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Int'l Workshop on Integrating Error Models with Fault Injection

作者： Seungjae Han H.A. Rosenberg Kang G. Shin Red-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

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Hardware support for controlled interaction of guaranteed and best-effort communication

Hardware support for controlled interaction of guaranteed an...

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Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems

作者： J. Rexford J. Dolter Kang Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Real-time communication typically consists of guaranteed packets that must satisfy their delivery deadlines and best-effort packets that can tolerate occasional deadline misses for improved average latency. This paper presents hardware techniques for supporting the coexistence of these two traffic classes in real-time point-to-point networks. A careful selection of routing and switching techniques, coupled with fine-grain arbitration between traffic classes, can allow network adapters to support the diverse performance requirements of best-effort and guaranteed communication. Cycle-level simulations of SPIDER (Scalable Point-to-point Interface DrivER), a network adapter for point-to-point distributed systems, demonstrate the utility of supporting multiple low-level communication policies for different classes of traffic.< >

关键词： Hardware Communication system control Routing Communication system traffic control Real time systems Communication switching Delay Parallel machines Telecommunication traffic Control systems

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MDARTS: A real-time database for the control and monitoring of manufacturing systems

MDARTS: A real-time database for the control and monitoring ...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： V.B. Lortz K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

In this paper, we describe an object-oriented memory-based real-time database system called MDARTS (Multiprocessor Database Architecture for Real-Time Systems). MDARTS is specifically designed to support high-speed real-time applications such as next-generation manufacturing system controllers. MDARTS allows applications to specify their real-time requirements in application code, and during object initialization it attempts to guarantee that these requirements will be met. We have implemented MDARTS on Sun workstations and VME-based multiprocessors and have used our prototype to control an actual manufacturing machine. Our MDARTS prototype can guarantee transaction response times of about 100 microseconds for typical memory-based transactions on VME multiprocessors using 68030 processors.

关键词： Real time systems Control systems Monitoring Manufacturing systems Object oriented databases Prototypes Database systems Sun Workstations Delay

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Modeling of externally-induced/common-cause faults in fault-tolerant systems

Modeling of externally-induced/common-cause faults in fault-...

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Conference on Digital Avionics Systems (DASC)

作者： Hagbae Kim K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Modeling fault behaviors such as fault occurrences and active/benign durations is an essential step to the design and evaluation of fault-tolerant controller computers. We use a beta-binomial distribution to model fault occurrences both in the presence and in the absence of environmentally-induced (thus common-cause) faults. A multinomial distribution is used to model fault active durations. The proposed model is validated by testing it against the data generated by a simulation program that mimics a common-cause fault environment. The model is then applied to the determination of an optimal time-redundancy recovery method for EMI-induced failures in an N-modular redundant controller computer, demonstrating its utility and power.< >

关键词： Fault tolerant systems Fault tolerance Nuclear magnetic resonance Electromagnetic interference Real time systems Power system modeling Hardware Redundancy Temperature Electromagnetic radiation

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SPIDER: flexible and efficient communication support for point-to-point distributed systems

SPIDER: flexible and efficient communication support for poi...

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International Conference on Distributed computing Systems

作者： J. Dolter S. Daniel A. Mehra J. Rexford Wu-Chang Feng Kang Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

SPIDER is a network adapter that provides scalable communication support for point-to-point distributed systems. The device exports an efficient interface to the host processor, provides transparent support for dependable, time-constrained communication, and handles packet routing and switching. The communication support provided by SPIDER exploits concurrency between the independent data channels feeding the point-to-point network, and offers flexible and transparent hardware mechanisms. SPIDER allows the host to exercise fine-grain control over its operation, enabling the latter to monitor and influence data transmission and reception efficiently. In the current implementation, SPIDER interfaces to the Ironics IV-3207, a VMEbus-based 68040 card and will be controlled by x-kernel, a communication executive allowing the flexible composition of communication protocols.< >

关键词： Distributed computing Application software computer networks Concurrent computing Parallel processing Real time systems Packet switching Communication switching Hardware Communication system control

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An environment for importance sampling based on stochastic activity networks

An environment for importance sampling based on stochastic a...

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Reliable Distributed Systems

作者： W.D. Obal W.H. Sanders Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA Center for Reliable and High-Performance Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

Model-based evaluation of reliable distributed and parallel systems is difficult due to the complexity of these systems and the nature of the dependability measures of interest. The complexity creates problems for analytical model solution techniques, and the fact that reliability and availability measures are based on rare events makes traditional simulation methods inefficient. Importance sampling is a well-known technique for improving the efficiency of rare event simulations. However, finding an importance sampling strategy that works well in general is a difficult problem. The best strategy for importance sampling depends on the characteristics of the system and the dependability measure of interest. This fact motivated the development of an environment for importance sampling that would support the wide variety of model characteristics and interesting measures. The environment is based on stochastic activity networks, and importance sampling strategies are specified using the new concept of the importance sampling governor. The governor supports dynamic importance sampling strategies by allowing the stochastic elements of the model to be redefined based on the evolution of the simulation. The utility of the new environment is demonstrated by evaluating the unreliability of a highly dependable fault-tolerant unit used in the well-known MARS architecture. The model is non-Markovian, with Weibull distributed failure times and uniformly distributed repair times.< >

关键词： Monte Carlo methods Stochastic processes Analytical models Discrete event simulation Availability Sampling methods Stochastic systems computer network reliability computer networks Concurrent computing

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Meeting the strict real-time requirements of distributed continuous multimedia applications

Meeting the strict real-time requirements of distributed con...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： W.A. Halang P.A. Laplante A.D. Stoyenko Faculty of Electrical Engineering FernUniversität Hagen Hagen Germany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Fairleigh Dickinson University Madison NJ USA Real Time Computing Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

In this paper we discuss synchronization techniques-and specifically their implementation at the hardware, operating system and high-level language levels-that can be used to achieve deadline satisfaction. In particular, it is shown that by endowing process control computers with fully parallel input and output mechanisms making use of exact time specifications, synchronization and deadline satisfaction can be achieved at the same time without any jitter. Continuous multimedia applications require accurate synchronization of the clocks in different processors. The available solutions have considerable accuracy or applicability. Local clock synchronization by radio transmitted time information turns out to be the only general purpose and high accuracy technique that is applicable with reasonable effort.< >

关键词： Application software Synchronization Multimedia computing Virtual reality Colored noise Hardware Operating systems TV Clocks Multimedia systems

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Deblurring of images by cellular neural networks with applications to microscopy

Deblurring of images by cellular neural networks with applic...

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IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： J.P. Miller T. Roska T. Sziranyi K.R. Crounse L.O. Chua L. Nemes Division Neurobiology Department of Molecular & Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA Analogic and Neural Computing Laboratory Computer and Automation Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Budapest Hungary Electronics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

In this paper it is shown how the Cellular Neural Network (CNN) can be used to perform image and volume deblurring, with particular emphases on applications to microscopy. We discuss the basic linear theory of the CNN including issues of stability and template size. It is observed that a CNN with a small template can be used to implement an Infinite Impulse Response filter. It is then shown how general deblurring problems can be addressed with a CNN when the blurring operator is known. The proposed application is to solve the basic 3-D confocal image reconstruction task about the form of the blurring operator, confocal behavior in microscope images can be obtained with only 3-5 acquired image planes. In addition, the stored program capability of the CNN Universal Machine would provide integration of several image processing and detection tasks in the same architecture.< >

关键词： Cellular neural networks Microscopy Application software Biology computing computer networks Laboratories Stability Optical devices Optical distortion Image resolution

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Handwritten sentence recognition: from signal to syntax

Handwritten sentence recognition: from signal to syntax

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： R. Plamondon S. Clergeau C. Barriere Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Montreal QUE Canada Natural Language Laboratory Computing Science Department Simon Fraser University Canada Centre National d''Etudes Des Telecommunications Lannion France

This paper describes a system dedicated to online handwritten sentence recognition. The prototype is made up of two basic processors. The first controls the data acquisition, pentip trace segmentation, letter identification. The second aims at identifying and correcting the words candidates by integrating syntactic and lexical information. Sentences are parsed to list the grammatical classes of each incorrect candidates then lexical query searches for words in a lexicon according to grammatical classes. A final decision is made using a string comparison algorithm. Tests of the complete system are reported at the end for a typical writer-dependent application.

关键词： Handwriting recognition Prototypes System testing Performance evaluation Natural languages Laboratories Process control Data acquisition Electronic equipment testing Application software

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A SIMPLE DISTRIBUTED LOOP-FREE ROUTING STRATEGY FOR computer-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 1993年第12期4卷 1308-1319页

作者： SHIN, KG CHOU, CC Real-Time Computing Laboratory Computer Science and Engineering Division Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The loops resulting from either component failures or Load changes in a computer communication network degrade the performance and the adaptability of conventional distributed adaptive routing strategies, such as ARPANET's previous routing strategy (APRS). In this paper, we develop a distributed loop-free routing strategy by adding only one additional piece of information-the total number of minimum-delay paths-to the commonly used routing messages and tables. Most conventional approaches to the looping problem suffer high overheads in time and space because each message must either include the first several nodes of its path or trace the entire path to detect a loop. By contrast, the proposed routing strategy requires only easily obtainable information, yet removes loops completely. It is far more efficient in both time and space than its conventional counterparts, especiallyTable Ifor sparse computer networks. The correctness of the proposed strategy is proved, and several illustrative e?xamples are given. The performance of this strategy is shown to be always better than, or at least as good as, that of APRS and any multiorder routing strategies, where the order of a routing strategy is determined by the amount of routing information carried in each routing message.

关键词： ARPANET computer COMMUNICATION NETWORKS DISTRIBUTED ADAPTIVE ROUTING LOOP-FREE OR FAULT-TOLERANT ROUTING NETWORK DELAY TABLES STRATEGY ROUTING MESSAGES

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