Heterogeneity in human societies plays an important role in epidemic spreading process. Compared to differential equation models, individual-based epidemic models have the advantage of providing a more detailed depict...
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Heterogeneity in human societies plays an important role in epidemic spreading process. Compared to differential equation models, individual-based epidemic models have the advantage of providing a more detailed depiction of realities to capture heterogeneity across a population. However, the higher granularity and resolution of individual-based models come with the cost of increased computational complexities, which result in difficulty in formulating individual-based models usingmathematics. Moreover, a great effort is needed to understand existing individual-based epidemic models that are presented by previous researches. In this paper, we realize the mathematical formulation of heterogeneous individual-based epidemic models by using matrix equations. We employ matrices and vectors to represent individual attributes and behaviors, derive analytical results from the matrix-based representation of individuals, and design algorithms to derivethe computation of individual-based epidemic models. At last, we study the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on epidemic outbreaks by using heterogeneous individual-based epidemic models via matrix equations, including contact tracing and workplace closing. IEEE
Cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies have developed in parallel in recent years, with technological breakthroughs in currency issuance, payment methods, and currency storage. However, the existing cryptocurrenci...
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The privacy issues become a major problem that should be resolved for the existing centralized online social networks, which have prompted researchers to consider the decentralization framework for online social netwo...
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Cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies have developed in parallel in recent years, with technological breakthroughs in currency issuance, payment methods, and currency storage. However, the existing cryptocurrenci...
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Cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies have developed in parallel in recent years, with technological breakthroughs in currency issuance, payment methods, and currency storage. However, the existing cryptocurrencies cannot replace fiat money. There is a huge gap between decentralized cryptocurrency and central bank digital currency, namely CBDC, in terms of monetary governance and circulation. In this paper, we propose the function and security requirements of CBDC, through a comprehensive analysis of the existing typical cryptocurrency and the prototype of the CBDC scheme. On this basis, we present a blockchain-based framework for CBDC with three layers, including supervisory layer, network layer and user layer, and describe the key business processes of the CBDC's entire lifecycle of issuance-circulation-withdrawal in detail. Finally, we take cross-border payment as an example to explain the transaction process of CBDC. We aim to provide theoretical guidance for CBDC design.
In RTB advertising, the AdExchange platform (AdX) can be regarded as a bridge connecting the supply side and demand side of advertising, and advertisers buy the ad impressions through the Demand-Side Platforms (DSPs)....
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In RTB advertising, the AdExchange platform (AdX) can be regarded as a bridge connecting the supply side and demand side of advertising, and advertisers buy the ad impressions through the Demand-Side Platforms (DSPs). As such, there is a two-stage auction process for each ad impression, and the first stage is organized by the DSPs, while the second stage is organized by the AdX. In the two-stage auction process, two possible revenue models are available for DSPs, namely commission model and two-stage resale model. In this paper, we first compare the revenues of DSPs under the two models, and then explore the optimal revenue model for a DSP under the condition that the revenue model of other DSPs are given. We also unitize the computationalexperiments approach to evaluate our proposed method, and our results can help DSPs find their optimal revenue model in RTB advertising.
The privacy issues become a major problem that should be resolved for the existing centralized online social networks, which have prompted researchers to consider the decentralization framework for online social netwo...
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The privacy issues become a major problem that should be resolved for the existing centralized online social networks, which have prompted researchers to consider the decentralization framework for online social networks. In this paper, we propose a novel decentralized social networking architecture enhanced by blockchain technology. We use a sharding framework to increase the system scalability, a blockchain system to ensure the data integrity and consistency, a reputation-based authority control method to improve the system security.
Real Time Bidding (RTB), widely publicized as one of the most promising big-data-driven business models for online computational advertising, has the potential of effectively monetizing user clicks and impressions via...
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Benefited from the high-speed development of Internet and the popularization of big data technology, Real Time Bidding (RTB) emerged and developed quickly, and has become one of the most important and popular model fo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509039371
Benefited from the high-speed development of Internet and the popularization of big data technology, Real Time Bidding (RTB) emerged and developed quickly, and has become one of the most important and popular model for online computational advertising. In the pay-per-impression based RTB advertising, frequency capping is undoubtedly one of the most crucial issues faced by advertisers and Demand Side Platforms (DSPs), since there are generally vast amount of ad requests in RTB markets, among which many may be triggered by the same target audience. As such, choosing the optimal frequency cap considering all the advertisers becomes a critical issue faced by DSPs. Considering that displaying one advertisement multiple number of times to the same user will diminish the advertising effect, we introduce the concept of discount factor and establish an optimization model of frequency capping to seek for the optimal frequency cap for each advertiser. We also design some experiments to validate our proposed model by utilizing the computationalexperiment approach, and the experimental results show that the optimal frequency cap can be influenced by the values of the discount factors, and higher value of the discount factor can deduce the advertising effect of larger frequency cap. Moreover, when the discount factors of the advertisers take different values, there also exists an optimal frequency cap, at which the advertisers can get the expected maximum revenue in the long run.
Real Time Bidding (RTB) is a novel business model of online computational advertising with the integration of Internet economy and big data analysis. It can help advertisers achieve the precision marketing through the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509039371
Real Time Bidding (RTB) is a novel business model of online computational advertising with the integration of Internet economy and big data analysis. It can help advertisers achieve the precision marketing through the market segmentation strategies of Demand Side Platforms (DSPs). Based on a mathematical programming approach, this paper studied DSPs' strategies for market segmentation, and established a selection model of the granularity for segmenting RTB advertising markets. We proposed to validate our model using the computationalexperiment approach, and the experimental results show that: 1) with the increasing refinement of the market segmentation granularity, the total revenue has a tendency of a rise first followed by a decline, 2) the optimal granularity of market segmentation will be significantly influenced by the number of advertisers on the DSP, but less influenced by the number of ad requests. Our findings show the crucial role of market segmentation on the RTB advertising effect, and indicate that the DSPs should adjust their market segmentation strategies according to their total number of advertisers. Our findings also highlight the importance of advertisers as well as the characteristics of the target audiences in DSPs' market segmentation decisions.
Relations between users on online social media sites often reflect a mixture of positive and negative interactions. The network composed by those positive and negative relations is called signed social network. We des...
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