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Synthesis and optimization of a novel membrane-catalyst assembly used for polymer exchange membrane fuel cell

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 123卷 354-371页

作者： Zahedi, Alireza Javadi, Alireza Ghaffarinejad, Ali Kanani, Behzad School of Advanced Technologies Iran University of Science and Technology Iran Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Center Iran University of Science and Technology Iran

To achieve a low-cost polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with maximum power density, synthesis a membrane-catalyst assembly based on a novel type of Polyaniline nanofibers was undertaken for the first time using a unique experiment design approach. Three methods were utilized to synthesize Polyaniline: dialysis tubing, electrochemical, and bulk polymerization. The evaluations demonstrated that using a 3000 Da dialysis tubing produces nanofibers polymer with particle sizes of 58 nm, reducing the monomer and oxidant mixing rate and high surface uniformity. Hence, this polymer was the best choice. Due to the simultaneous proton and electron conductivity in doped Polyaniline, its replacement with carbon and Nafion in the catalyst reduced cost and increased efficiency. After the optimization, loading 0.1 mg/cm2 of Polyaniline and 0.260 mg/cm2 of Pt yielded a theoretical power of 800 mW/cm2 and a cost of 10.374 $. Upon construction and testing of this assembly, the practical power density of 712 mW/cm2 was achieved. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Nanofibers

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Redirection Detection Thresholds for Avatar Manipulation with Different Body Parts

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 2025年第5期31卷 3098-3107页

作者： Watanabe, Ryutaro Maekawa, Azumi Kitazaki, Michiteru Monnai, Yasuaki Inami, Masahiko University of Tokyo Japan The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology Japan Toyohashi University of Technology Japan

This study investigates how both the body part used to control a VR avatar and the avatar's appearance affect redirection detection thresholds. We conducted experiments comparing hand and foot manipulation of two types of avatars: a hand-shaped avatar and an abstract spherical avatar. Our results show that, irrespective of the body part used, the redirection detection threshold increased by 21% when using the hand avatar compared to the abstract avatar. Additionally, when the avatar's position was redirected toward the body midline, the detection threshold increased by 49% compared to redirection away from the midline. No significant differences in detection thresholds were observed between the hand and foot manipulations. These findings suggest that avatar appearance and redirection direction significantly influence user perception in VR environments, offering valuable insights for the design of full-body VR interactions and human augmentation systems. © 1995-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual environments

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Constructing metal-phenolic network(MPN)microspheres as efficient adsorbent for pollutants removal

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Particuology 2025年第3期98卷 241-248页

作者： Qiang Liu Lin Han Tiantian Feng Ying Li Tao Jiang Jian Li Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center Petrochemical Research InstitutePetroChinaLanzhou730060China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457China

Metal-phenolic networks(MPNs)are a versatile class of self-assembled systems that are generating interest for applications in catalysis,bioimaging,and drug *** contrast to traditional MPNs coating,in this research,we fabricated novel MPNs microspheres through a facile process in the aqueous *** MPNs microspheres are characterized by SEM,TEM,and *** as-prepared microspheres were utilized in the removal of tetracycline(TC),methylene blue(MB),and rhodamine B(RhB).It exhibits high capacity(1331 mg/g)for the adsorption of MB,and a rapid reaction rate(186.9 mg/g/min)for the adsorption of TC.

关键词： Metal-phenolic network(MPN) Self-assembly Microspheres Adsorption Pollutants removal

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Fine regulation of charge recombination for multi-color persistent luminescence

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science China Chemistry 2025年第6期68卷 2533-2540页

作者： Ping Jiang Bingbing Ding Tao Li Chao Wang Ziyi Wang Wenbin Liu Xiang Ma Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology

Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence（RTP） has drawn broad attention due to its long persistent luminescence and large Stokes shift. Although the doping strategy has become one of the most effective methods to construct organic RTP systems,there is still some fuzziness of impurities, mechanisms and luminescence regulation. This study develops a series of doping RTP systems based on exciplex, in which BPC@PPZ(where BPC is N-（4-bromophenyl）-carbazole, PPZ is 10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine) achieved the highest quantum yield of 36.3%, while BPC@CE（where CE is coronene） showed the longest lifetime of 628.5 ms. The relevant data verify the mechanism that RTP comes from the charge transfer（CT） state of exciplex. Further, the introduction of Nile Red into the exciplex system results in the triple-singlet F?rster resonance energy transfer, exhibiting a red delayed fluorescence. Besides, when incorporating the coumarin derivatives into doping system, distinct1CT*&3CT*states are generated through the CT process, accompanying a brand-new long persistent luminescence excited by visible light. These findings present an approach to regulate the CT state for achieving different persistent luminescence in the multicomponent system.

关键词： room-temperature phosphorescence long persistent luminescence exciplex energy transfer charge transfer state afterglow

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Effect of sodium content on the electrochemical performance of P2-Na_(2)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)layered oxide cathode for sodium-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2025年第2期7卷 109-120页

作者： Iqra Moeez Ali Hussain Umar Bhatti Min-Kyung Cho Dieky Susanto Muhammad Akbar Ghulam Ali Kyung Yoon Chung Energy Storage Research Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk-guSeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Energy and Environment Technology KIST SchoolKorea University of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk-guSeoulRepublic of Korea U.S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy(USPCAS-E) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)employ P2-type layered transition metal oxides as promising cathode materials,primarily due to their abundant natural reserves and environmentally friendly ***,structural instability and complex phase transitions during electrochemical cycling pose significant challenges to their practical *** cation substitution serves as a straightforward yet effective strategy for stabilizing the structure and improving the kinetics of the active *** this study,we introduce a Ni-rich honeycomb-layered Na_(2+x)Ni_(2)TeO_(6)(NNTO)cathode material with variable sodium content(x=0,0.03,0.05,0.10).Physicochemical characterizations reveal that excess sodium content at the atomic scale modifies the surface and suppresses phase transitions,while preserving the crystal *** results in enhanced cyclic performance and improved electrochemical kinetics at room ***,we investigate the performance of the NNTO cathode material containing 10%excess sodium at a relatively high temperature of 60℃,where it exhibits 71.6%capacity retention compared to 60%for the ***,our results confirm that a preconstructed surface layer(induced by excess sodium)effectively safeguards the Ni-based cathode material from surface degradation and phase transitions during the electrochemical processes,thus exhibiting superior capacity retention relative to the pristine NNTO *** study of the correlation between structure and performance can potentially be applied to the commercialization of SIBs.

关键词： honeycomb structure layered oxides sodium content sodium-ion battery structure disorder

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Impacts of near-M_(s)austempering treatment on microstructure evolution and bainitic transformation kinetics of a medium Mn steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2025年第1期32卷 249-259页

作者： Yong-gang Yang Xin-yue Liu Rui-zhi Li Yu-lai Chen Hong-xiang Wu Guo-min Sun Zhen-li Mi National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Technology Center Ningbo Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Ningbo 315800ZhejiangChina

The microstructure evolution and bainitic transformation of an Fe-0.19C-4.03Mn-1.48Si steel subjected to near-M_(s)austempering treatment were systematically investigated by combining dilatometer,X-ray diffraction,and electron *** additional austempering treatments with isothermal temperatures above M_(s)were used as *** show that the incubation period for the bainitic transformation occurs when the medium Mn steel is treated with the austempering temperature above M_(s).However,when subjected to near-M_(s)isothermal treatment,the medium Mn steel does not show an incubation period and has the fastest bainitic transformation ***,the largest volume fraction of bainite with a value of 74.7%is obtained on the condition of near-M_(s)austempering treatment after cooling to room *** and microstructure evolution analysis indicates that the elimination of the incubation period and the fastest rate of bainitic transformation are related to the preformed *** advent of preformed martensite allows the specimen to generate more bainite in a limited *** bainitic ferrite nucleation at austenite grain boundaries and through autocatalysis at ferrite/austenite interfaces,a model is established to understand the kinetics of bainite formation and it can describe the nucleation rate of bainitic transformation well when compared to the experimental results.

关键词： Medium manganese steel Bainitic transformation Microstructure Near-M_(s)austempering Transformation modeling

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Photoelectrochemical CO2 fixation to C2 hydrocarbons

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science China Chemistry 2025年第6期68卷 2204-2205页

作者： Ning Zhang Yujie Xiong Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Sustainable Energy and Environmental Materials Innovation Center Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University

Artificial CO2fixation to hydrocarbons represents a promising means to achieve the sustainable development goals（SDGs） fundamentally. The corresponding C2products（such as ethane and ethylene） are highly desirable ...

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Elemental segregation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of TMCP-treated high-manganese wear-resistant steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2025年第3期32卷 783-798页

作者： Yang He Jian-hua Liu Guan-yong Huang Hao Xu Ning Liu Jiang-hua Qi National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Technology Center of Hunan Valin Lianyuan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Loudi417009HunanChina

The elemental segregation,microstructure,and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanical control process(TMCP)treated high-manganese wear-resistant steel(HMWS)were experimentally ***,the initial elemental segregation in the continuous casting slab of HMWS was characterized using the original position *** results showed that the elemental segregation predominantly occurred near the quarter and the center regions of the *** homogenization of manganese(Mn)in the slab was not as obvious as that of other elements after the heating ***,a series of hot-rolling tests were carried out on HMWS slab samples under different TMCP conditions,and the elemental segregation and microstructure of the TMCP-treated HMWS were investigated by microscopic analysis *** findings demonstrated that the segregations of carbon and silicon were effectively eliminated after the TMCP treatment,while Mn segregation presented a band-shaped arrangement and could be reduced at lower finishing rolling *** matrix phase of HMWS remained austenite regardless of the TMCP conditions,and the average size of austenite grains increased with the increasing finishing rolling *** particles were observed to form within austenite grains and even along grain boundaries at higher coiling ***,the mechanical tests were performed on the TMCP-treated HMWS at room *** mechanical properties including tensile stress,yield stress,Charpy impact energy,and microhardness were discussed considering the effects of Mn segregation band,microstructure,and carbide precipitation.

关键词： High-manganese wear-resistant steel Thermo-mechanical control process Manganese segregation Microstructure Mechanical property

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Effect of Carbon on the Microstructures and Stress Rupture Properties of a Polycrystalline Ni-Based Superalloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2025年第1期38卷 151-163页

作者： Han Wang Shijie Sun Naicheng Sheng Guichen Hou Jinguo Li Yizhou Zhou Xiaofeng Sun Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China

The effect of carbon content on the microstructures and stress rupture properties of a newly developed polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy with high Cr content has been *** was observed that both grain size and the number of carbides increased with an increase in carbon *** heat treatment,granular M_(23)C_(6)carbides were dispersed around MC carbides along grain boundaries and inside *** quantity of granular M_(23)C_(6)carbides increased while their sizes *** findings can be verified with the results of thermodynamic calculation and differential scanning calorimetry *** stress rupture times(975℃/225 MPa)increased from 13.3 to 25.5 h with the carbon content increased from 0.1 to 0.2 wt.%.The improvement can be attributed to two primary ***,grain boundary is typically weak region during deformation process and the grain size increased as carbon content increased in the ***,carbides act as hindrances to impede dislocation movement,leading to dislocation *** carbon content rose,the quantity of carbides in interdendritic regions and grain boundaries increased,providing a certain degree of strengthening effect and resulting in a longer stress rupture time.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy Microstructure Stress rupture property Carbon Carbide

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Temperature/stress dependence of stress rupture behavior and deformation microstructure of an advanced superalloy for additive manufacturing

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第3期206卷 37-52页

作者： Wei Song Junying Yang Jingjing Liang Nannan Lu Yizhou Zhou Xiaofeng Sun Jinguo Li Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Superalloys DivisionInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Superalloys DivisionInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

A self-developed crack-free advanced superalloy ZGH451 fabricated by direct energy deposition(DED)was applied to investigate the microstructure evolution,stress rupture behavior,and deformation mech-anisms at moderate-high temperatures and high-low stress *** high Ta/Al ratio induces large misfit lattice stress and low stacking fault energy of alloy,resulting in approximate cubic γ'phases in dendrites and the formation of initial dislocation *** the stress rupture test at 760 ℃/780 MPa,high content cubic γ'phases,small size of voids as well as preserved dislocation tangles are observed,showing stable structures with high-stress rupture *** content and suitable size of cubicγ'phases,initial dislocation tangles,and L-C locks hinder the dislocation motion,which decreases the minimum strain rate and prolongs life significantly,forming four stress rupture ***,the defor-mation mechanism is determined by dislocation piled-up on γ/γ'interface,formation of stacking faults in γ'phases,and dislocations shearing γ'***,the microstructure exhibits uneven struc-tures composed of large sizes of rafted γ'phases and voids at 980 ℃/260 *** rafted structure and high temperature provide continuous channels and enough energy for dislocation motion,resulting in the increase of minimum strain rate,decline of life,and typic three stress rupture stages,even though there are obstacles to dislocation movement caused by dislocation *** deformation mecha-nism transforms to form dislocation networks on γ/γ'interface and dislocations shearing γ'***-sides,the decomposition of carbides on GBs also depends on temperature,which decomposes into harm-ful chain-like M23C6 carbides at moderate temperatures and reinforced granular-shaped M6C carbides at high *** applied stress always decreases mechanical properties due to its degradation of microstructure induced by elongating the precipitates and defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Nickel-based superalloys Stress rupture behavior Microstructure evolution Deformation mechanisms

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