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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant computing (FTCS)

作者： B.E. Aupperle J.F. Meyer Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The use of multiple buses can improve both the fault tolerance and performance of local area computer networks. Existing schemes either depend on active components for full connectivity or can experience decreased performance as many hosts attempt to access one bus. An architecture class based on balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) is proposed to address these problems. A BIBD architecture uses redundant communication channels and exhibits degradable performance as faults occur. The performability of such networks is evaluated, where evaluation is based on stochastic activity network models. The results obtained are provided for comparison of BIBD network performability with that of conventional multibus networks.< >

关键词： Fault tolerance computer networks Redundancy computer architecture Geometry Laboratories Communication channels Degradation Performance evaluation Stochastic processes

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Analysis of workload influence on dependability

Analysis of workload influence on dependability

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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant computing (FTCS)

作者： J.F. Meyer L. Wei Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The authors consider a general, analytic approach to the study of workload effects on computer system dependability, where the faults considered are transient and the dependability measure in question is the time to failure, T/sub f/. Under these conditions, workload plays two roles with opposing effects: it can help detect/correct a correctable fault, or it can cause the system to fail by activating an uncorrectable fault. As a consequence, the overall influence of workload on T/sub f/ is difficult to evaluate intuitively. To examine this in more formal terms, the authors establish a Markov renewal process model that represents the interaction among workload and fault accumulation ins systems for which fault tolerance can be characterized by fault margins. Using this model, they consider some specific examples and show how the probabilistic nature of T/sub f/ can be formulated directly in terms of parameters regarding workload, fault arrivals, and fault margins.< >

关键词： Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerance Fault detection Error correction Laboratories Failure analysis Transient analysis Electric variables measurement Computational modeling Terminology

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Optimal resource control in periodic real-time environments

Optimal resource control in periodic real-time environments

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real-time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： K.G. Shin C.M. Krishna Y.-H. Lee Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of EECS University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of ECE University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA Computer Science Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Three factors determine the optimum configuration of a multiprocessor at any epoch: the workload, the reward structure, and the state of the computer system. An algorithm is presented for the optimal (more realistically, quasi-optimal) configuration of such systems used in real-time applications with periodic reward rates and workloads. The algorithm is based on Markov decision theory. It is suggested that a change in the workload or the reward structure should be as powerful a motivation for reconfiguration as component failure. Such changes occur naturally over the course of operation: an example of an online transaction processing system with a workload and reward structure that has a period of a day is given.< >

关键词： Optimal control Application software real time systems Telecommunication computing Degradation Environmental management Delay Switches Bandwidth Laboratories

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Comparison of data compression schemes for Medical images

Comparison of data compression schemes for Medical images

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Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS IV) for Medical Applications 1986

作者： Noh, Ki H. Jenkins, Janice M. Medical Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Medical images acquired and stored digitally continue to pose a major problem in the area of picture archiving and transmission. The need for accurate reproduction of such images, which constitute patient medical records, and the medico-legal problems of possible loss of information has led us to examine the suitability of data compression schemes for several different medical image modalities. We have examined both reversible coding and irreversible coding as methods of image formatting and reproduction. In reversible coding we have tested run-length coding and arithmetic coding on image bit planes. In irreversible coding, we have studied transform coding, linear predictive coding, and block truncation coding and their effects on image quality versus compression ratio in several image modalities. In transform coding, we have applied discrete Fourier coding, discrete cosine coding, discrete sine transform, and Walsh-Hadamard transform to images in which a subset of the transformed coefficients were retained and quantized. In linear predictive coding, we used a fixed level quantizer. In the case of block truncation coding, the first and second moments were retained. Results of all types of irreversible coding for data compression were unsatisfactory in terms of reproduction of the original image. Run-length coding was useful on several bit planes of an image but not on others. Arithmetic coding was found to be completely reversible and resulted in up to 2 to 1 compression ratio. © 1986 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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A Closed-Form Solution for the Perfornance Analysis of Multiple-Bus Multiprocessor Systems

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IEEE Transactions on computers 1984年第11期C-33卷 1004-1012页

作者： Irani, Keki B. Öyüksel, Ibrahim H. Computing Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

A closed-form solution for the performance analysis of multiple-bus multiprocessor systems is presented. A Markovian queueing network model has been developed to investigate the effects of memory and bus contentions on the system performance. The symmetrical structure of the Markov chains of the queueing model makes it possible to demonstrate that the local balance is satisfied. Consequently, the probabilities of the states of Markov chains can be expressed by simple formulas. Processing efficiency is used as a performance measure. However, this method is easily extendable to other performance measures. To investigate the effects of the system design parameters on the multiprocessor system performance, comparative results have been obtained for a large family of multiprocessor configurations from unibus to bus-sufficient systems. © 1984 IEEE

关键词： Bus contention Markov chains Markovian queueing networks memory contention multiple buses multiprocessor systems performance analysis processing efficiency

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Introduction to a System for Distributed Databases (SDD-1)

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ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) 1980年第1期5卷 1-17页

作者： Rothnie, J.B. Bernstein, P.A. Fox, S. Goodman, N. Hammer, M. Landers, T.A. Reeve, C. Shipman, D.W. Wong, E. Computer Corporation of America 575 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 United States Center for Research in Computing Technology Aiken Computation Laboratory Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computing Science 545 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA 94720 United States

The declining cost of computer hardware and the increasing data processing needs of geographically dispersed organizations have led to substantial interest in distributed data management. SDD-1 is a distributed database management system currently being developed by computer Corporation of America. Users interact with SDD-1 precisely as if it were a nondistributed database system because SDD-1 handles all issues arising from the distribution of data. These issues include distributed concurrency control, distributed query processing, resiliency to component failure, and distributed directory management. This paper presents an overview of the SDD-1 design and its solutions to the above problems. This paper is the first of a series of companion papers on SDD-1 (Bernstein and Shipman [2], Bernstein et al. [4], and Hammer and Shipman [14]). © 1980, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： concurrency control database reliability distributed database system query processing relational data model

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On the solution of singular value inequalities over a continuum of frequencies

On the solution of singular value inequalities over a contin...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： E. Polak D. Q. Mayne Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Electronics Research Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Computing and Control Imperial College of Science and Technology London UK

We present an algorithm for solving singular value inequalities over a continuum of frequencies. The algorithm is in two parts: a master algorithm which constructs an infinite sequence of finite sets of inequalities a... 详细信息

关键词： Frequency Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Tellurium Laboratories Educational institutions Erbium Transfer functions

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A cut map algorithm for design problems with parameter tolerances

A cut map algorithm for design problems with parameter toler...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： D. Q. Mayne E. Polak A. Voreadis Department of Computing and Control Imperial College of Science and Technology London UK Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Electronics Research Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA USA

The design problem of choosing a set of parameters so that inequality constraints are satisfied for a specified variation of parameter values about their nominal value, is considered. Such problems occur when systems must be synthesized from components whose values are only known to a certain tolerance. Simple algorithms exist for such problems when the constraints are convex. This paper presents an algorithm which is valid for the non-convex case, The algorithm utilizes concepts employed by Eaves and Zangwill in their generalized cutting plane algorithms.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Educational institutions Laboratories Transducers Actuators

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Design of nonlinear feedback controllers

Design of nonlinear feedback controllers

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

This paper shows how the design of feedback controllers for nonlinear systems may be formulated as an optimization problem with infinite dimensional constraints for which known algorithms may be employed. An important... 详细信息

关键词： Adaptive control Algorithm design and analysis Laboratories Design optimization Feedback

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CENTML CONTROL SYSTEM TRAINING THROUGH STA TIC AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第2期92卷 196-206页

作者： HALL, EDWIN E. MOSS, DONALD G. NORRIS, CLIFFORD S. PETERSON, HAROLD D. Mr. Edwin E. Hall received his Bachelor's degree in Electronics from Oklahoma City University. He also is a certified College-Level Instructor in the state of Florida and has done graduate work in Computer Science at the University of Florida. As the Technical Publications and Training Manager Simulation and Control Systems Department. General Electric Company Daytona Beach Fla. he currently is responsible for the costing. planning performance scheduling and timely completion of the Department's Technical Manuals and Technical Training Programs. These Training and Manual contracts cover Ship Systems Programs. Simulation Programs. and Communications Programs for the Armed Services and commercial customers. Mr. Hall has over twenty-years experience as a Technical Writer and Instructor and for the past seventeen years has been at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. His experience ranges from teaching Basic Electronics and Radar Circuitry as a civilian instructor for the U.S. Army to writing Manuals Proposals Reports Specifications and Brochures for General Electric's product lines. Mr. Donald G. MOSS is a graduate of Kansas State University from which he received both his B.S. degree in Business Administration and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering. He is presently a Senior Systems Engineer for Control Systems in the Simulation and Control Systems Department at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. He has been employed by General Electric for 23 years — the first seven as an Engineer and Program Manager on the Fire Control Systems for the Fleet Ballistics Missile Program the next six managing the design of control and checkout equipment on the APOLLO Program and the last ten years working on control equipment for the machinery plants of new Navy ships. Over the span of years at General Electric he has worked on propulsion control for the DD-963 propulsion electric plant and auxiliary control for the FFG-7: propulsion boiler burner electric auxiliary and car

Dynamic Simulation is defined as the hardware and software required to present to the student operator visual and audible cues and responses that are the same as those encountered when operating the Control Consoles aborad ship. This type of simulation is considered essential to the development of operator skills for critical tasks. Less critical tasks can be practiced using static simulation devices. This paper discusses the utilization of these types of training devices to train Navy crews. An overview of the Machinery Control Systems of the FFG 7 and AO 177 Class ships is discussed to provide an understanding of state‐of‐the‐art equipment development. The training programs for these two ship Classes are then reviewed to show how simulation devices are currently used by the Training Community, and this is followed by a brief discussion of the additional benefits that also are derived. © 1980 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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