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Conference on Local computer Networks (LCN)

作者： Q. Zheng K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The feasibility of using buffered transmission, which has the advantages of eliminating the token passing overhead and relieving the network interface from the complex token handling operations, is considered. The concept of a real-time channel (RTC) and the RTC establishment procedures are reviewed. Its performance is then compared with the FDDI timed token protocol. Simulation results show that the buffered transmission in local area ring networks equipped with real-time channels enhances both the networks' throughput and the ability to support heterogeneous real-time traffic. The implementation of the network interface is also examined with an example design showing the feasibility of real-time channels in high-speed local area networks.< >

关键词： Intelligent networks FDDI Throughput Access protocols Local area networks Network topology Token networks Delay effects Media Access Protocol Network interfaces

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Allocation of periodic task modules with precedence and deadline constraints in distributed real-time systems

Allocation of periodic task modules with precedence and dead...

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Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

作者： C.-J. Hou K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The authors address the problem of allocating (assigning and scheduling) periodic task modules to processing nodes (PNs) in distributed real-time systems subject to task precedence and timing constraints. Using the branch-and-bound technique, a module allocation algorithm (MAA) is proposed to find an optimal allocation that maximizes the probability of meeting task deadlines. To incorporate both timing and logical correctness into module allocation, the probability of meeting task deadlines is used as the objective function. The MAA is then applied to find an optimal allocation of task modules in a distributed system. The timing aspects embedded in the objective function drive the MAA not only to assign task modules to PNs, but also to use a module scheduling algorithm for scheduling all modules assigned to each PN so that all tasks may be completed in time. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed algorithms.< >

关键词： Real time systems Timing Distributed computing Processor scheduling Laboratories Flow graphs Scheduling algorithm Polynomials Load management Hazards

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Derivation of Hard Deadlines for Real-Time Control Systems

Derivation of Hard Deadlines for Real-Time Control Systems

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Kang G. Shin Hagbae Kim Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Real-Time Computing Laboratory University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

The computation-time delay in the feedback controller of a real-time control system may cause failure to update the control input during one or more sampling periods. A dynamic failure is said to occur if this delay exceeds a certain limit called a hard deadline. We present a method for calculating the hard deadlines in linear time-invariant control systems. To derive necessary conditions for (asymptotic) system stability, the state difference equation is modified based on an assumed maximum delay and the probability distribution of delays whose magnitudes are less than, or equal to, the assumed maximum delay. Moreover, the allowed state-space - which is derived from given input and state constraints - is used to calculate the hard deadline as a function of time and the system state. We also consider a one-shot delay model in which a single event causes a dynamic failure.

关键词： Real time systems Control systems Delay effects Electric variables control Electromagnetic interference computer aided instruction Linear feedback control systems Sampling methods Difference equations Probability distribution

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Fault-tolerant real-time communication in distributed computing systems

Fault-tolerant real-time communication in distributed comput...

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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant computing (FTCS)

作者： Q. Zheng K.G. Shin Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

An increasing number of applications require packets to be delivered reliably within prespecified delay bounds. It is shown how this can be achieved by using real-time channels that make soft reservation of network resources to ensure the timely delivery of real-time packets. Algorithms are presented for the establishment of real-time channels, and it is shown how the basic real-time channels can be enhanced to be fault tolerant using the multiple paths between a pair of communicating nodes. The contribution of the former is a tighter schedulability condition that makes more efficient use of network resources than other existing approaches, and the contribution of the latter is a significant improvement in fault tolerance over the basic real-time channel, which is inherently susceptible to component failures.< >

关键词： Fault tolerant systems Real time systems Distributed computing Circuits Bandwidth Delay Fault tolerance Asynchronous transfer mode Intelligent networks computer networks

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Design and evaluation of real-time communication for FieldBus based manufacturing systems

Design and evaluation of real-time communication for FieldBu...

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Conference on Local computer Networks (LCN)

作者： K.G. Shin C.-C. Chou Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

A strategy for handling real-time communications under the FieldBus protocol, which provides end-to-end delivery delay guarantees for time-critical messages, is proposed. This strategy provides a fast local mechanism for establishing intraworkcell real-time connections, while supporting global interworkcell real-time connections. The proposed strategy is fully compatible with the current draft proposal of the FieldBus protocol and also provides flexibility for the choice of scheduling algorithms and adaptability for different traffic loads. Numerical examples are given based on a typical manufacturing network.< >

关键词： Real time systems Field buses Manufacturing systems Protocols Delay Manufacturing processes Process control Time factors Job shop scheduling computer network management

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Dual-chamber intracardiac arrhythmia analysis

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Journal of Electrocardiology 1992年第SUPPL.期25卷 146-146页

作者： James Chiang, Chih-ming Jenkins, Janice M. DiCarlo, Lorenzo A. Lin, Dongping Medical Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

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The CNN universal machine. I. The architecture

The CNN universal machine. I. The architecture

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IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： L.O. Chua T. Roska The Electronics Research Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA Dual and Neural Computing Systems Laboratory in the Computer and Automation Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary

Various types of cellular neural networks (CNNs) are summarized, and a taxonomy of CNNs is given according to the different types of grids, processors, interactions, and modes of operation. The CNN universal machine is introduced. The architecture and the key features of the CNN universal machine are outlined. An exhaustive list of references is given.< >

关键词： Cellular neural networks Turing machines computer architecture Grid computing Laboratories Taxonomy Optical computing Chaos Programmable logic arrays Automation

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The CNN universal machine. II. Programmability and applications

The CNN universal machine. II. Programmability and applicati...

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IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： T. Roska L.O. Chua The Electronics Research Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA Dual and Neural Computing Systems Laboratory in the Computer and Automation Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary

For pt.I, see ibid., p.1-10 (1992). The programmability (as a stored program) of the CNN universal machine is discussed. It is shown why and in which sense this machine is universal. The analogic type of algorithm is introduced. The application potential is reviewed and the biological relevance is analyzed. It is shown that the architecture is optimal not only for silicon implementations, but also for many biological information processing organs that have the same structure.< >

关键词： Cellular neural networks Turing machines Application software Laboratories Neural networks Cloning Storage automation Silicon Information processing Cellular networks

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ProperSYN: A portable parallel algorithm for logic synthesis

ProperSYN: A portable parallel algorithm for logic synthesis

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IEEE International Conference on computer-Aided Design

作者： De Ramkumar Banerjee Center for Reliable & High-Perf. Computing Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana IL USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa IA USA

An algorithm based on the transduction method and implemented in the ProperCAD environment is described. The parallel ProperSYN algorithm attempts to make the execution time manageably small. The algorithm uses an asynchronous message driven computing model with no synchronizing barriers, and hence it is scalable to a larger number of processors. Also, the algorithm is portable across a wide variety parallel machines. Experimental results on various parallel machines are presented. The algorithm is built around a well-defined sequential algorithm interface such that there can be benefits from future expansion of the sequential algorithm.< >

关键词： Design automation Parallel algorithms

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REAL-TIME COMMUNICATIONS IN A computer-CONTROLLED WORKCELL

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION 1991年第1期7卷 105-113页

作者： SHIN, KG Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

A computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system is composed of several workcells, each of which contains robots, NC machines, sensors, and a transport mechanism. Each CIM workcell is controlled by multiple processors interconnected by an intracell bus, but the individual cells are interconnected by an arbitrary network. This paper considers a communication subsystem that is designed to support real-time control and coordination of devices in each CIM cell. The concept of a poll number is proposed to control the access to the intracell bus. The bus access mechanism with the poll number is intended to minimize the probability of real-time messages missing their deadlines. When a CIM task generates a time-constrained message, a poll number is computed for this message according to the message's deadline and the task's prority. When the intracell bus is free, the various tasks at a workcell that desire to use the bus write the poll number onto the bus and read it back, one bit at a time, starting from the most significant bit. If at any time the bit read back is different from the bit written, then the corresponding task drops out of the contention for the bus. Use of a poll number provides not only for decentralized control of the intracell bus, but also a high degree of flexibility in scheduling messages. The performance of the bus access mechanism with a poll number is analyzed and compared with that of a token bus, which is widely used in CIM systems such as MAP networks. The probability of a real-time message missing its deadline in a token bus is found to be much higher than that of the proposed mechanism.

关键词： computer integrated manufacturing Communication system control Robot sensing systems Robot kinematics Sensor systems Distributed control Job shop scheduling Performance analysis Manufacturing automation Access protocols

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