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A Helmet Detection Algorithm Based on Transformers with Deformable Attention Module

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 229-241页

作者： Songle Chen Hongbo Sun Yuxin Wu Lei Shang Xiukai Ruan Engineering Research Center of Post Big Data Technology and Application of Jiangsu Province Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Institute of Intelligent Locks Wenzhou University

Wearing a helmet is one of the effective measures to protect workers' safety. To address the challenges of severe occlusion, multi-scale, and small target issues in helmet detection, this paper proposes a helmet detection algorithm based on deformable attention transformers. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. A compact end-to-end network architecture for safety helmet detection based on transformers is proposed. It cancels the computationally intensive transformer encoder module in the existing detection transformer(DETR) and uses the transformer decoder module directly on the output of feature extraction for query decoding, which effectively improves the efficiency of helmet detection. A novel feature extraction network named Swin transformer with deformable attention module(DSwin transformer) is proposed. By sparse cross-window attention, it enhances the contextual awareness of multi-scale features extracted by Swin transformer, and keeps high computational efficiency simultaneously. The proposed method generates the query reference points and query embeddings based on the joint prediction probabilities, and selects an appropriate number of decoding feature maps and sparse sampling points for query decoding, which further enhance the inference capability and processing speed. On the benchmark safety-helmet-wearing-dataset(SHWD), the proposed method achieves the average detection accuracy mAP@0.5 of 95.4% with 133.35G floating-point operations per second(FLOPs) and 20 frames per second(FPS), the state-of-the-art method for safety helmet detection.

关键词： Head Accuracy Network architecture Benchmark testing Transformers Feature extraction Safety Decoding Computational efficiency Detection algorithms

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Influence of Undercooling on the Solidification Behaviour and Microstructure of Non-equilibrium Solidification of Cu-based Alloys

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2025年第2期40卷 610-618页

作者： LI Hejun AN Hongen Willey Liew Yun Hsien Ismal Saad Bih Lii Chuab Nancy Julius Siambun CAO Shichao WANG Hongfu YAO Wei College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Huanghe Jiaotong UniversityJiaozuo 454950China Henan Engineering Technology Research Center on Intelligent Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Jiaozuo 454950China Faculty of Engineering University Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Malaysia School of Mechanical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Jiaozuo Robot Engineering Technology Center Jiaozuo 454950China

The evolution of the microstructure and morphology of Cu55Ni45 and Cu60Ni40 alloys under varying degrees of undercooling was investigated through molten glass purification and cyclic superheating *** increasing the Cu content,the effect of Cu on the evolution of the microstructure and morphology of the Cu-Ni alloy during undercooling was *** mechanism of grain refinement at different degrees of undercooling and the effect of Cu content on its solidification behaviour were *** solidification behaviour of Cu55Ni45 and Cu60Ni40 alloys was investigated using infrared thermometry and high-speed *** results indicate that both Cu55Ni45 and Cu60Ni40 alloy melts undergo only one recalescence during rapid *** degree of recalescence increases approximately linearly with increasing *** solidification front of the alloy melts undergoes a transition process from a small-angle plane to a sharp front and then to a smooth ***,the growth of the subcooled melt is constrained to a narrow range,facilitating the formation of a coarse dendritic crystal morphology in the Cu-Ni *** large undercooling,the stress breakdown of the directionally growing dendrites is primarily caused by thermal *** strain remaining in the dendritic fragments provides the driving force for recrystallisation of the tissue to occur,which in turn refines the tissue.

关键词： undercooling microstructure grain refinement solidification rate

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Multitarget Stochastic Configuration Network and Applications

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第2期4卷 338-348页

作者： Wang, Qianjin Hong, Qiqiang Wu, Shang Dai, Wei China University of Mining and Technology School of Information and Control Engineering Xuzhou221116 China Yancheng Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering Yancheng224051 China China University of Mining and Technology Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space Ministry of Education Xuzhou221116 China

Existing stochastic configuration network (SCN)-based modeling methods are underperformed in handling multitarget regression problems. An important reason is that they ignore the intertarget correlations, which have an important effect on improving the modeling accuracy. To enhance the performance of these SCN-based models, in this article, a novel multitarget SCN (MTSCN) modeling approach is presented. The L2,1 norm of a structure matrix can be utilized to explicitly reveal the correlations between multiple targets and an L2 term are attached to the cost function of SCN. Considering the nonsmoothness of the constructed cost function, an alternating optimization algorithm is adopted to compute the structure matrix and the output weights of MTSCN. Then, a new supervisory mechanism is proposed to ensure the convergence of MTSCN. Finally, experimental results using the synthetic data and several real-world datasets show that the developed MTSCN is more superior to other modeling methods in resolving multitarget modeling problems. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Cost functions

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Detection of Perfect Stealthy Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Measurement Quantizations: A Watermark-Based Strategy

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 114-125页

作者： Yu-Ang Wang Zidong Wang Lei Zou Bo Shen Hongli Dong the College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University the Engineering Research Center of Digitalized Textile and Fashion Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and Technology the Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge the Sanya Offshore Oil and Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University the Artificial Intelligence Energy Research Institute Northeast Petroleum University Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking and Intelligent Control Northeast Petroleum University

In this paper, the attack detection problem is investigated for a class of closed-loop systems subjected to unknownbutbounded noises in the presence of stealthy attacks. The measurement outputs from the sensors are quantized before transmission.A specific type of perfect stealthy attack, which meets certain rather stringent conditions, is taken into account. Such attacks could be injected by adversaries into both the sensor-toestimator and controller-to-actuator channels, with the aim of disrupting the normal data flow. For the purpose of defending against these perfect stealthy attacks, a novel scheme based on watermarks is developed. This scheme includes the injection of watermarks(applied to data prior to quantization) and the recovery of data(implemented before the data reaches the estimator).The watermark-based scheme is designed to be both timevarying and hidden from adversaries through incorporating a time-varying and bounded watermark signal. Subsequently, a watermark-based attack detection strategy is proposed which thoroughly considers the characteristics of perfect stealthy attacks,thereby ensuring that an alarm is activated upon the occurrence of such attacks. An example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism for detecting attacks.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-physical systems (CPSs) perfect stealthy attacks watermark-based strategy

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Pressure stimulated current in progressive failure process of combined coal-rock under uniaxial compression:Response and mechanism

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International Journal of Mining Science and technology 2024年第2期34卷 227-243页

作者： Tiancheng Shan Zhonghui Li Xin Zhang Haishan Jia Xiaoran Wang Enyuan Wang Yue Niu Dong Chen Weichen Sun Dongming Wang State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China National Engineering Research Center for Coal Gas Control China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Safety Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in underground *** reveal the effect of this way,the uniaxial compression experiments with PSC monitoring were conducted on three types of coal-rock combination samples with different strength *** mechanism explanation of PSCs are investigated by resistivity test,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and computed tomography(CT)methods,and a PSC flow model based on progressive failure process is *** influence of strength combinations on PSCs in the progressive failure process are *** results show the PSC responses between rock part,coal part and the two components are different,which are affected by multi-scale fracture characteristics and electrical *** the rock strength decreases,the progressive failure process changes obviously with the influence range of interface constraint effect decreasing,resulting in the different responses of PSC strength and direction in different parts to fracture *** PSC flow model is initially validated by the relationship between the accumulated charges of different *** results are expected to provide a new reference and method for mining design and roadway quality assessment.

关键词： Combined coal-rock Pressure stimulated current Progressive failure process Mechanism Flow model

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Effect of Free-End Torsion on the Corrosion and Mechanical Properties for Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2025年第1期38卷 59-70页

作者： Li-Lan Gao Jiang Ma Yan-Song Tan Xiao-Hao Sun Qi-Jun Gao De-Bao Liu Chun-Qiu Zhang Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin300384China

Magnesium alloys with excellent degradability and biocompatibility are promising materials for biomedical implants,saving patients the burden of second ***,their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are significantly below the requirements for implant *** study aims to improve the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy by pre-torsion treatment,and find out the optimal shear *** rod-shaped Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy specimens were pre-torsion treated at different torsion *** effect of free-end torsion on Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy was characterized through microstructure analysis,mechanical testing,and corrosion ***-torsion treatment can refine grain and induce twins and dislocations in Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca *** surface hardness increases with the increase in torsion *** yield strength and ultimate strength initially increase and then decrease with increasing torsion angle,while ductility decreases with increasing torsion *** with a shear strain of 30%exhibit the highest tensile strength,reaching 284.78±10.62 MPa,with an elongation of 19.37±1.66%.Furthermore,they show a significant improvement in fatigue lives both before and after *** the stress amplitude is 120 MPa,the fatigue lives for specimens without pre-torsion treatment are 54,275 cycles and 4324 cycles before and after pre-corrosion,while they increased significantly to 92,015 cycles and 5050 cycles with the 30%shear strain,***,the 30%shear strain specimens show a significant reduction in corrosion *** conclusion,pre-torsion treatment can effectively modify the microstructure of Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy,enhancing both mechanical properties and corrosion *** optimal shear strain for this improvement is 30%.This study provides a practical method to enhance the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca alloy,making it more suitable for biomedical implan

关键词： Magnesium alloy Pre-torsion Microstructure Mechanical property Corrosion resistance

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Event-triggered consensus control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems: model-and data-based approaches

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 151-167页

作者： Xin WANG Jian SUN Fang DENG Gang WANG Jie CHEN School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University

This article addresses the model-and data-based event-triggered consensus of heterogeneous leader/follower multi-agent systems(MASs). A dynamic periodic transmission protocol is developed to alleviate the communication and computational burden, where the followers can interact locally with neighbors to approach the dynamics of the leader. Capitalizing on a discrete-time looped-functional, a model-based consensus condition for the closed-loop MASs is derived as linear matrix inequalities(LMIs), along with a design method for obtaining distributed event-triggered controllers and the associated triggering *** collecting noise-corrupted state-input measurements in offline open-loop experiments, a data-based leader/follower MAS representation is derived and employed to address the data-driven consensus control problem without explicit MAS models. This result is subsequently generalized to guarantee an H∞-consensus control performance. Finally, a simulation example is given to corroborate the efficiency of the proposed distributed triggering scheme and the data-driven consensus controller.

关键词： data-driven control multi-agent system consensus looped-functional LMI

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Intensified reactive extraction of 4-hydroxypyridine with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in 1-octanol by using tributyl phosphate

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2023年第2期54卷 199-205页

作者： Zhixian Chang Xiangfeng Zhou Huihua Bai Deliang Li Ling Zhang Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Green Anticorrosion Technology for Magnesium Alloys Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy PollutionCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China

The efficient separation of amphoteric organic compounds from dilute solutions is of great importance in the industrial field. In the present work, the reactive extractions of 4-hydroxypyridine(4-HP) with tributyl phosphate(TBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) and TBP + D2EHPA dissolved in 1-octanol were investigated, respectively. The influences of the initial concentrations of TBP, D2EHPA and TBP + D2EHPA on distribution ratio(D) were discussed, as well as the reactive extraction mechanism were proposed. The obvious intensification effect was observed when the mixture of TBP and D2EHPA was used as extractant. The best extraction conditions were found to be of the molar ratio of D2EHPA and TBP at 2:1 and the equilibrium aqueous pH at 3.50-4.50. D values increased with the increase of the total concentration of TBP and D2EHPA in 1-octanol. Especially, the analysis on the extraction mechanisms clearly indicate(i) TBP in 1-octanol shows negligible reactive extraction toward 4-HP,(ii) D2EHPA in 1-octanol exhibits moderate extraction effect by forming 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) and 4-HP:2D2EHPA(1:2) type complexes, while(iii) D2EHPA in TBP/1-octanol demonstrates the maximum distribution ratio with the 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) type complex domination. The discussion provides new insights on the mechanism and opens a new way for the intensified extraction of amphoteric organic compounds by using the mixture of multiple extractants in the diluent.

关键词： 4-Hydroxypyridine Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Tributyl phosphate Reactive extraction Intensified extraction

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Investigation of a Novel Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Cold Plasma Torch and Its Characteristics

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Chemical research in Chinese Universities 2024年第6期40卷 1282-1289页

作者： LI Yarui BAI Yiwen YU Dengjie WANG Rongyao MU Ying JIN Wei YU Bingwen Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation Institute of Cyber-Systems and ControlCollege of Control Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P.R.China Research Center for Analytical Instruments and Intelligent Systems Huzhou Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHuzhou 313000P.R.China

This study proposes a coaxial structure atmospheric pressure microwave cold plasma device that utilizes argon as the main working *** achieves stable formation of atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet at low power (<50 W) with a jet length ranging from 1 mm to 32 *** paper analyzes the composition of the cold plasma using spectroscopy and investigates its composition changes at different positions along the *** also studies the appearance and reaction composition of the plasma filament under different shielding ***,it explores the effects of continuous and modulated microwave power on the length,appearance,and composition of the plasma ***,it examines the bactericidal effect of the plasma filament on Escherichia coli under various gas conditions,providing a foundation for further application research.

关键词： Microwave cold plasma Spectral analysis Modulated microwave source Sterilization

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A synchronous spatiotemporal graph neural network for short-term traffic flow prediction

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Soft Computing 2025年第6期29卷 2983-2997页

作者： Zhang, Zhao Jiao, Xiaohong Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Intelligent Control System and Intelligent Equipment Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China

Traffic flow prediction is a vital part of an intelligent traffic management system. The critical challenge of the traffic flow prediction task is to fully use observable historical information to extract the hidden spatiotemporal dependence. For this reason, a synchronous spatiotemporal grammar graph attention network is proposed based on multi-dimensional edge information (MDEI-SSTGGAT) to achieve short-term traffic flow prediction tasks. In the designed model, the spatial nodes are first clustered. Then, a local spatiotemporal graph is established for each category for extracting synchronous spatiotemporal features. In the feature extraction module, the graph attention network with multi-dimensional edge information captures the spatiotemporal features dynamically, and the grammar graph structure fuses the hidden features of three observable traffic parameters. The model fully uses observable traffic parameter features to improve the prediction accuracy while keeping the computation time short. Simulation results on real data sets show that the prediction performance of this model is better than the existing prediction methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Traffic control

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