanding Officer Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL) Panama City Fla. Mr. Casville M. Callahanis a native of Southwest Virginia where he attended Elementary and Secondary School prior to his three year's service in the U. S. Navy during World War II. He graduated from Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate Tenn. in 1950 receiving his BS degree in Mathematics. In 1952 he received his MS degree in Mathematics from Auburn University Auburn Ala. and taught mathematics at Lincoln Memorial University and at Florida State University Tallahassee Fla. prior to joining the staff of the Mine Defense Laboratory in 1955. He has progressed through a variety of assignments as the Labo

Test and Evaluation have become paramount in today's department of Defense acquisition process. Therefore, the U. S. Navy requires both private and public facilities to accomplish the final goals of the “Fly before Buy” concept. Such a facility exists at the Naval Coastal Systems laboratory (NCSL); an integral part of the Chief of Naval Material's, Director of Navy Laboratories organization. This paper briefly addresses the laboratory, its mission, and its history. This is followed by an in—depth facilities overview in order to create an understanding of the slow but steady evolution of NCSL's unique fixed facilities. These facilities, when coupled to the local natural environment, provide a unique in situ test and evaluation capability which is unequalled in the United States for assessing seagoing coastal systems. Of prime consideration is the Range Date Acquisition Center (RADAC) and Its ancillary subsystems for tracking, environmental monitoring, communications, and post run analysis. The paper is concluded with a discussion of both past and present use of the aforementioned facilities with an emphasis on user acceptance and future potential growth.

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computing with Words in Information/Intelligent Systems 2 1

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丛书名： Studies in Fuzziness and Soft computing

1000年

作者： Lotfi A. Zadeh Janusz Kacprzyk

ISBN: (数字)9783790818727

ISBN: (纸本)9783790812183;9783790824612

These two volumes consisting of Foundations and Applications provide the current status of theoretical and empirical developments in "computing with words". In philosophy, the twentieth century is said to be the century of language. This is mainly due to Wittgenstein who said: "The meaning of a word is its use in the language game". "The concept game is a concept with blurred edges". In the first phrase, "the language game" implies the everyday human activity with language, and in the latter, "game" simply implies an ordinary word. Thus, Wittgenstein precisely stated that a word is fuzzy in real life. Unfortunately this idea about a word was not accepted in the conventional science. We had to wait for Zadeh's fuzzy sets theory. Remembering Wittgenstein's statement, we should consider, on the one hand, the concept of "computing with words" from a philosophical point of view. It deeply relates to the everyday use of a word in which the meaning of a word is fuzzy in its nature.

关键词： Natural Language Processing (NLP) Artificial Intelligence IT in Business

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