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Influencing behavior of electricity consumers to enhance participation in demand response

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Influencing behavior of electricity consumers to enhance par...

2017 North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2017

作者： Ballenger, Anna P. Herath, Pramod Caceres, Maria Navarro Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K. Corchado, Juan Manuel Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University ClemsonSC29634 United States School of Engineering University of Kwazulu-Natal Durban South Africa University of Salamanca c/Espejo s/n Salamanca37007 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781538626993

Demand response (DR) provides an opportunity for consumers to change their electricity usage during peak periods by applying time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives. Currently the majority of DR resources are based on commercial loads in which substantial amounts of DR resources for residential purposes are wasted. Despite the multiple advantages of demand response to such residential customers, they are often reluctant to participate in such programs because of privacy concerns or because they are unaware of time-based rates. In this study, a customer dashboard was developed to enhance and persuade customers to participate in demand response programs. The online dashboard was used to increase awareness of all customer types, which is essential for ensuring a significant increase of DR participants. Incorporating flexibility, ease-of-use, and rewards programs will attract customers to use the dashboard thus expanding customer awareness to consciously or subconsciously change energy consumption behaviors. Making such cultural changes in customer behaviors leads to a long term solution for participation in demand response programs. With enhanced DR participation a sustainable power system operation and environment can be realized. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Sales

Optimized base-station cache allocation for cloud radio access network with multicast backhaul

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Dai, Binbin Liu, Ya-Feng Yu, Wei Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3G4 Canada State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

The performance of cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is limited by the finite capacities of the backhaul links connecting the centralized processor (CP) with the base-stations (BSs), especially when the backhaul is implemented in a wireless medium. This paper proposes the use of wireless multicast together with BS caching, where the BSs pre-store contents of popular files, to augment the backhaul of C-RAN. For a downlink C-RAN consisting of a single cluster of BSs and wireless backhaul, this paper studies the optimal cache size allocation strategy among the BSs and the optimal multicast beamforming transmission strategy at the CP such that the user’s requested messages are delivered from the CP to the BSs in the most efficient way. We first state a multicast backhaul rate expression based on a joint cache-channel coding scheme, which implies that larger cache sizes should be allocated to the BSs with weaker channels. We then formulate a two-timescale joint cache size allocation and beamforming design problem, where the cache is optimized offline based on the long-term channel statistical information, while the beamformer is designed during the file delivery phase based on the instantaneous channel state information. By leveraging the sample approximation method and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), we develop efficient algorithms for optimizing cache size allocation among the BSs, and quantify how much more cache should be allocated to the weaker BSs. We further consider the case with multiple files having different popularities and show that it is in general not optimal to entirely cache the most popular files first. Numerical results show considerable performance improvement of the optimized cache size allocation scheme over the uniform allocation and other heuristic schemes. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Base stations

Eavesdropper’s ability to attack a free-space quantum-key-distribution receiver in atmospheric turbulence

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chaiwongkhot, Poompong Kuntz, Katanya B. Zhang, Yanbao Huang, Anqi Bourgoin, Jean-Philippe Sajeed, Shihan Lütkenhaus, Norbert Jennewein, Thomas Makarov, Vadim Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada NTT Basic Research Laboratories NTT Corporation AtsugiKanagawa Japan NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics NTT Corporation AtsugiKanagawa Japan Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Aegis Quantum WaterlooON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto M5S 3G4 Canada Quantum Information Science Program Canadian Institute for Advanced Research TorontoONM5G 1Z8 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow143025 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia

The ability of an eavesdropper (Eve) to perform an intercept-resend attack on a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) receiver by precisely controlling the incidence angle of an attack laser has been previously demonstrated. However, such an attack could be ineffective in the presence of atmospheric turbulence due to beam wander and spatial mode aberrations induced by the air’s varying index of refraction. We experimentally investigate the impact turbulence has on Eve’s attack on a free-space polarization-encoding QKD receiver by emulating atmospheric turbulence with a spatial light modulator. Our results identify how well Eve would need to compensate for turbulence to perform a successful attack by either reducing her distance to the receiver, or using beam wavefront correction via adaptive optics. Furthermore, we use an entanglement-breaking scheme to find a theoretical limit on the turbulence strength that hinders Eve’s attack. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atmospheric turbulence

Pioneering the Use of Neural Network Architectures and Feature engineering for real-time Augmented Microscopy and Analysis

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2018年第S1期24卷 514-515页

作者： Matthew L. Gong Su Jong Yoon Raymond R. Unocic Hope Ishii John P. Bradley Brandon D. Miller Daniel Masiel Bryan Reed Tolga Tasdizen Jeffery A. Aguiar University of Utah Scientific Computing Imaging Institute Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Salt Lake City UT Idaho National Laboratory Nuclear Science and Technology Division Idaho Falls ID Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Nanophase Materials Science Oak Ridge TN University of Hawai’i at Manoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Honolulu HI Integrated Dynamic Electron Solutions Pleasanton CA University of Utah Department of Materials Science and Engineering Salt Lake City UT

Searching for gravitational wave bursts from cosmic string cusps with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yonemaru, N. Kuroyanagi, S. Hobbs, George Takahashi, K. Zhu, X.-J. Coles, W.A. Dai, S. Howard, E. Manchester, R. Reardon, D. Russell, C. Shannon, R. Thyagarajan, N. Spiewak, R. Wang, J.-B. Kumamoto University Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto860-8555 Japan CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science PO Box 76 EppingNSW1710 Australia Nagoya University Graduate School of Science Nagoya464-8601 Japan Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Universidad Autonóma de Madrid Cantoblanco Madrid28049 Spain International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto860-8555 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University VIC3800 Australia OzGrav: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego San diegoCA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie University Sydney2109 Australia Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith University BrisbaneQLD4111 Australia Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology P.O. Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia CSIRO Scientific Computing Services Australian Technology Park Locked Bag 9013 AlexandriaNSW1435 Australia National Radio Astronomy Observatory 1003 Lopezville Rd SocorroNM87801 United States Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Science 150 Science 1-Street UrumqiXinjiang830011 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Science 150 Science 1-Street UrumqiXinjiang830011 China

Cosmic strings are potential gravitational wave (GW) sources that can be probed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). In this work we develop a detection algorithm for a GW burst from a cusp on a cosmic string, and apply it to Parkes PTA data. We find four events with a false alarm probability less than 1%. However further investigation shows that all of these are likely to be spurious. As there are no convincing detections we place upper limits on the GW amplitude for different event durations. From these bounds we place limits on the cosmic string tension of G μ∼ 10−5, and highlight that this bound is independent from those obtained using other techniques. We discuss the physical implications of our results and the prospect of probing cosmic strings in the era of Square Kilometre Array (SKA). © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Pulsars

Attacking quantum key distribution by light injection via ventilation openings

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Garcia-Escartin, Juan Carlos Sajeed, Shihan Makarov, Vadim Dpto. Teoriá de la Senãl y Comunicaciones e Ing. Telemática Universidad de Valladolid Paseo Belén 15 Valladolid47011 Spain Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1ON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1ON Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo N2L 3G1ON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto M5S 3G4 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow143025 Russia National Laboratory for Physical Sciences Shanghai Branch University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China Nti Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia

Quantum cryptography promises security based on the laws of physics with proofs of security against attackers of unlimited computational power. However, deviations from the original assumptions allow quantum hackers to compromise the system. We present a side channel attack that takes advantage of ventilation holes in optical devices to inject additional photons that can leak information about the secret key. We experimentally demonstrate light injection on an ID Quantique Clavis2 quantum key distribution platform and show that this may help an attacker to learn information about the secret key. We then apply the same technique to a prototype quantum random number generator and show that its output is biased by injected light. This shows that light injection is a potential security risk that should be addressed during the design of quantum information processing devices. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

Optical control of single-photon negative-feedback avalanche diode detector

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gras, Gaëtan Sultana, Nigar Huang, Anqi Jennewein, Thomas Bussières, Félix Makarov, Vadim Zbinden, Hugo ID Quantique SA CarougeCH-1227 Switzerland Group of Applied Physics University of Geneva GenevaCH-1211 Switzerland Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia

We experimentally demonstrate optical control of negative-feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) detectors using bright light. We deterministically generate fake single-photon detections with a better timing precision than normal operation. This could potentially open a security loophole in quantum cryptography systems. We then show how monitoring the photocurrent through the avalanche photodiode can be used to reveal the detector is being blinded. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feedback

Controlling single-photon detector ID210 with bright light

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Chistiakov, Vladimir Huang, Anqi Egorov, Vladimir Makarov, Vadim Faculty of Photonics and Optical Information ITMO University St. Petersburg Russia Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow143025 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow119049 Russia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

We experimentally demonstrate that a single-photon detector ID210 commercially available from ID Quantique is vulnerable to blinding and can be fully controlled by bright illumination. In quantum key distribution, this vulnerability can be exploited by an eavesdropper to perform a faked-state attack giving her full knowledge of the key without being noticed. We consider the attack on standard BB84 protocol and a subcarrier-wave scheme, and outline a possible countermeasure. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Avalanche photodiodes

Exploring Low Internal Reorganization Energies for Silicene Nanoclusters

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Physical Review Applied 2018年第5期9卷 054012-054012页

作者： Ricardo Pablo-Pedro Hector Lopez-Rios Jose-L. Mendoza-Cortes Jing Kong Serguei Fomine Troy Van Voorhis Mildred S. Dresselhaus Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 70-360 CU Coyoacán Ciudad de México 04510 México Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU-FSU Joint College of Engineering Tallahassee Florida 32310 USA Department of Physics and Department of Scientific Computing Materials Science and Engineering High Performance Material Institute Condensed Matter Theory National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32310 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

This paper is a contribution to the Physical Review Applied collection in memory of Mildred S. Dresselhaus.

关键词： Electron-phonon coupling Electronic materials 2-dimensional systems Elemental semiconductors Nanoclusters Nanoribbon Silicene Density functional theory