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Small Signal Stability-Guaranteed Moving Target Defense Against Load Redistribution Attack On IoT-based Smart Grid

IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17413-17429页

作者： Wang, Bingdong Zhang, Zhenyong Wang, Mufeng Liu, Mengxiang Ye, Rui Deng, Ruilong Zhang, Xin Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing100040 China University of Sheffield Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering Sheffield United Kingdom Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd. Intelligent Operation Center China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Huzhou Institute of Industrial Control Technology Huzhou313000 China

Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising approach to defend against load redistribution attacks on the internet-of-things (IoT)-based smart grid networks by probing the distorted state estimates with the distributed flexible AC transmission system. However, existing studies mainly focus on optimizing the performance of MTD and ignore the safety effect of it on the system’s operation. In this paper, we fill this gap by deeply analyzing the effect of MTD on the small signal stability and aim to alleviate the negative impact and guarantee its defending performance simultaneously. Firstly, the stability is formally described using the eigenvalue sensitivity. The relationship between the MTD-induced perturbation (MTDper) and the stability criteria is derived. Secondly, a new indicator is proposed to measure the effectiveness of MTDper. Thirdly, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to compute the bound of MTDper for guaranteeing the small signal stability. In addition, a surprising finding is that the stability margin can be improved and enhanced by optimizing the value of MTDper without losing the MTD’s effectiveness. Finally, we evaluate the performance of MTDper and its impact on the small signal stability with extensive simulations on the IEEE 30-bus, 39-bus, and 68-bus test power systems. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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High concentration of Ti^(3+)in C-TiO_(x)nanosheets boosting efficient photodegradation

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science China(Technological sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 156-166页

作者： Chongbei WU Xuan LI Haibin WANG Jiaxin TANG Shuai WEI Yuanyuan WU Aobing WANG Jizhou JIANG Hebei Key Laboratory of Man-machine Environmental Thermal Control Technology and Equipment Hebei Vocational University of Technology and EngineeringXingtai054000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationEngineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of EducationWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan430205China

Semiconductor photocatalysis holds significant promise for addressing dye-pollution in ***,the efficiency of photocatalytic water purification is constrained by the weak light absorption capacity and low active site distribution of *** a bottom-up approach,carbon-doped TiO_(x)(C-TiO_(x))nanosheets with high concentrations of Ti^(3+)active sites were fabricated by etching the Al element in Ti_(3)Ai C_(2)with H_(2)O_(2).Experimental evidence demonstrates that the optimal C-TiO_(x)nanosheets exhibit high activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue,achieving a degradation rate of 100%within 50 *** introduction of carbon into the C-TiO_(x)nanosheets induces a red shift in the absorption edge,boosting the migration of photo-generated charge ***,there is a significant correlation between the concentration of Ti^(3+)active sites and the density of oxygen vacancies in the C-TiO_(x)nanosheets,which synergistically influence the photocatalytic degradation performance of MB dye wastewater.

关键词： bottom-up strategies C-TiO_(x)nanosheets high-concentrations Ti^(3+) photocatalytic degradation

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Multi-Context Aggregation Network With Foreground Correction for Automated Few-Shot Defect Segmentation

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IEEE Transactions on Automation science and engineering 2025年 22卷 13777-13787页

作者： Ma, Yunfeng Liu, Min Jiang, Shuai Wang, Xueping Bian, Yuan Wang, Yaonan Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China National Engineering Research Center of Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology Hunan Changsha410082 China Hunan Normal University College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan Changsha410082 China

State-of-the-art defect segmentation methods rely on sufficient training data and struggle to generalize to unseen categories. Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) is introduced to specifically address these issues. However, existing FSS models still face two challenges in the industry. 1) Defects usually present as weak features, resulting in incomplete segmentation;2) Severe background interference often leads to incorrect segmentation. To tackle these problems, we propose the Multi-Context Aggregation Network (MCANet). Specifically, we design a Cross-Layer Multi-Level Feature Aggregation Module (CMAM). CMAM effectively aggregates discretely distributed multi-level defect features across different layers and guides the query image to perceive defects from the pixel level, which avoids incomplete segmentation caused by weak features. Additionally, a Foreground Correction Module (FCM) is developed, which is equipped with a dedicated background predictor (BP) and a foreground corrector (FC). BP places more emphasis on learning features from backgrounds rather than defects. FC achieves efficient feature ensemble and further suppresses the backgrounds misidentified as defects in CMAM. They collaborate to prevent incorrect segmentation caused by background interference. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. We achieve state-of-the-art results on both FSSD-12, a public benchmark FSS dataset for strip steel, and FSS-AEB, an FSS dataset for aero-engine blades. Specifically, with 1/5 support images, we achieve 64.6%/65.6% mIoU on FSSD-12 and 55.0%/57.8% mIoU on FSS-AEB. Note to Practitioners—Surface defect segmentation has always been a hot topic in the industry. However, existing methods rely on sufficient training data and struggle to generalize to unseen categories, which significantly hinders the automation of defect segmentation. To address this problem, we propose MCANet for automated few-shot defect segmentation. It achieves effective seg

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Integration of Bio-Enzyme-Treated Super-Wood and AIE-Based Nonwoven Fabric for Efficient Evaporating the Wastewater with High Concentration of Ammonia Nitrogen

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第8期17卷 1-16页

作者： Qian Ding Bingqi Jin Yinxia Zheng Huiru Zhao Jun Wang Haoxuan Li Dong Wang Ben Zhong Tang Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092People’s Republic of China Nonwoven Technology Laboratory College of Textile Science and EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122People’s Republic of China Centre for AIE Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyGuangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061People’s Republic of China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen(CUHK-Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518172People’s Republic of China

The treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater(ANW)has garnered significant attention due to the ecology,and even biology is under increasing threat from over discharge *** ANW treatment methods often encounter challenges such as complex processes,high costs and secondary *** progress has been made in employing solar-induced evaporators for wastewater ***,there remain notable barriers to transitioning from fundamental research to practical applications,including insufficient evaporation rates and inadequate resistance to ***,we propose a novel evaporator,which comprises a bio-enzyme-treated wood aerogel that serves as water pumping and storage layer,a cost-effective multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated hydrophobic/hydrophilic fibrous nonwoven mat functioning as photothermal evaporation layer,and aggregation-induced emission(AIE)molecules incorporated as anti-biofouling *** resultant bioinspired evaporator demonstrates a high evaporation rate of 12.83 kg m−2 h−1 when treating simulated ANW containing 30 wt%NH4Cl under 1.0 sun of ***-doped evaporator exhibits remarkable photodynamic antibacterial activity against mildew and bacteria,ensuring outstanding resistance to biofouling over extended periods of wastewater *** enhanced by natural wind under 1.0 sun irradiation,the evaporator achieves an impressive evaporation rate exceeding 20 kg m−2 h−*** advancement represents a promising and viable approach for the effective removal of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

关键词： Wood aerogel AIE Anti-biofouling Solar-driven interface evaporation Ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment

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Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding of Underwater Image Enhancement in AUV Swarms

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IEEE Communications Letters 2025年第5期29卷 1146-1150页

作者： Zhang, Zhenguo Liu, Guang Wang, Minghui Chen, Bo Liu, Zesheng Zhang, Xiaojie Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Systems Engineering Research Institute China State Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd. Beijing102600 China

Underwater images commonly suffer from visual degradation due to the complexities of the underwater imaging and transmission environments. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight system for underwater image enhancement and transmission tailored for autonomous underwater vehicle swarms, improving both image quality and communication efficiency with surface equipment. The proposed model enables a target-oriented multi-space feature encoding network to process degraded pixels, followed by a reinforcement learning-based bandwidth allocation network that optimizes feature distribution under constrained bandwidth conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly enhances the speed and effectiveness of image recovery under varying channel conditions. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bandwidth

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Epigenetic basis for the establishment of ruminal tissue-specific functions in bovine fetuses and adults

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2025年第1期52卷 78-92页

作者： Jing Wang Wen Yuan Fang Liu Guangbo Liu Xiaoxiong Geng Chen Li Chenchen Zhang Nan Li Xueling Li State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation&Breeding of Grassland Livestock Research Center for Laboratory Animal ScienceInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotInner Mongolia 010070China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control TechnologyMinistry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotInner Mongolia 010070China

Epigenetic regulation in the rumen,a unique ruminant organ,remains largely unexplored compared with other tissues studied in model *** this study,we perform an in-depth analysis of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes across fetal and adult bovine tissues as well as pluripotent stem *** the extensive methylation differences across various stages and tissues,we identify tissue-specific differentially methylated regions(tsDMRs)unique to the rumen,which are crucial for regulating epithelial development and energy *** tsDMRs cluster within super-enhancer regions that overlap with transcription factor(TF)binding *** models indicate that DNA methylation,along with H3K27me3 and H3K27ac,can be used to predict enhancer *** upstream TFs,including SOX2,FOSL1/2,and SMAD2/3,primarily maintain an inhibitory state through bivalent modifications during fetal *** functional genes are maintained mainly in a stable repressive state via DNA methylation until differentiation is *** study underscores the critical role of tsDMRs in regulating distal components of rumen morphology and function,providing key insights into the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that may influence bovine production traits.

关键词： Rumen Epigenetics DNA methylation tsDMRs Enhancers

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Dual-selective silver recovery strategy by simultaneous adsorption-reduction boosted by in-situ magnetic field

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第2期10卷 433-440页

作者： Jianran Ren Zhiliang Zhu Yanling Qiu Fei Yu Tao Zhou Jie Ma Jianfu Zhao Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China School of Civil Engineering Kashi UniversityKashi844000China College of Marine Ecology and Environment Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China

The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated ***,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation *** achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic *** recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base *** selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective *** in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional ***,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective ***-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery *** study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.

关键词： In-situ magnetic field Silver recovery Adsorption-reduction Selectivity Physical separation

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Deep-Learning-Based Uncertainty-Estimation Approach for Unknown Traffic Identification

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第3期6卷 533-548页

作者： Le, Siqi Lai, Yingxu Wang, Yipeng He, Huijie Beijing University of Technology Faculty of Information Technology Beijing100124 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control Beijing100124 China

Real open network environments include the traffic generated by known applications or protocols, which have been previously identified and labeled, and unknown network traffic that cannot be identified based on existing knowledge. Accurately identifying unknown traffic is critical to network management and security, not only to help managers allocate bandwidth appropriately for all types of applications and ensure quality of service but also to prevent security breaches that may result from unknown applications or protocols. Notably, the unknown network traffic has been increasing with the emergence of new applications or protocols, which further increases the difficulty in identifying them. Existing unknown traffic classification methods based on Softmax output confidence values cause bias in the prediction probability due to overconfidence of the model during the training process, thus decreasing the identification accuracy. Thus, for unknown traffic identification, this study proposes a deep-learning-based uncertainty-estimation (EUE) approach. EUE introduces the theory of evidence to the task of identifying unknown traffic by inferring traffic uncertainty directly from traffic evidence without the need for a Softmax layer, thus avoiding overconfidence in the model. Thus, the EUE can accurately identify unknown traffic while classifying known traffic at the application level. We construct two experimental scenarios simulating the real network environments with different proportions of unknown traffic to evaluate EUE. The experimental results show that the proposed approach EUE exhibits excellent classification accuracy. © 2024 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet protocols

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Drosophila Larvae-Inspired Soft Crawling Robot with Multimodal Locomotion and Versatile Applications

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research 2025年第1期7卷 35-46页

作者： Qin Fang Jingyu Zhang Yinhui He Nenggan Zheng Yue Wang Rong Xiong Zhefeng Gong Haojian Lu State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Medical School of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310000China

Soft crawling robots have been widely studied and applied because of their excellent environmental adaptability and flexible ***,most existing soft crawling robots typically exhibit a single-motion mode and lack diverse *** by Drosophila larvae,this paper proposes a compact soft crawling robot(weight,13 g;length,165 mm;diameter,35 mm)with multimodal locomotion(forward,turning,rolling,and twisting).Each robot module uses 4 sets of high-power-density shape memory alloy actuators,endowing it with 4 degrees of motion *** analyze the mechanical characteristics of the robot modules through experiments and simulation *** plug-and-play modules can be quickly assembled to meet different motion and task *** soft crawling robot can be remotely operated with an external controller,showcasing multimodal motion on various material *** a narrow maze,the robot demonstrates agile movement and effective maneuvering around *** addition,leveraging the inherent bistable characteristics of the robot modules,we used the robot modules as anchoring units and installed a microcamera on the robot's head for pipeline *** robot completed the inspection in horizontal,vertical,curved,and branched pipelines,adjusted the camera view,and twisted a valve in the pipeline for the first *** research highlights the robot's superior locomotion and application capabilities,providing an innovative strategy for the development of lightweight,compact,and multifunctional soft crawling robots.

关键词： multimodal locomotion versatile applications Drosophila larvae soft crawling robot weight soft crawling robots shape memory alloy actuators

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