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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： N. Viswanadham K. Dean Minto Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Control Systems Laboratory GE Corporate Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA

A new scheme for robust estimation of the partial state of linear time-invariant multivariable systems is presented, and it is shown how this may be used for the detection of sensor faults in such systems. We consider an observer to be robust if it generates a faithful estimate of the plant state in the face of modelling uncertainty or plant perturbations. Using the Stable Factorization approach we formulate the problem of optimal robust observer design by minimizing an appropriate norm on the estimation error. A logical candidate is the 2-norm, corresponding to an H ∞ optimization problem, for which solutions are readily available. In the special case of a stable plant, the optimal fault diagnosis scheme reduces to an internal model control architecture.

关键词： Robustness Fault detection Observers State estimation MIMO Sensor systems Face detection Uncertainty Estimation error Fault diagnosis

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Fault detection and diagnosis of automated manufacturing systems

Fault detection and diagnosis of automated manufacturing sys...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： N. Viswanadham T.L. Johnson Department of Computer Science & Automation Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Systems Architectures Control Technology Bra General Electric Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA

The authors develop a controller methodology for fault detection and diagnosis using Petri nets and fault trees in automated manufacturing systems. The controller has two levels. At the first level there are dedicated diagnostic systems for each of the subsystems, such as machine centers, robots, conveyers, etc. At the second level there is an intelligent controller monitoring the part flow and coordinating the local diagnostic systems and controllers. The authors assume that local controller and diagnostic systems exist for subsystem-level fault detection and diagnosis, and they present a Petri-net-based intelligent controller for system-level fault detection and diagnosis. The authors also describe fault-free-based diagnostics.< >

关键词： Fault detection Fault diagnosis Manufacturing systems control systems Automatic control Intelligent robots Machine intelligence Petri nets Fault trees Robot kinematics

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HISTORY OF COAST-GUARD SURFACE EFFECT SHIP PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 237-250页

作者： LARIMER, G MCCOLLUM, J SCHAUB, B VANLIEW, D WHIPPLE, C Gary Larimer:received his B.S. (1974) and M.S. (1975) degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. He has worked with the Bechtel Professional Corporation the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and the United States Coast Guard. He is a member of SNAME ASNE ABYC and IMTI. He is the author of “Reaction Fin Applications In Marine Propulsion” which documented the use of asymmetric pre-swirl vanes to increase propulsion efficiency aboard a 41-ft Coast Guard utility boat. It was presented on 5 March 1987 at the Hampton Roads section of SNAME and was nominated for the section paper of the year award. CWO3 Joe Bobby McCollum USCG: iscurrently engineering officer of the Surface Effect Ship Division Seventh Coast Guard District Key West Florida. Prior to this assignment he was assistant engineering officer on the USCGCUte.His other duty tours included engineering assignments on theCape Currenta 95-foot patrol boat on the USCGCUnimak a 311-foot cutter CG Loran Station Upolo Point Hawaii and CG Station Sabine Pass Texas. CWO McCollum was responsible for modifying and repairing the SESs and contributed many unique problem solving ideas which resulted in much improved operation of the Coast Guard Surface Effect Ship Division. Benton H. Schaub:is a senior engineer with Maritime Dynamics Inc. He has a bachelor of science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Schaub has fifteen years of experience working as a test engineer project engineer and design engineer on advanced marine vehicle projects and is a recognized authority in the areas of hull structure seal system and machinery design for surface effect ships. He has participated in virtually every USN SES design development and test evaluation program including: XR-5 XR-10 SES-100A SES-100A1 and the SES-200. He is currently responsible for performing detailed design and analysis in support of the seal system for the Germa

During the early 1980s the United States Coast Guard took delivery of three surface effect ships (SES) from Bell Halter, Inc. These 136-ton, 30-knot plus, aluminum hulled cutters were to be used primarily for drug interdiction in the southeastern United States. By early 1985, however, the full load weight of these cutters had grown to 150 long tons, and their top speed had dropped to below 23 knots in calm water. By mid-1985, operation of all three SESs was suspended to prevent possible catastrophic failure of their main engines. At this point, the USCG joined ranks with Textron Marine systems (then Bell Aerospace), and Detroit Diesel to analyze what had gone wrong, and to propose solutions to the problems encountered. From that beginning, the performance of the Coast Guard's SESs has steadily and dramatically improved until at present all three cutters are able to exceed their original performance specifications. This paper discusses the problems experienced with the SESs, including engine overloading, vibration, ride quality, seal wear, poor lift system performance, and metal cracking, along with the corrective actions taken to solve them. The cooperation between government and private industry, which made this dramatic turn-around in performance possible, is also explored. Lessons learned about SES technology are viewed in relation to the general experience of the Coast Guard with other types of high performance hull forms.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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GRAFCET and SFC as Factory Automation Standards Advantages and Limitations

GRAFCET and SFC as Factory Automation Standards Advantages a...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： A.D. Baker T.L. Johnson D.I. Kerpelman H.A. Sutherland Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Control Technology Branch General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA

Two proposed programming standards for industrial automation, GRAFCET and SFC, are presented. The idea of what makes a `good' programming language is discussed, and the concept of a graphic programming language is introduced. The advantages and limitations of GRAFCET and SFC are presented. This paper concludes with a discussion of the need for further research for more general graphic programming languages for industrial automation.

关键词： Manufacturing automation Automatic control Programmable control Computer languages Relays Electrical equipment industry Industrial control Graphics Costs Logic programming

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Fundamentals of Practical controller Design for LTI Plants with Distributed Parameters: Part 1, Modelling and Well-Posedness

Fundamentals of Practical Controller Design for LTI Plants w...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： A.J. Helmicki C.A. Jacobson C.N. Nett Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Control Engineering Branch General Electric Corporate Research and Development Center Schenectady NY USA

This paper addresses some fundamental concerns pertaining to the subject of practical controller design for LTI plants with possibly distributed parameters. The well-posedness of a general LTI model is introduced in terms of the existence of bandlimited stabilizing compensation for the given model. The well posedness of a model is critical from an implementation standpoint for the application of any model-based controller design methodology. The problem addressed in this paper is to characterize LTI distributed parameter models that are well posed with respect to bandlimited stabilising control. The problem is posed on a framework consisting of a novel class of convolution kernels and a completely general control system configuration. These two aspects of the problem formulation place no a priori restriction on the class of LTI distributed paramater systems under consideration or the control design methodology used. Indeed, this framework allows the modelling of LTI distributed parameter systems including point sensing, boundary actuation and effects of initial conditions. Within this framework the result obtained are algebraic in nature. A characterization of well-posed models is given in the form of necessary conditions for the existence of a bandlimited stabilizing controller. Also a restriction of the class of all linear distributed parameter systems under consideration is derived which exhibits this condition.

关键词： control systems Bandwidth Design methodology Convolution Distributed parameter systems Kernel Algebra Design engineering Jacobian matrices State-space methods

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The Minimal Manual

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Human—Computer Interaction 1987年第2期3卷 123-153页

作者： Carroll, John M. Smith-Kerker, Penny L. Ford, James R. Mazur-Rimetz, Sandra A. User Interface Institute IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center NY 10598 Box 704 Yorktown Heights United States IBM Austin Laboratory Development Human Factors Austin TX 78758 11400 Burnet Road United States IBM Federal Systems Division Headquarters Bethesda MD 20817 6600 Rockledge Drive United States Micro Control Systems Vernon CT 06606 27 Hartford Turnpike United States

The Minimal Manual was designed to address difficulties people have with state-of-the-art self-instruction manuals in learning to use powerful computing devices. It is briefer;it helps learners to coordinate their attention between the system and the manual;it specifically trains error recognition and recovery;it better supports reference use after training. In two experiments, the Minimal Manual was shown to afford more efficient learning progress than an otherwise comparable, commercially developed self-instruction manual, and was superior in the specific areas predicted by its design. © 1987, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

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APPLICATION OF TITANIUM IN SHIPBOARD SEAWATER COOLING systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 124-134页

作者： ADAMSON, WL SCHUTZ, RW Wayne L. Adamson:is currently head of the Fluid Systems and Machinery Analysis Branch of the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland. Mr. Adamson has conducted and directed research and development of heat exchangers condensers desalination equipment pumps and piping systems. He has been employed at DTNSRDC since 1957. During the past 10 years he has been actively involved in the development of titanium for shipboard machinery particularly for application in heat exchangers and steam condensers and in the evaluation of fouling and fouling control methods for piping and heat exchanger systems. Mr. Adamson is a member of ASME and ASNE having previously served as secretary for the Flagship Section and as a member of the ASNE Day Papers Committee. He has had several technical papers published in the Naval Engineers Journal as well as in other technical journals and books. He holds a bachelor of mechanical engineering degree (1962) and a master of science in mechanical engineering degree (1966) from Georgia Institute of Technology and a master of science in governmental administration from George Washington University (1969). He is a registered professional engineer in the State of Maryland. Ronald W. Schutz:received his B. S. (Cum Laude) and M. S. degrees in inorganic electrochemistry from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy New York. He is a recipient of the 1981 A. B. Campbell Award for young authors from the National Association of Corrosion Engineers. He has eleven years experience with corrosion research product development and industrial application of titanium alloys. He has presented and published more than twenty technical papers including reference handbook articles on the subject of titanium corrosion behavior and related application guidelines. He currently holds position of supervisor industrial product development and corrosion research at TIMET Corp. Division of TMCA Henderson Nevada. Mr. Schutz is a member of ASTM and NACE.

Titanium alloys are evaluated as an alternative to the current copper-nickel components now employee in U.S. Navy surface ship seawater cooling systems. Titanium offers a solution to the accelerated seawater corrosion and erosion related attack being experienced in seawater systems aboard CG-47 class cruisers as well as other ship classes and can provide a means for extending service life and substantially improving reliability. Both the positive and potentially negative aspects of utilizing titanium in piping and heat exchangers are reviewed. Titanium's excellent resistance to corrosion and erosion attack, good yield strength and relatively low density permit use of thinner-walled, reduced diameter piping and heat exchanger tubing (relative to copper-nickel) and thus offer reduced system weight and volume. System design strategies are discussed for eliminating or greatly mitigating the adverse effects of galvanic corrosion and marine biofouling, the two major concerns when applying titanium in seawater piping and heat exchanger systems. An overall assessment of titanium versus copper-nickel alloys is provided with regard to piping and heat exchanger fabrication, cost, performance, design criteria, piping component (valves, pumps, etc.) selection criteria, and operational limitations. Specific topics addressed as part of that assessment include: (1) shipyard fabricability of titanium piping systems and onboard repair; (2) biofouling experience and biofouling control techniques with titanium in seawater; (3) galvanic corrosion effects when titanium is coupled to active (less noble) metals and the strategies for eliminating the risk of galvanic attack. The viability of titanium for surface ship seawater systems is summarized, and areas of future work are discussed with the intent of providing guidance for successful application of titanium in shipboard seawater systems.

关键词： TITANIUM AND ALLOYS

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MPCS - THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS-control SYSTEM

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1986年第4期65卷 35-45页

作者： DUNIETZ, IS HSU, JLC MCEACHERN, MT STOCKING, JH SWARTZ, MA TROMBLY, RM The authors Irwin S. Dunietz John L.C. Hsu Michael T. McEachern James H. Stocking Mark A. Swartz andRodney M. Tromblyare responsible for design and development of the Manufacturing Process Control System. Mr. Dunietz joined AT&T in 1980. He is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at AT&T Engineering Research Center Princeton New Jersey. He received an A.B. in mathematics from Cornell University and an M.S.E. in computer science from Princeton University. Mr. Hsu who joined AT&T in 1970 is a department head in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Missouri. Mr. McEachern joined AT&T in 1962 and is a supervisor in the 5ESS™ Line Unit Manufacturing department at AT&T Technologies in Oklahoma City Oklahoma. He is responsible for the manufacturing process control center in Oklahoma City which provides computerized support for all circuit pack manufacturing. Mr. Stocking who joined AT&T in 1975 is a supervisor in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of California Berkeley. Mr. Swartz joined AT&T in 1980 and is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an A.B. in computer science from Cornell University and an M.S. in computer science from Rutgers—The State University. Mr. Trombly who joined AT&T in 19 78 is an assistant manager at the AT&T Merrimack Valley Works in Massachusetts. Previously he was a supervisor at the Engineering Research Center. He holds a B.S. in computers and systems engineering and an M.S.E.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

The central challenge of all manufacturing is making products to the right standards and delivering them at the right time. AT&T is upgrading its corporate and factory resource planning systems to improve control of day-to-day manufacturing. The Manufacturing Process control System (MPCS), developed at the AT&T Engineering research Center (ERC), provides this support. MPCS connects the shop floor with production scheduling, accounting, product data archive, and engineering support systems.

关键词： PRODUCTION control

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WARSHIPS AND COST CONSTRAINTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第2期98卷 41-52页

作者： HOPE, JP STORTZ, VE Jan Paul Hope a native of Northern Virginia received his bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Virginia in 1969. Upon graduation he began his career in the Department of the Navy with the Naval Ship Systems Command in the acquisition of patrol craft mine sweepers and submarine rescue ships. In January 1971 he transferred to the ship arrangements branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was selected for the long-term training program at George Washington University in 1974 and completed the program in February 1976 with the degree of master of engineering administration. While at the Naval Ship Engineering Center Mr. Hope was general arrangement task leader on the AO-177 CG-47 CSGN CSGN (VSTOL) CGN-9 (Aegis) and CGN-42 and he also assisted in the landmark Naval Sea Systems Command civilian professional community study. In 1978 he was selected as acting head of the damage control section and subsequently was selected as acting head of the surface ship hydrodynamic section. In February 1980 he was promoted to head of the surface combatant arrangements design section. Mr. Hope was selected for the first class of the NA VSEA commander's development program. While on the program he served in the DDGX combat systems engineering division and the DDGX project office of NA VSEA was the assistant director for ship design in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics and was the director of weight engineering and the director of systems engineering for the DDG-51 project in NA VSEA. Upon completion of the program Mr. Hope was assigned as the deputy director of the boiler engineering division to create a new division as a major fleet support initiative by NA VSEA. In June 1985 he joined the staff of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for shipbuilding and logistics. Mr. Hope was presented the Department of the Navy meritorious civilian service medal in June 1983 for his service with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the

This paper discusses the need and processes for designing warships to meet cost constraints and for managing warship acquisition programs during the design phase to assure effective adherence to production cost constraints by the design team. The resource control methodology used during the contract design of the Arleigh Burke class destroyer, DDG-51, is examined as a potential model for controlling the cost while maintaining the combat effectiveness of warships. The paper begins with a summary of the basic issue — the relationship among unit cost, unit capability, force level numbers, and force capability — showing recent trends in destroyer costs and force levels. This introduction also includes a discussion of the cost constraint for the DDG-51 in relation to historical trends and ship construction funding allocation. The resource control methodology used to reduce and control costs of the DDG-51 is discussed with a summary of the approach, key concepts and tools, chronology of key events, examples, and results achieved. A number of observations on this methodology are then made which are followed by comments on life cycle costs. The paper concludes with remarks on the future application of the resource control methodology and areas for further work to improve future resource control efforts.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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A CONDITION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING-SYSTEM WITH APPLICATION TO UNITED-STATES NAVY SHIP OPERATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第7期97卷 29-38页

作者： REID, RE was born in Glasgow Scotland. He received the BS degree with honors in 1964 from the University of Glasgow and the ME and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Virginia in 1977 and 1979 all in mechanical engineering. From 1964 to 1970 he worked for Ferranti Ltd. Edinburgh Scotland as research engineer in the design of inertial navigation systems. From 1970 to 1972 he was systems engineer with Litton Ship Systems responsible for the navigation system for the Spruance class destroyer. He was research section head with Sperry Marine Systems Charlottesville Virginia from 1972 to 1978 responsible for the design and development of navigation and steering control systems. He is currently president of Erskine Systems Control Inc. and also holds an appointment as associate professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign the faculty of which he joined in 1979. His present primary research interests are in the application of control and estimation theory to ship control and operations with particular emphasis on energy efficiency and management. Dr. Reid is chairman of the technical panel on optimal control in the Dynamic Systems and Control Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi. He is registered as a Chartered Engineer in the United Kingdom.

The paper describes a microprocessor based onboard automatic ship condition/performance monitoring system. The capabilities of the system for achievement of improved maintenance management and increased operational standard are presented. By the design principles employed, and the system implementation as a distributed digital processing system, it is shown that the technology described is compatible with current U.S. Navy goals both for onboard control and surveillance systems and for reduction in the maintenance costs necessary to achieve high availability and performance of its ship.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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