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arXiv 2022年

作者： Maier-Hein, Lena Reinke, Annika Godau, Patrick Tizabi, Minu D. Buettner, Florian Christodoulou, Evangelia Glocker, Ben Isensee, Fabian Kleesiek, Jens Kozubek, Michal Reyes, Mauricio Riegler, Michael A. Wiesenfarth, Manuel Emre Kavur, A. Sudre, Carole H. Baumgartner, Michael Eisenmann, Matthias Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Rädsch, Tim Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew B. Jorge Cardoso, M. Cheplygina, Veronika Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian Ginneken, Bram Van Haase, Robert Hashimoto, Daniel A. Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kenngott, Hannes Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Petersen, Jens Rajpoot, Nasir Rieke, Nicola Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten Van Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben Van Varoquaux, Gaël Jäger, Paul F. Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science and Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Germany partner site Frankfurt/Mainz a partnership between DKFZ and UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt Germany Department of Informatics Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing and HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany Institute for AI in Medicine University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Faculty of Informatics Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Bern University of Bern Bern Switzerland Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering Oslo Norway UiT The Arctic University of Norway Romsø Norway Heidelberg Division of Biostatistics Germany Heidelberg Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Division of Medical Image Computing HI Applied Computer Vision Lab Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal

Increasing evidence shows that flaws in machine learning (ML) algorithm validation are an underestimated global problem. Particularly in automatic biomedical image analysis, chosen performance metrics often do not reflect the domain interest, thus failing to adequately measure scientific progress and hindering translation of ML techniques into practice. To overcome this, we created Metrics Reloaded, a comprehensive framework guiding researchers in the problem-aware selection of metrics. It was developed by a large international consortium in a multi-stage Delphi process and is based on the novel concept of a problem fingerprint – a structured representation of the given problem that captures all aspects that are relevant for metric selection, from the domain interest to the properties of the target structure(s), data set and algorithm output. Based on the problem fingerprint, users are guided through the process of choosing and applying appropriate validation metrics while being made aware of potential pitfalls. Metrics Reloaded targets image analysis problems that can be interpreted as a classification task at image, object or pixel level, namely image-level classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation tasks. To improve the user experience, we implemented the framework in the Metrics Reloaded online tool. Following the convergence of ML methodology across application domains, Metrics Reloaded fosters the convergence of validation methodology. Its applicability is demonstrated for various biomedical use cases. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Requirements on the gain calibration for LiteBIRD polarisation data with blind component separation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Carralot, F. Carones, A. Krachmalnicoff, N. Ghigna, T. Novelli, A. Pagano, L. Piacentini, F. Baccigalupi, C. Adak, D. Anand, A. Aumont, J. Azzoni, S. Ballardini, M. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basak, S. Basyrov, A. Bersanelli, M. Bortolami, M. Brinckmann, T. Cacciotti, F. Campeti, P. Carinos, E. Casas, F.J. Cheung, K. Clermont, L. Columbro, F. Conenna, G. Coppi, G. Coppolecchia, A. Cuttaia, F. de Bernardis, P. De Lucia, M. Della Torre, S. Di Giorgi, E. Diego-Palazuelos, P. Essinger-Hileman, T. Ferreira, E. Finelli, F. Franceschet, C. Galloni, G. Galloway, M. Gervasi, M. Génova-Santos, R.T. Giardiello, S. Gimeno-Amo, C. Gjerløw, E. Gruppuso, A. Hazumi, M. Henrot-Versillé, S. Hergt, L.T. Hivon, E. Ishino, H. Jost, B. Kohri, K. Lamagna, L. Leloup, C. Lembo, M. Levrier, F. Lonappan, A.I. López-Caniego, M. Luzzi, G. Macias-Perez, J. Martínez-González, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. Matsumura, T. Micheli, S. Monelli, M. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mot, B. Mousset, L. Nagano, Y. Nagata, R. Namikawa, T. Natoli, P. Obata, I. Occhiuzzi, A. Paiella, A. Paoletti, D. Pascual-Cisneros, G. Patanchon, G. Pavlidou, V. Pisano, G. Polenta, G. Porcelli, L. Puglisi, G. Raffuzzi, N. Remazeilles, M. Rubiño-Martín, J.A. Ruiz-Granda, M. Sanghavi, J. Scott, D. Shiraishi, M. Sullivan, R.M. Takase, Y. Tassis, K. Terenzi, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Vacher, L. van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Weymann-Despres, G. Wollack, E.J. Zannoni, M. Zhou, Y. Via Bonomea 265 Trieste34136 Italy Università di Trento Dipartimento di Fisica Via Sommarive 14 Trento38123 Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste via Valerio 2 Trieste34127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Roma00133 Italy IFPU Via Beirut 2 Grignano Trieste34151 Italy Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan UTIAS The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica Università La Sapienza P. le A. Moro 2 Roma Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara44122 Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara44122 Italy Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale Orsay91405 France INFN Sezione di Roma P.le A. Moro 2 Roma00185 Italy Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands E-38200 Spain IRAP Université de Toulouse CNRS CNES UPS Toulouse France Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States INAF - OAS Bologna via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Avenida los Castros SN Santander39005 Spain Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" Università degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 8 PadovaI-35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova via Marzolo 8 PadovaI-35131 Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5 PadovaI-35122 Italy School of Physics Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala PO Vithura Kerala Thiruvananthapuram695551 India Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo Blindern Oslo Norway Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 GarchingD-85748 Germany Excellence Cluster ORIGINS Boltzmannstr. 2 Garching85748 Germany Jodrell Bank Ce

The detection of primordial B modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) could provide information about the early stages of the Universe’s evolution. The faintness of this signal requires exquisite calibration accuracy and control of instrumental systematic effects which otherwise could bias the measurements. In this work, we study the impact of an imperfect relative polarisation gain calibration on the recovered value of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r for the LiteBIRD experiment, through the application of the blind Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC) foreground-cleaning method. We derive requirements on the relative calibration accuracy of the overall polarisation gain (∆gν) for each LiteBIRD frequency channel. Our results show that minimum variance techniques, as NILC, are less sensitive to systematic gain calibration uncertainties compared to a parametric approach, if the latter is not equipped with a proper modelling of these instrumental effects. In this study, the most stringent requirements are found in the channels where the CMB signal is relatively brighter, with the tightest constraints at 166 GHz (∆gν ≈ 0.16%). This differs from the outcome of an analogous analysis performed with a parametric method, where the tightest requirements are obtained for the foreground-dominated channels. Gain calibration uncertainties, corresponding to the derived requirements, are then simultaneously propagated into all frequency channels. By doing so, we find that the overall impact on estimated r is lower than the total gain systematic budget for LiteBIRD approximately by a factor 5, due to the correlations of the impacts of gain calibration uncertainties in different frequency channels. In order to decouple the systematic effect from the specific choice of the model, we derive the requirements assuming constant spectral parameters for the foreground emission. To assess the robustness of the obtained results against more realistic scenarios, we repeat the analysi

关键词： Budget control

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Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*

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Physical Review D 2021年第10期103卷 104047-104047页

作者： Prashant Kocherlakota Luciano Rezzolla Heino Falcke Christian M. Fromm Michael Kramer Yosuke Mizuno Antonios Nathanail Héctor Olivares Ziri Younsi Kazunori Akiyama Antxon Alberdi Walter Alef Juan Carlos Algaba Richard Anantua Keiichi Asada Rebecca Azulay Anne-Kathrin Baczko David Ball Mislav Baloković John Barrett Bradford A. Benson Dan Bintley Lindy Blackburn Raymond Blundell Wilfred Boland Katherine L. Bouman Geoffrey C. Bower Hope Boyce Michael Bremer Christiaan D. Brinkerink Roger Brissenden Silke Britzen Avery E. Broderick Dominique Broguiere Thomas Bronzwaer Do-Young Byun John E. Carlstrom Andrew Chael Chi-kwan Chan Shami Chatterjee Koushik Chatterjee Ming-Tang Chen Yongjun Chen (陈永军) Paul M. Chesler Ilje Cho Pierre Christian John E. Conway James M. Cordes Thomas M. Crawford Geoffrey B. Crew Alejandro Cruz-Osorio Yuzhu Cui Jordy Davelaar Mariafelicia De Laurentis Roger Deane Jessica Dempsey Gregory Desvignes Sheperd S. Doeleman Ralph P. Eatough Joseph Farah Vincent L. Fish Ed Fomalont Raquel Fraga-Encinas Per Friberg H. Alyson Ford Antonio Fuentes Peter Galison Charles F. Gammie Roberto García Olivier Gentaz Boris Georgiev Ciriaco Goddi Roman Gold José L. Gómez Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz Minfeng Gu (顾敏峰) Mark Gurwell Kazuhiro Hada Daryl Haggard Michael H. Hecht Ronald Hesper Luis C. Ho (何子山) Paul Ho Mareki Honma Chih-Wei L. Huang Lei Huang (黄磊) David H. Hughes Shiro Ikeda Makoto Inoue Sara Issaoun David J. James Buell T. Jannuzi Michael Janssen Britton Jeter Wu Jiang (江悟) Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales Michael D. Johnson Svetlana Jorstad Taehyun Jung Mansour Karami Ramesh Karuppusamy Tomohisa Kawashima Garrett K. Keating Mark Kettenis Dong-Jin Kim Jae-Young Kim Jongsoo Kim Junhan Kim Motoki Kino Jun Yi Koay Yutaro Kofuji Patrick M. Koch Shoko Koyama Carsten Kramer Thomas P. Krichbaum Cheng-Yu Kuo Tod R. Lauer Sang-Sung Lee Aviad Levis Yan-Rong Li (李彦荣) Zhiyuan Li (李志远) Michael Lindqvist Rocco Lico Greg Lindahl Jun Liu (刘俊) Kuo Liu Elisabetta Liuzzo Wen-Ping Lo Andrei P. Lobanov Laurent Loinard Colin Lonsdale Ru-Sen Lu Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt Germany School of Mathematics Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland Department of Astrophysics Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 D-53121 Bonn Germany Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Department of Physics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis GR 15783 Zografos Greece Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road Westford Massachusetts 01886 USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New York New York 10010 USA Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C. Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 E-46100 Burjassot València Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 E-46980 Paterna

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes.

关键词： Alternative gravity theories Experimental studies of gravity General relativity Radio, microwave, & sub-mm astronomy Accretion disk & black-hole plasma Classical black holes Galaxies Electromagnetic radiation astronomy

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Impact of beam far side-lobe knowledge in the presence of foregrounds for LiteBIRD

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Leloup, C. Patanchon, G. Errard, J. Franceschet, C. Gudmundsson, J.E. Henrot-Versillé, S. Imada, H. Ishino, H. Matsumura, T. Puglisi, G. Wang, W. Adler, A. Aumont, J. Aurlien, R. Baccigalupi, C. Ballardini, M. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basyrov, A. Bersanelli, M. Blinov, D. Bortolami, M. Brinckmann, T. Campeti, P. Carones, A. Carralot, F. Casas, F.J. Cheung, K. Clermont, L. Columbro, F. Conenna, G. Coppolecchia, A. Cuttaia, F. D’Alessandro, G. de Bernardis, P. de Haan, T. De Petris, M. Torre, S. Della Diego-Palazuelos, P. Eriksen, H.K. Finelli, F. Fuskeland, U. Galloni, G. Galloway, M. Georges, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, M. Génova-Santos, R.T. Ghigna, T. Giardiello, S. Gimeno-Amo, C. Gjerløw, E. Gruppuso, A. Hazumi, M. Hergt, L.T. Herranz, D. Hivon, E. Hoang, T.D. Jost, B. Kohri, K. Krachmalnicoff, N. Lee, A.T. Lembo, M. Levrier, F. Lonappan, A.I. López-Caniego, M. Macias-Perez, J. Martínez-González, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. Micheli, S. Monelli, M. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mot, B. Mousset, L. Namikawa, T. Natoli, P. Novelli, A. Noviello, F. Obata, I. Odagiri, K. Pagano, L. Paiella, A. Paoletti, D. Pascual-Cisneros, G. Pavlidou, V. Piacentini, F. Piccirilli, G. Pisano, G. Polenta, G. Raffuzzi, N. Remazeilles, M. Ritacco, A. Rizzieri, A. Ruiz-Granda, M. Sakurai, Y. Shiraishi, M. Stever, S.L. Takase, Y. Tassis, K. Terenzi, L. Thompson, K.L. Tristram, M. Vacher, L. Vielva, P. Wehus, I.K. Weymann-Despres, G. Zannoni, M. Zhou, Y. UTIAS The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Université de Paris CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie ParisF-75013 France Dipartimento di Fisica Universita’ degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16 Milano20133 Italy The Oskar Klein Centre Department of Physics Stockholm University StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Université Paris-Saclay CNRS IN2P3 IJCLab Orsay91405 France National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Okayama University Department of Physics Okayama700-8530 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Universitá degli Studi di Catania Via S. Sofia64 Catania95123 Italy INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania via S.Sofia 78 CataniaI-95123 Italy INFN Sezione di Catania via S.Sofia 64 CataniaI-95123 Italy IRAP Université de Toulouse CNRS CNES UPS Toulouse France Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics University of Oslo Blindern Oslo Norway Via Bonomea 265 Trieste34136 Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste via Valerio 2 Trieste34127 Italy IFPU Via Beirut 2 Grignano Trieste34151 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra Università di Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara44122 Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara44122 Italy INAF - OAS Bologna via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Avenida los Castros SN Santander39005 Spain Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei Universita‘degli Studi di Padova via Marzolo 8 PadovaI-35131 Italy INFN Sezione di Padova via Marzolo 8 PadovaI-35131 Italy INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5 PadovaI-35122 Italy Institute of Astrophysics Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Vasilika Vouton HeraklionGR-70013 Greece Department of Physics ITCP University of Crete HeraklionGR-70013 Greece Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 GarchingD-85748 Germany Excellence Cluster ORIGINS Boltzmannstr. 2 Garc

We present a study of the impact of a beam far side-lobe lack of knowledge on the measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode signal at large scale. Beam far side-lobes induce a mismatch in the transfer function of Galactic foregrounds between the dipole and higher multipoles which degrades the performances of component separation methods. This leads to foreground residuals in the CMB map. It is expected to be one of the main source of systematic effects in future CMB polarization observations. Thus, it becomes crucial for all-sky survey missions to take into account the interplays between beam systematic effects and all the data analysis steps. LiteBIRD is the ISAS/JAXA second strategic large-class satellite mission and is dedicated to target the measurement of CMB primordial B modes by reaching a sensitivity on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r of σ (r) ≤ 10−3 assuming r = 0. The primary goal of this paper is to provide the methodology and develop the framework to carry out the end-to-end study of beam far side-lobe effects for a space-borne CMB experiment. We introduce uncertainties in the beam model, and propagate the beam effects through all the steps of the analysis pipeline, most importantly including component separation, up to the cosmological results in the form of a bias δr. As a demonstration of our framework, we derive requirements on the calibration and modeling for the LiteBIRD’s beams under given assumptions on design, simulation, component separation method and allocated error budget. In particular, we assume a parametric method of component separation with no mitigation of the far side-lobes effect at any stage of the analysis pipeline. We show that δr is mostly due to the integrated fractional power difference between the estimated beams and the true beams in the far side-lobes region, with little dependence on the actual shape of the beams, for low enough δr. Under our set of assumptions, in particular considering the specific foreground cle

关键词： Pipelines

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The leap to ordinal: Detailed functional prognosis after traumatic brain injury with a flexible modelling approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bhattacharyay, Shubhayu Milosevic, Ioan Wilson, Lindsay Menon, David K. Stevens, Robert D. Steyerberg, Ewout W. Nelson, David W. Ercole, Ari Åkerlund, Cecilia Amrein, Krisztina Andelic, Nada Andreassen, Lasse Anke, Audny Antoni, Anna Audibert, Gérard Azouvi, Philippe Azzolini, Maria Luisa Bartels, Ronald Barzó, Pál Beauvais, Romuald Beer, Ronny Bellander, Bo-Michael Belli, Antonio Benali, Habib Berardino, Maurizio Beretta, Luigi Blaabjerg, Morten Bragge, Peter Brazinova, Alexandra Brinck, Vibeke Brooker, Joanne Brorsson, Camilla Buki, Andras Bullinger, Monika Cabeleira, Manuel Caccioppola, Alessio Calappi, Emiliana Calvi, Maria Rosa Cameron, Peter Lozano, Guillermo Carbayo Carbonara, Marco Cavallo, Simona Chevallard, Giorgio Chieregato, Arturo Citerio, Giuseppe Clusmann, Hans Coburn, Mark Coles, Jonathan Cooper, Jamie D. Correia, Marta Čović, Amra Curry, Nicola Czeiter, Endre Czosnyka, Marek Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire Dark, Paul Dawes, Helen De Keyser, Véronique Degos, Vincent Della Corte, Francesco den Boogert, Hugo Depreitere, Bart Đilvesi, Đula Dixit, Abhishek Donoghue, Emma Dreier, Jens Dulière, Guy-Loup Esser, Patrick Ezer, Erzsébet Fabricius, Martin Feigin, Valery L. Foks, Kelly Frisvold, Shirin Furmanov, Alex Gagliardo, Pablo Galanaud, Damien Gantner, Dashiell Gao, Guoyi George, Pradeep Ghuysen, Alexandre Giga, Lelde Glocker, Ben Golubovic, Jagoš Gomez, Pedro A. Gratz, Johannes Gravesteijn, Benjamin Grossi, Francesca Gruen, Russell L. Gupta, Deepak Haagsma, Juanita A. Haitsma, Iain Helbok, Raimund Helseth, Eirik Horton, Lindsay Huijben, Jilske Hutchinson, Peter J. Jacobs, Bram Jankowski, Stefan Jarrett, Mike Jiang, Ji-Yao Johnson, Faye Jones, Kelly Karan, Mladen Kolias, Angelos G. Kompanje, Erwin Kondziella, Daniel Kornaropoulos, Evgenios Koskinen, Lars-Owe Kovács, Noémi Kowark, Ana Lagares, Alfonso Lanyon, Linda Laureys, Steven Lecky, Fiona Ledoux, Didier Lefering, Rolf Legrand, Valerie Lejeune, Aurelie Levi, Leon Lightfoot, Roger Lingsma, Hester Maas, Andrew I.R. Castaño-León, Ana M. Maegele, Marc Majdan, M Division of Anaesthesia University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge United Kingdom Division of Neurosurgery Department of Clinical Neurosciences Addenbrooke's Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Laboratory of Computational Intensive Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Division of Psychology University of Stirling Stirling United Kingdom Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Section for Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Cambridge Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Cambridge United Kingdom Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Oslo University Hospital University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Northern Norway Tromso Norway Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University Hospital Northern Norway Tromso Norway Trauma Surgery Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care University Hospital Nancy Nancy France Raymond Poincare Hospital Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris Paris France Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care S Raffaele University Hospital Milan Italy Department of Neurosurgery Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Neurosurgery University of Szeged Szeged Hungary International Projects Management ARTTIC Munchen Germany Department of Neurology Neurological Intensive Care Unit Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Department of Neurosurgery & Anesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre Birmingham United Kingdom Anesthesi

When a patient is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), an early prognosis is essential for baseline risk adjustment and shared decision making. TBI outcomes are commonly categorised by the Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOSE) into eight, ordered levels of functional recovery at 6 months after injury. Existing ICU prognostic models predict binary outcomes at a certain threshold of GOSE (e.g., prediction of survival [GOSE > 1]). We aimed to develop ordinal prediction models that concurrently predict probabilities of each GOSE score. From a prospective cohort (n = 1,550, 65 centres) in the ICU stratum of the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness research in TBI (center-TBI) patient dataset, we extracted all clinical information within 24 hours of ICU admission (1,151 predictors) and 6-month GOSE scores. We analysed the effect of two design elements on ordinal model performance: (1) the baseline predictor set, ranging from a concise set of ten validated predictors to a token-embedded representation of all possible predictors, and (2) the modelling strategy, from ordinal logistic regression to multinomial deep learning. With repeated k-fold cross-validation, we found that expanding the baseline predictor set significantly improved ordinal prediction performance while increasing analytical complexity did not. Half of these gains could be achieved with the addition of eight high-impact predictors to the concise set. At best, ordinal models achieved 0.76 (95% CI: 0.74 - 0.77) ordinal discrimination ability (ordinal c-index) and 57% (95% CI: 54% - 60%) explanation of ordinal variation in 6-month GOSE (Somers' Dxy). Model performance and the effect of expanding the predictor set decreased at higher GOSE thresholds, indicating the difficulty of predicting better functional outcomes shortly after ICU admission. Our results motivate the search for informative predictors that improve confidence in prognosis of higher GOSE a

关键词： Neural network models

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Author Correction: Why rankings of biomedical image analysis competitions should be interpreted with care

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Nature communications 2019年第1期10卷 588页

作者： Lena Maier-Hein Matthias Eisenmann Annika Reinke Sinan Onogur Marko Stankovic Patrick Scholz Tal Arbel Hrvoje Bogunovic Andrew P Bradley Aaron Carass Carolin Feldmann Alejandro F Frangi Peter M Full Bram van Ginneken Allan Hanbury Katrin Honauer Michal Kozubek Bennett A Landman Keno März Oskar Maier Klaus Maier-Hein Bjoern H Menze Henning Müller Peter F Neher Wiro Niessen Nasir Rajpoot Gregory C Sharp Korsuk Sirinukunwattana Stefanie Speidel Christian Stock Danail Stoyanov Abdel Aziz Taha Fons van der Sommen Ching-Wei Wang Marc-André Weber Guoyan Zheng Pierre Jannin Annette Kopp-Schneider Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany. l.maier-hein@dkfz.de. Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany. Centre for Intelligent Machines McGill University Montreal QC H3A0G4 Canada. Christian Doppler Laboratory for Ophthalmic Image Analysis Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria. Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA. CISTIB - Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine The University of Leeds Leeds Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Medical Image Analysis Radboud University Center 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands. Institute of Information Systems Engineering TU Wien 1040 Vienna Austria. Complexity Science Hub Vienna 1080 Vienna Austria. Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany. Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Masaryk University 60200 Brno Czech Republic. Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1679 USA. Institute of Medical Informatics Universität zu Lübeck 23562 Lübeck Germany. Division of Medical Image Computing (MIC) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany. Institute for Advanced Studies Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich 80333 Munich Germany. Information System Institute HES-SO Sierre 3960 Switzerland. Departments of Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Medical Informatics Erasmus MC 3015 GD Rotterdam The Netherlands. Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK. Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA

In the original version of this Article the values in the rightmost column of Table 1 were inadvertently shifted relative to the other columns. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

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The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue. I : The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy (−71.0◦ 67.0◦)

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Elia, Davide Molinari, S. Schisano, E. Pestalozzi, M. Pezzuto, S. Merello, M. Noriega-Crespo, A. Moore, T.J.T. Russeil, D. Mottram, J.C. Paladini, R. Strafella, F. Benedettini, M. Bernard, J.P. Di Giorgio, A. Eden, D.J. Fukui, Y. Plume, R. Bally, J. Martin, P.G. Ragan, S.E. Jaffa, S.E. Motte, F. Olmi, L. Schneider, N. Testi, L. Wyrowski, F. Zavagno, A. Calzoletti, L. Faustini, F. Natoli, P. Palmerim, P. Piacentini, F. Piazzo, L. Pilbratt, G.L. Polychroni, D. Baldeschi, A. Beltrán, M.T. Billot, N. Cambrésy, L. Cesaroni, R. García-Lario, P. Hoare, M.G. Huang, M. Joncas, G. Liu, S.J. Maiolo, B.M.T. Marsh, K.A. Maruccia, Y. Mège, P. Peretto, N. Rygl, K.L.J. Schilke, P. Thompson, M.A. Traficante, A. Umana, G. Veneziani, M. Ward-Thompson, D. Whitworth, A.P. Arab, H. Bandieramonte, M. Becciani, U. Brescia, M. Buemi, C. Bufano, F. Butora, R. Cavuoti, S. Costa, A. Fiorellino, E. Hajnal, A. Hayakawa, T. Kacsuk, P. Leto, P. Li Causi, G. Marchili, N. Martinavarro-Armengol, S. Mercurio, A. Molinaro, M. Riccio, G. Sano, H. Sciacca, E. Tachihara, K. Torii, K. Trigilio, C. Vitello, F. Yamamoto, H. INAF-IAPS via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 Roma00133 Italy Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Dr. BaltimoreMD21218 United States Astrophysics Research Institute Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool Science Park Ic2 146 Brownlow Hill LiverpoolL3 5RF United Kingdom Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS LAM Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille Marseille France Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Infrared Processing Analysis Center California Institute of Technology 770 South Wilson Ave. PasadenaCA91125 United States Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Università del Salento Lecce73100 Italy CNRS IRAP 9 Av. colonel Roche BP 44346 Toulouse cedex 4F-31028 France Université de Toulouse UPS-OMP IRAP Toulouse cedex 4F-31028 France Department of Physics Nagoya University Chikusa-ku Nagoya Aichi464-8601 Japan Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Calgary ABT2N 1N4 Canada Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto McLennan Physical Laboratories 60 St. George Street TorontoON Canada School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff WalesCF24 3AA United Kingdom IPAG University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble38000 France AIM Paris-Saclay CEA/IRFU - CNRS INSU - Univ. Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA-Saclay Gif-surYvette Cedex91191 France INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 Firenze50125 Italy I. Physik. Institut University of Cologne Zülpicher Strasse Köln50937 Germany European Southern Observatory Karl Schwarzschild str. 2 Garching85748 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany ASI Science Data centre 00044 Frascati Roma Italy ESA/ESAC PO Box 78 Villanueva de la Cañada Madrid28691 Spain

Hi-GAL is a large-scale survey of the Galactic plane, performed with Herschel in five infrared continuum bands between 70 and 500 µm. We present a band-merged catalogue of spatially matched sources and their properties derived from fits to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and heliocentric distances, based on the photometric catalogs presented in Molinari et al. (2016a), covering the portion of Galactic plane −71.0◦ 67.0◦. The band-merged catalogue contains 100922 sources with a regular SED, 24584 of which show a 70 µm counterpart and are thus considered proto-stellar, while the remainder are considered starless. Thanks to this huge number of sources, we are able to carry out a preliminary analysis of early stages of star formation, identifying the conditions that characterise different evolutionary phases on a statistically significant basis. We calculate surface densities to investigate the gravitational stability of clumps and their potential to form massive stars. We also explore evolutionary status metrics such as the dust temperature, luminosity and bolometric temperature, finding that these are higher in proto-stellar sources compared to pre-stellar ones. The surface density of sources follows an increasing trend as they evolve from pre-stellar to proto-stellar, but then it is found to decrease again in the majority of the most evolved clumps. Finally, we study the physical parameters of sources with respect to Galactic longitude and the association with spiral arms, finding only minor or no differences between the average evolutionary status of sources in the fourth and first Galactic quadrants, or between "on-arm" and "inter-arm" positions. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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Planck 2018 results. I. Overview, and the cosmological legacy of Planck

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Akrami, Y. Arroja, F. Ashdown, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Ballardini, M. Banday, A.J. Barreiro, R.B. Bartolo, N. Basak, S. Battye, R. Benabed, K. Bernard, J.-P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bock, J.J. Bond, J.R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F.R. Boulanger, F. Bucher, M. Burigana, C. Butler, R.C. Calabrese, E. Cardoso, J.-F. Carron, J. Casaponsa, B. Challinor, A. Chiang, H.C. Colombo, L.P.L. Combet, C. Contreras, D. Crill, B.P. Cuttaia, F. de Bernardis, P. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Delouis, J.-M. Désert, F.-X. Di Valentino, E. Dickinson, C. Diego, J.M. Donzelli, S. Doré, O. Douspis, M. Ducout, A. Dupac, X. Efstathiou, G. Elsner, F. Enßlin, T.A. Eriksen, H.K. Falgarone, E. Fantaye, Y. Fergusson, J. Fernandez-Cobos, R. Finelli, F. Forastieri, F. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Frolov, A. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Génova-Santos, R.T. Gerbino, M. Ghosh, T. González-Nuevo, J. Górski, K.M. Gratton, S. Gruppuso, A. Gudmundsson, J.E. Hamann, J. Handley, W. Hansen, F.K. Helou, G. Herranz, D. Hivon, E. Huang, Z. Jaffe, A.H. Jones, W.C. Karakci, A. Keihänen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kiiveri, K. Kim, J. Kisner, T.S. Knox, L. Krachmalnicoff, N. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Lamarre, J.-M. Langer, M. Lasenby, A. Lattanzi, M. Lawrence, C.R. Le Jeune, M. Leahy, J.P. Lesgourgues, J. Levrier, F. Lewis, A. Liguori, M. Lilje, P.B. Lilley, M. Lindholm, V. López-Caniego, M. Lubin, P.M. Ma, Y.-Z. Macías-Pérez, J.F. Maggio, G. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Mangilli, A. Marcos-Caballero, A. Maris, M. Martin, P.G. Martínez-González, E. Matarrese, S. Mauri, N. McEwen, J.D. Meerburg, P.D. Meinhold, P.R. Melchiorri, A. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Millea, M. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschênes, M.-A. Molinari, D. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Moss, A. Mottet, S. Münchmeyer, M. Natoli, P. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Oxborrow, C.A. Pagano, L. Paoletti, D. Partridge, B. Patanchon, G. Pearson, T.J. Peel, M. Peiris, H.V. AIM CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Gif sur YvetteF-91191 France AIM Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Gif sur YvetteF-91191 France APC AstroParticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Diderot CNRS IN2P3 CEA Lrfu Observatoire de Paris Sorbonne Paris Cité 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet Paris Cedex 1375205 France African Institute for Mathematical Sciences 6-8 Melrose Road Muizenberg Cape Town South Africa Aix Marseille Univ CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Astrophysics Group Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge J J Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Private Bag X54001 Durban4000 South Africa CITA University of Toronto 60 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada CNRS IRAP 9 Av. colonel Roche BP 44346 Toulouse Cedex 4F-31028 France Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Centre for Theoretical Cosmology DAMTP University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Computational Cosmology Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States DTU Space National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej 327 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Département de Physique Théorique Université de Genève 24 Quai E. Ansermet Genève 41211 Switzerland La Laguna TenerifeE-38206 Spain Departamento de Física Universidad de Oviedo C/ Federico García Lorca 18 Oviedo Spain Departamento de Física Matematica Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão 1371 São Paulo Brazil Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Department of General Education National Institute of Technology Kagawa College 355 Chokushi-cho Takamatsu Kagawa76

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013, producing deep, high-resolution, all-sky maps in nine frequency bands from 30 to 857 GHz. This paper presents the cosmological legacy of Planck, which currently provides our strongest constraints on the parameters of the standard cosmological model and some of the tightest limits available on deviations from that model. The 6-parameter ΛCDM model continues to provide an excellent fit to the cosmic microwave background data at high and low redshift, describing the cosmological information in over a billion map pixels with just six parameters. With 18 peaks in the temperature and polarization angular power spectra constrained well, Planck measures five of the six parameters to better than 1 % (simultaneously), with the best-determined parameter (θ∗) now known to 0.03 %. We describe the multi-component sky as seen by Planck, the success of the ΛCDM model, and the connection to lower-redshift probes of structure formation. We also give a comprehensive summary of the major changes introduced in this 2018 release. The Planck data, alone and in combination with other probes, provide stringent constraints on our models of the early Universe and the large-scale structure within which all astrophysical objects form and evolve. We discuss some lessons learned from the Planck mission, and highlight areas ripe for further experimental advances. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Sustainable computational science: The ReScience initiative

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Rougier, Nicolas P. Hinsen, Konrad Alexandre, Frédéric Arildsen, Thomas Barba, Lorena Benureau, Fabien C.Y. Titus Brown, C. de Buyl, Pierre Caglayan, Ozan Davison, Andrew P. Delsuc, Marc André Detorakis, Georgios Diem, Alexandra K. Drix, Damien Enel, Pierre Girard, Benoît Guest, Olivia Hall, Matt G. Henriques, Rafael Neto Hinaut, Xavier Jaron, Kamil S. Khamassi, Mehdi Klein, Almar Manninen, Tiina Marchesi, Pietro McGlinn, Dan Metzner, Christoph Petchey, Owen L. Plesser, Hans Ekkehard Poisot, Timothée Ram, Karthik Ram, Yoav Roesch, Etienne Rossant, Cyrille Rostami, Vahid Shifman, Aaron Stimberg, Marcel Stachelek, Joseph Stollmeier, Frank Vaggi, Federico Viejo, Guillaume Vitay, Julien Vostinar, Anya Yurchak, Roman Zito, Tiziano INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest Talence France Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives Université de Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5293 Bordeaux France LaBRI Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS UMR 5800 Talence France Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR4301 Orléans France Synchrotron SOLEIL Division Expériences Gif sur Yvette France Department of Electronic Systems Technical Faculty of IT and Design Aalborg University Denmark Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering George Washington University WashingtonDC United States Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Davis DavisCA United States Instituut voor Theoretische Fysica KU Leuven Belgium Le Mans France Unité de Neurosciences Information et Complexité CNRS FRE 3693 Gif sur Yvette France Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire INSERM U964 CNRS UMR 7104 Université de Strasbourg Illkirch France Department of Cognitive Sciences University of California Irvine United States Computational Engineering and Design Faculty of Engineering and the Environment University of Southampton United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine Mount SinaiNY United States Institut des Systèmes Intelligent et de Robotique Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Paris France Experimental Psychology University College London United Kingdom UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health University College London London United Kingdom MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Independent scholar Enschede Netherlands BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Center for Neuroscience Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Depart

Computer science offers a large set of tools for prototyping, writing, running, testing, validating, sharing and reproducing results, however computational science lags behind. In the best case, authors may provide their source code as a compressed archive and they may feel confident their research is reproducible. But this is not exactly true. Jonathan Buckheit and David Donoho proposed more than two decades ago that an article about computational results is advertising, not scholarship. The actual scholarship is the full software environment, code, and data that produced the result. This implies new workflows, in particular in peer-reviews. Existing journals have been slow to adapt: source codes are rarely requested, hardly ever actually executed to check that they produce the results advertised in the article. ReScience is a peer-reviewed journal that targets computational research and encourages the explicit replication of already published research, promoting new and open-source implementations in order to ensure that the original research can be replicated from its description. To achieve this goal, the whole publishing chain is radically different from other traditional scientific journals. ReScience resides on GitHub where each new implementation of a computational study is made available together with comments, explanations, and software tests. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Open source software

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ALL THE LITTLE THINGS IN ABELL 2744: > 1000 GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED DWARF GALAXIES AT z = 0 − 9 FROM JWST NIRCAM GRISM SPECTROSCOPY

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Naidu, Rohan P. Matthee, Jorryt Kramarenko, Ivan Weibel, Andrea Brammer, Gabriel Oesch, Pascal A. Lechner, Peter Furtak, Lukas J. Cesare, Claudia Di Torralba, Alberto Kotiwale, Gauri Bezanson, Rachel Bouwens, Rychard J. Chandra, Vedant Claeyssens, Adélaïde Danhaive, A. Lola Frebel, Anna de Graaff, Anna Greene, Jenny E. Heintz, Kasper E. Ji, Alexander P. Daichi, Kashino Katz, Harley Labbe, Ivo Leja, Joel Li, Yijia Maseda, Michael V. Richard, Johan Shivaei, Irene Simcoe, Robert A. Sobral, David Suess, Katherine A. Tacchella, Sandro Williams, Christina C. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research 70 Vassar Street CambridgeMA02139 United States Am Campus 1 Klosterneuburg3400 Austria Department of Astronomy University of Geneva Chemin Pegasi 51 Versoix1290 Switzerland Copenhagen Denmark Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Jagtvej 128 København NDK-2200 Denmark Department of Physics Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Be’er-Sheva84105 Israel INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Via di Frascati 33 Monte Porzio Catone00078 Italy Observatori Astronòmic de la Universitat de València Ed. Instituts d’Investigació Parc Científic. C/ Catedrático José Beltrán n2 Paterna Valencia46980 Spain Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València Burjassot46100 Spain Department of Physics and Astronomy PITT PACC University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Leiden Observatory Leiden University LeidenNL-2300 RA Netherlands Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St CambridgeMA02138 United States The Oskar Klein Centre Department of Astronomy Stockholm University AlbaNova StockholmSE-10691 Sweden Kavli Institute for Cosmology University of Cambridge Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 S Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics The University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC3122 Australia Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Computat

Dwarf galaxies hold the key to crucial frontiers of astrophysics, however, their faintness renders spectroscopy challenging. Here we present the JWST Cycle 2 survey, All the Little Things (ALT, PID 3516), which is designed to seek late-forming Pop III stars and the drivers of reionization at z ∼ 6-7. ALT has acquired the deepest NIRCam grism spectroscopy yet (7-27 hr), at JWST’s most sensitive wavelengths (3-4 µm), covering the powerful lensing cluster Abell 2744. Over the same 30 arcmin2, ALT’s ultra-deep F070W+F090W imaging (∼ 30 mag, 5σ) enables selection of very faint sources at z > 6. We demonstrate the success of ALT’s novel "butterfly" mosaic to solve spectral confusion and contamination, and introduce the "Allegro" method for emission line identification. By collecting spectra for every source in the field of view, ALT has measured precise (R ∼ 1600) redshifts for 1630 sources at z = 0.2-8.5. This includes one of the largest samples of distant dwarf galaxies: [1015, 475, 50] sources less massive than the SMC, Fornax, and Sculptor with log(M∗/M☉) UV ∼ −15;(ii) large-scale clustering – overdensities at z=[2.50, 2.58, 3.97, 4.30, 5.66, 5.77, 6.33] hosting massive galaxies with striking Balmer breaks;(iii) small-scale clustering – a system of satellites around a Milky Way analog at z ∼ 6;(iv) spectroscopically confirmed multiple images that help constrain the lensing model underlying all science in this legacy field;(v) sensitive star-formation maps based on dust-insensitive tracers such as Paα;(vi) direct spectroscopic discovery of rare sources such as AGN with ionized outflows. These results provide a powerful proof of concept for how grism surveys maximize the potential of strong lensing fields. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Small satellites

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