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Multimodal Fusion of Brain Imaging Data: A Key to Finding the Missing Link(s) in Complex Mental Illness

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 2016年第3期1卷 230-244页

作者： Calhoun, Vince D. Sui, Jing Mind Research Network Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute Albuquerque NM United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM United States Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Beijing China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science Institute of Automation Beijing China

It is becoming increasingly clear that combining multimodal brain imaging data provides more information for individual subjects by exploiting the rich multimodal information that exists. However, the number of studies that do true multimodal fusion (i.e., capitalizing on joint information among modalities) is still remarkably small given the known benefits. In part, this is because multimodal studies require broader expertise in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the results than do unimodal studies. In this article, we start by introducing the basic reasons why multimodal data fusion is important and what it can do and, importantly, how it can help us avoid wrong conclusions and help compensate for imperfect brain imaging studies. We also discuss the challenges that need to be confronted for such approaches to be more widely applied by the community. We then provide a review of the diverse studies that have used multimodal data fusion (primarily focused on psychosis) as well as provide an introduction to some of the existing analytic approaches. Finally, we discuss some up-and-coming approaches to multimodal fusion including deep learning and multimodal classification that show considerable promise. Our conclusion is that multimodal data fusion is rapidly growing, but it is still underutilized. The complexity of the human brain coupled with the incomplete measurement provided by existing imaging technology makes multimodal fusion essential to mitigate misdirection and hopefully provide a key to finding the missing link(s) in complex mental illness. © 2016 Society of Biological Psychiatry.

关键词： Brain function Connectivity Data fusion Independent component analysis Psychosis Schizophrenia

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A joint probabilistic model for speckle variance, amplitude decorrelation and interframe variance (IFV) optical coherence tomography angiography

A joint probabilistic model for speckle variance, amplitude ...

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Workshop on Bildverarbeitung fur die Medizin, 2018

作者： Ploner, Stefan B. Riess, Christian Schottenhamml, Julia Moult, Eric M. Waheed, Nadia K. Fujimoto, James G. Maier, Andreas Pattern Recognition Lab FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Research Laboratory for Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States Ophthalmology New England Eye Center Tufts Medical Center Boston United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783662580950

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a general method to visualize blood flow in biological tissue. Despite its good results in practice, the commonly used Amplitude Decorrelation OCTA (AD-OCTA) measure suffers from a well-understood objective function, which makes it challenging to mathematically model post processing tasks like, e.g., denoising. In this paper, a probabilistic model is developed for the three OCTA measures Speckle Variance OCTA, ADOCTA and the newly proposed Interframe Variance OCTA (IFV-OCTA) to enable further tasks like regularization-based denoising. From a theoretical point of view, IFV-OCTA is shown to be in-between the other two methods and can act as a link between them. A small sized observer study suggests that the image quality of IFV-OCTA is comparable to the other methods. IFV-OCTA is a promising OCTA measure for algorithms that require a dependency on the interscan time. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland 2018.

关键词： Angiography

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UNIFORMER: UNIFIED TRANSFORMER FOR EFFICIENT SPATIOTEMPORAL REPRESENTATION LEARNING 10

UNIFORMER: UNIFIED TRANSFORMER FOR EFFICIENT SPATIOTEMPORAL ...

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10th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2022

作者： Li, Kunchang Wang, Yali Gao, Peng Song, Guanglu Liu, Yu Li, Hongsheng Qiao, Yu ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai China SenseTime Research The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

It is a challenging task to learn rich and multi-scale spatiotemporal semantics from high-dimensional videos, due to large local redundancy and complex global dependency between video frames. The recent advances in this research have been mainly driven by 3D convolutional neural networks and vision transformers. Although 3D convolution can efficiently aggregate local context to suppress local redundancy from a small 3D neighborhood, it lacks the capability to capture global dependency because of the limited receptive field. Alternatively, vision transformers can effectively capture long-range dependency by self-attention mechanism, while having the limitation on reducing local redundancy with blind similarity comparison among all the tokens in each layer. Based on these observations, we propose a novel Unified transFormer (UniFormer) which seamlessly integrates merits of 3D convolution and spatiotemporal self-attention in a concise transformer format, and achieves a preferable balance between computation and accuracy. Different from traditional transformers, our relation aggregator can tackle both spatiotemporal redundancy and dependency, by learning local and global token affinity respectively in shallow and deep layers. We conduct extensive experiments on the popular video benchmarks, e.g., Kinetics-400, Kinetics-600, and Something-Something V1&V2. With only ImageNet-1K pretraining, our UniFormer achieves 82.9%/84.8% top-1 accuracy on Kinetics-400/Kinetics-600, while requiring 10× fewer GFLOPs than other state-of-the-art methods. For Something-Something V1 and V2, our UniFormer achieves new state-of-the-art performances of 60.9% and 71.2% top-1 accuracy respectively. Code is available at https://***/Sense-X/UniFormer. © 2022 ICLR 2022 - 10th International Conference on Learning Representationss. All rights reserved.

关键词： Redundancy

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Multimodal segmentation of medical images with heavily missing data

Multimodal segmentation of medical images with heavily missi...

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2021 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, BHI 2021

作者： Akbar, Muhammad Usman Murino, Vittorio Sona, Diego Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy Department of Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering degli Studi di Genova Genova Italy Huawei Technologies Ltd. Ireland Research Center Dublin Ireland Department of Computer Science Università di Verona Verona Italy Pattern Analysis and Computer Vision Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova Italy Data Science for Health Center for Digital Health & Wellbeing Fondazione Bruno Kessler Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665403580

An important aim of research in medical imaging is the development of computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. A fundamental step in these systems is the image segmentation and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are becoming the most commonly used approach to solve this task. However, despite their great power, in this domain CNNs are limited in their potential performance by the usually small amount of data [1]. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are often used to examine the internal structure of human body and have their own unique properties and limitations. As a common practice, the investigations are usually done on a single modality, nonetheless, the simultaneous analysis of multiple modalities can significantly boost the segmentation accuracy. However, obtaining multiple imaging modalities for the same subject is very unlikely. In this paper we investigate the possibility of generating a multimodal CT-MRI representation for a segmentation task starting from a single modality, either CT or MRI. We considered this as a missing data problem, hence, we designed a pipeline where a CycleGAN was used to generate the missing modality. The synthetic modality was then paired with the real one to perform the required segmentation taking advantage of the multimodal representation and the augmented training dataset. To test the system we used two unrelated labeled datasets, one with CT data and the other one with MRI data. Results show that data enrichment with synthetic modalities improves the segmentation performance. © 2021 IEEE

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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An Empirical Study of Graph Contrastive Learning 35

An Empirical Study of Graph Contrastive Learning

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35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Track on Datasets and Benchmarks, NeurIPS Datasets and Benchmarks 2021

作者： Zhu, Yanqiao Xu, Yichen Liu, Qiang Wu, Shu Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) establishes a new paradigm for learning graph representations without human annotations. Although remarkable progress has been witnessed recently, the success behind GCL is still left somewhat mysterious. In this work, we first identify several critical design considerations within a general GCL paradigm, including augmentation functions, contrasting modes, contrastive objectives, and negative mining strategies. Then, to understand the interplay of different GCL components, we conduct comprehensive, controlled experiments over benchmark tasks on datasets across various domains. Our empirical studies suggest a set of general receipts for effective GCL, e.g., simple topology augmentations that produce sparse graph views bring promising performance improvements;contrasting modes should be aligned with the granularities of end tasks. In addition, to foster future research and ease the implementation of GCL algorithms, we develop an easy-to-use library PyGCL, featuring modularized CL components, standardized evaluation, and experiment management. We envision this work to provide useful empirical evidence of effective GCL algorithms and offer several insights for future research. © 2021 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Fast Pedestrian Detection for Mobile Devices

Fast Pedestrian Detection for Mobile Devices

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International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

作者： Arthur Daniel Costea Andreea Valeria Vesa Sergiu Nedevschi Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Research Center Computer Science Department Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781467365970

In this paper we present a fast and robust solution for pedestrian detection that can run in real time conditions even on mobile devices with limited computational power. An optimization of the channel features based multiscale detection schemes is proposed by using 8 detection models for each half octave scales. The image features have to be computed only once each half octave and there is no need for feature approximation. We use multiscale square features for training the multiresolution pedestrian classifiers. The proposed solution achieves state of art detection results on Caltech pedestrian benchmark at over 100 FPS using a CPU implementation, being the fastest detection approach on the benchmark. The solution is fast enough to perform under real time conditions on mobile platforms, yet preserving its robustness. The full detection process can run at over 20 FPS on a quad-core ARM CPU based smartphone or tablet, being a suitable solution for limited computational power mobile devices or embedded platforms.

关键词： pedestrian detection image features solution image feature Mobile devices Pedestrians Solutions Fasting Robust solution FES gene Smartphone Solution computational power

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Encyclopedia of Biometrics

Encyclopedia of Biometrics

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1000年

作者： Stan Z. Li Anil K. Jain

ISBN: (数字)9783642277337

Biometrics refers to automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. The Encyclopedia of Biometrics provides a comprehensive reference to topics in Biometrics, including concepts, modalities, algorithms, devices, systems, security, performance testing, applications and standardization. With an A–Z format, the Encyclopedia of Biometrics provides easy access to relevant information on all aspects of biometrics for those seeking entry into this broad field. The Encyclopedia is composed of approximately 250 overview entries, and 800 definitional entries. Each entry includes a definition, key words, list of synonyms, list of related entries, illustration(s), applications, and a bibliography. Most entries include useful literature references providing the reader with a portal to more detailed information. The style of the entries is expository and tutorial, making the encyclopedia a practical resource for experts in the field and professionals in other fields.

关键词： Biometrics Systems and Data Security computer Imaging, vision, pattern recognition and Graphics pattern recognition Cryptology

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An improved convex programming model for the inverse problem in intensity-modulated radiation therapy

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International Journal of Performability Engineering 2018年第5期14卷 871-884页

作者： Lan, Yihua Zhang, Xingang Zhang, Jianyang Wang, Yang Hung, Chih-Cheng School of Computer and Information Technology Nanyang Normal University Nanyang473061 China Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Nanyang Normal University Nanyang473061 China Radiology Department Central Hospital of Nanyang Nanyang473061 China Laboratory for Machine Vision and Security Research College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University - Marietta Campus 1100 South Marietta Parkway MariettaGA30067-2896 United States

Intensity modulated radiation therapy technology (IMRT) is one of the main approaches in cancer treatment because it can guarantee the killing of cancer cells while optimally protecting normal tissue from complications. Inverse planning, which is the core component of the entire IMRT system, is mainly based on accurate mathematical modeling and associated fast solving methods. In inverse planning, the fluence map optimization, which considers the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) modulation, is the current research focus. Although the hitting constrain problem with the unidirectional movement of leaf-sweeping has been solved, our goal is to solve the hitting constrain problem with the bidirectional movement of leaf-sweeping. In this study, we propose a non-synchronized type to solve the hitting constrain problem with the bidirectional movement of leaf-sweeping schemes for IMRT. In solving this problem, a new mathematical model is proposed under the framework of convex programming. The advantage of the convex model is to avoid the uncertainty and inaccuracy that occurs in the non-convex programming solving process. Experimental results for two clinical testing cases show that under the same condition of total number of monitoring units, the new proposed model produces better dose distribution than those of the total variance and quadratic models. © 2018 Totem Publisher, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Multi-Modal Domain Adaptation Variational Autoencoder for EEG-Based Emotion recognition

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第9期9卷 1612-1626页

作者： Yixin Wang Shuang Qiu Dan Li Changde Du Bao-Liang Lu Huiguang He the Research Center for Brain-inspired Intelligence National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190 the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 the Beijing Institute of Control and Electronic Technology Beijing 100038China the School of Mathematics and Information Sciences Yantai UniversityYantai 264003China the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Traditional electroencephalograph(EEG)-based emotion recognition requires a large number of calibration samples to build a model for a specific subject,which restricts the application of the affective brain computer interface(BCI)in *** attempt to use the multi-modal data from the past session to realize emotion recognition in the case of a small amount of calibration *** solve this problem,we propose a multimodal domain adaptive variational autoencoder(MMDA-VAE)method,which learns shared cross-domain latent representations of the multi-modal *** method builds a multi-modal variational autoencoder(MVAE)to project the data of multiple modalities into a common *** adversarial learning and cycle-consistency regularization,our method can reduce the distribution difference of each domain on the shared latent representation layer and realize the transfer of *** experiments are conducted on two public datasets,SEED and SEED-IV,and the results show the superiority of our proposed *** work can effectively improve the performance of emotion recognition with a small amount of labelled multi-modal data.

关键词： Cycle-consistency domain adaptation electroencephalograph(EEG) multi modality variational autoencoder

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Multi-Oriented English Text Line Extraction Using Background and Foreground Information

Multi-Oriented English Text Line Extraction Using Background...

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IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS

作者： Partha Pratim Roy Umapada Pal Josep Lladós Fumitaka Kimura Computer Vision Center Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Bellaterra Spain Indian Statistical Institute Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Kolkata India Graduate School of Engineering Mie University Mie Japan

In graphical documents (map, engineering drawing), artistic documents etc. there exist many printed materials where text lines are not parallel to each other and they are multi-oriented and curve in nature. For the OCR of such documents we need to extract individual text lines from the documents. Extraction of individual text lines from multi-oriented and/or curved text document is a difficult problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method to extract individual text lines from such document pages and the method is based on the foreground and background information of the characters of the text. To take care of background information, water reservoir concept is used here. In the proposed scheme at first, individual components are detected and grouped into 3-character clusters using their inter-component distance, size and positional information. Applying concept of graph, initial 3-character clusters are merged to have larger cluster group. Using inter-character background information, orientations of the extreme characters of a larger cluster are decided and based on these orientation, two candidate regions are formed from the cluster. Finally, with the help of these candidate regions, individual lines are extracted. From the experiment, we obtained encouraging result.

关键词： Data mining Water resources Reservoirs Optical character recognition software Image segmentation Character recognition Text analysis Information analysis pattern analysis pattern recognition

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