检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

SSRN 2023年

作者： Wu, Zhenchao Sun, Xiaoming Jiang, Hanhui Mao, Wulan Li, Rui Andriyanov, Nikita Soloviev, Vladimir Fu, Longsheng College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F University Shaanxi Yangling712100 China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shaanxi Yangling712100 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service Shaanxi Yangling712100 China Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China Department of Data Analysis and Machine Learning Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Moscow125167 Russia Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Urumqi830000 China

Automatic fruit counting is an important task for growers to estimate yield and manage orchards. Although many deep-learning-based fruit detection algorithms have been developed to improve performance of automatic fruit counting systems, abnormal fruit detection has often been caused by these algorithms detecting non-target fruits that have similar growth characteristics to target fruits. Abnormal fruit detection in modern apple orchard, i.e. detected fruits in the back row of trees (DFBRT) or on the ground (DFG), would result in a higher number of fruits counting than the ground truth. This study proposes an automatic fruit counting system called NDMFCS (Normal Detection Matched Fruit Counting System) to solve this problem for improving fruit counting accuracy in modern apple orchard. NDMFCS consists of three sub-systems, i.e. object detection based on You Only Look Once Version 4-tiny (YOLOv4-tiny), abatement of abnormal fruit detection based on threshold, and fruit counting based on trunk tracking and ID assignment. YOLOv4-tiny was selected to implement detection of fruits and trunks, whose output is confidence and pixel coordinates of detected object. The DFBRT and the DFG were defined as abnormal fruit detection and abated by thresholds to improve detection performance of fruit. Detected fruits were removed when their distance from camera is further than a distance threshold (defined as the DFBRT) or the confidence of fruit detection is less than a confidence threshold (defined as the DFG). Finally, fruit counting was implemented by trunk tracking and ID assignment, where each fruit was assigned a unique tracking ID. Results on 10 sets of original videos indicated that average fruit detection precision was improved from 89.1% to 93.3% after abatement of abnormal fruit detection. Also, Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy and Multiple Object Tracking Precision were improved on average by 4.2% and 3.3%, respectively, while average ID Switch Rate was decreased on ave

关键词： Object detection

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Metadata Concepts for Advancing the Use of Digital Health Technologies in Clinical research

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Digital Biomarkers 2019年第3期3卷 116-132页

作者： Badawy, Reham Hameed, Farhan Bataille, Lauren Little, Max A. Claes, Kasper Saria, Suchi Cedarbaum, Jesse M. Stephenson, Diane Neville, Jon Maetzler, Walter Espay, Alberto J. Bloem, Bastiaan R. Simuni, Tanya Karlin, Daniel R. School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Digital Medicine and Pfizer Innovation Research Lab Early Clinical Development Pfizer Inc. CambridgeMA United States College of Computer and Information Science Northeastern University BostonMA United States Analytics Informatics and Business Intelligence Chief Digital Office Pfizer Inc. New YorkNY United States Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research New YorkNY United States Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States UCB Biopharma Brussels Belgium Machine Learning and Healthcare Laboratory Departments of Computer Science Statistics and Health Policy Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Biogen CambridgeMA United States Critical Path Institute TucsonAZ United States Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium AustinTX United States Department of Neurology Christian Albrecht University Kiel Germany James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Department of Neurology Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen Netherlands Department of Neurology Gardner Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOH United States Tufts University School of Medicine BostonMA United States HealthMode New YorkNY United States School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston University BirminghamB47ET United Kingdom

Digital health technologies (smartphones, smartwatches, and other body-worn sensors) can act as novel tools to aid in the diagnosis and remote objective monitoring of an individual's disease symptoms, both in clinical care and in research. Nonetheless, such digital health technologies have yet to widely demonstrate value in clinical research due to insufficient data interpretability and lack of regulatory acceptance. Metadata, i.e., data that accompany and describe the primary data, can be utilized to better understand the context of the sensor data and can assist in data management, data sharing, and subsequent data analysis. The need for data and metadata standards for digital health technologies has been raised in academic and industry research communities and has also been noted by regulatory authorities. Therefore, to address this unmet need, we here propose a metadata set that reflects regulatory guidelines and that can serve as a conceptual map to (1) inform researchers on the metadata they should collect in digital health studies, aiming to increase the interpretability and exchangeability of their data, and (2) direct standard development organizations on how to extend their existing standards to incorporate digital health technologies. The proposed metadata set is informed by existing standards pertaining to clinical trials and medical devices, in addition to existing schemas that have supported digital health technology studies. We illustrate this specifically in the context of Parkinson's disease, as a model for a wide range of other chronic conditions for which remote monitoring would be useful in both care and science. We invite the scientific and clinical research communities to apply the proposed metadata set to ongoing and planned research. Where the proposed metadata fall short, we ask users to contribute to its ongoing revision so that an adequate degree of consensus can be maintained in a rapidly evolving technology landscape. © 2019 The Author(s

关键词： Metadata

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S3Attention: Improving Long Sequence Attention with Smoothed Skeleton Sketching

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Xue Zhou, Tian Zhu, Jianqing Liu, Jialin Yuan, Kun Yao, Tao Yin, Wotao Jin, Rong Cai, Han Qin Alibaba Group BellevueWA98004 United States Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Center for Machine Learning Research Peking University Beijing100871 China Antai College of Economics and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China Meta Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Statistics and Data Science Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States

Attention based models have achieved many remarkable breakthroughs in numerous applications. However, the quadratic complexity of Attention makes the vanilla Attention based models hard to apply to long sequence tasks. Various improved Attention structures are proposed to reduce the computation cost by inducing low rankness and approximating the whole sequence by sub-sequences. The most challenging part of those approaches is maintaining the proper balance between information preservation and computation reduction: the longer sub-sequences used, the better information is preserved, but at the price of introducing more noise and computational costs. In this paper, we propose a smoothed skeleton sketching based Attention structure, coined S3Attention, which significantly improves upon the previous attempts to negotiate this trade-off. S3Attention has two mechanisms to effectively minimize the impact of noise while keeping the linear complexity to the sequence length: a smoothing block to mix information over long sequences and a matrix sketching method that simultaneously selects columns and rows from the input matrix. We verify the effectiveness of S3Attention both theoretically and empirically. Extensive studies over Long Range Arena (LRA) datasets and six time-series forecasting show that S3Attention significantly outperforms both vanilla Attention and other state-of-the-art variants of Attention structures. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Musculoskeletal system

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Sports-QA: A Large-Scale Video Question Answering Benchmark for Complex and Professional Sports

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Haopeng Deng, Andong Liu, Jun Rahmani, Hossein Guo, Yulan Schiele, Bernt Bennamoun, Mohammed Ke, Qiuhong School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Australia Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida United States Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sun Yat-sen University China Department of Computer Vision and Machine Learning Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarland Informatics Campus Germany School of Physics Maths and Computing University of Western Australia Australia Department of Data Science & AI Monash University Australia

Reasoning over sports videos for question answering is an important task with numerous applications, such as player training and information retrieval. However, this task has not been explored due to the lack of relevant datasets and the challenging nature it presents. Most datasets for video question answering (VideoQA) focus mainly on general and coarse-grained understanding of daily-life videos, which is not applicable to sports scenarios requiring professional action understanding and fine-grained motion analysis. In this paper, we introduce the first dataset, named Sports-QA, specifically designed for the sports VideoQA task. The Sports-QA dataset includes various types of questions, such as descriptions, chronologies, causalities, and counterfactual conditions, covering multiple sports. Furthermore, to address the characteristics of the sports VideoQA task, we propose a new Auto-Focus Transformer (AFT) capable of automatically focusing on particular scales of temporal information for question answering. We conduct extensive experiments on Sports-QA, including baseline studies and the evaluation of different methods. The results demonstrate that our AFT achieves state-of-the-art performance. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Question answering

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Florid – a Nationwide Identification Service for Plants from Photos and Habitat Information

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Brun, Philipp de Witte, Lucienne Popp, Manuel Richard Zurell, Damaris Karger, Dirk Nikolaus Descombes, Patrice de Lutio, Riccardo Wegner, Jan Dirk Bornand, Christophe Eggenberg, Stefan Olevski, Tasko Zimmermann, Niklaus E. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf8903 Switzerland Musée et jardins botaniques cantonaux Lausanne1007 Switzerland Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Potsdam14469 Germany EcoVision Lab Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ETH Zurich Zürich8092 Switzerland Department of Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning University of Zurich Zürich8057 Switzerland InfoFlora Switzerland Bern3013 Switzerland Swiss Data Science Center ETH Zurich Zürich8092 Switzerland University of Basel Switzerland

Citizen science has become key to biodiversity monitoring but critically depends on accurate quality control that is scalable and tailored to the focal region. We developed FlorID, a free-to-use identification service for all native and many non-native plants of Switzerland. FlorID can identify >3000 species, using vision transformers trained on 1.5M photos, and ecological predictions from multilayer perceptrons, trained on 6.7M occurrence observations and 20 high-resolution environmental variables. Embedded in a free-to-use application programming interface, FlorID can be accessed directly, via webservice, and via FlorApp smartphone application. If multiple images and spatiotemporal location are available, FlorID correctly identifies 93% of field observations and has a top-5 accuracy of 99%. Ecological predictions boost identification success especially for native species with distinct distributions. By evaluating information on appearance and fine-grained ecology, FlorID is a blueprint for similar solutions targeting different taxa or regions, and a basis for developments like automated community inventories. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blueprints

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Capsule Vision 2024 Challenge: Multi-Class Abnormality Classification for Video Capsule Endoscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Handa, Palak Mahbod, Amirreza Schwarzhans, Florian Woitek, Ramona Goel, Nidhi Dhir, Manas Chhabra, Deepti Jha, Shreshtha Sharma, Pallavi Thakur, Vijay Chawla, Simarpreet Singh Gunjan, Deepak Kakarla, Jagadeesh Raman, Balasubramanian Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence Department of Medicine Danube Private University Krems Austria Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women Delhi India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women Delhi India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning University School of Automation and Robotics Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Delhi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Delhi Technological University Delhi India Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Gastroenterology and HNU All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi India Chennai Kancheepuram India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India

We present the Capsule Vision 2024 Challenge: Multi-Class Abnormality Classification for Video Capsule Endoscopy. It was virtually organized by the research center for Medical Image analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Department of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria in collaboration with the 9th International Conference on Computer Vision & Image Processing (CVIP 2024) being organized by the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Kancheepuram, Chennai, India. This document provides an overview of the challenge, including the registration process, rules, submission format, description of the datasets used, qualified team rankings, all team descriptions, and the benchmarking results reported by the organizers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Endoscopy

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Unlocking the Potential of Digital Pathology: Novel Baselines for Compression

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fischer, Maximilian Neher, Peter Schuffler, Peter Ziegler, Sebastian Xiao, Shuhan Peretzke, Robin Clunie, David Ulrich, Constantin Baumgartner, Michael Muckenhuber, Alexander Almeida, Silvia Dias Gotz, Michael Kleesiek, Jens Nolden, Marco Braren, Rickmer Maier-Hein, Klaus Heidelberg Germany Partner site Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Clinic of Diagnostics and Interventional Radiology Section Experimental Radiology Ulm University Medical Centre Ulm Germany Institute of Pathology TUM School of Medicine and Health Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany University Medicine Essen Essen Germany Partner site Essen Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg a partnership between DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany Research Campus M2OLIE Mannheim Germany PixelMed Publishing BangorPA United States Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center Germany

Digital pathology offers a groundbreaking opportunity to transform clinical practice in histopathological image analysis, yet faces a significant hurdle: the substantial file sizes of pathological Whole Slide Images (WSI). While current digital pathology solutions rely on lossy JPEG compression to address this issue, lossy compression can introduce color and texture disparities, potentially impacting clinical decision-making. While prior research addresses perceptual image quality and downstream performance independently of each other, we jointly evaluate compression schemes for perceptual and downstream task quality on four different datasets. In addition, we collect an initially uncompressed dataset for an unbiased perceptual evaluation of compression schemes. Our results show that deep learning models fine-tuned for perceptual quality outperform conventional compression schemes like JPEG-XL or WebP for further compression of WSI. However, they exhibit a significant bias towards the compression artifacts present in the training data and struggle to generalize across various compression schemes. We introduce a novel evaluation metric based on feature similarity between original files and compressed files that aligns very well with the actual downstream performance on the compressed WSI. Our metric allows for a general and standardized evaluation of lossy compression schemes and mitigates the requirement to independently assess different downstream tasks. Our study provides novel insights for the assessment of lossy compression schemes for WSI and encourages a unified evaluation of lossy compression schemes to accelerate the clinical uptake of digital pathology. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Image compression

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Astrocytes mediate analogous memory in a multi-layer neuron-astrocytic network

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tsybina, Yuliya Kastalskiy, Innokentiy Krivonosov, Mikhail Zaikin, Alexey Kazantsev, Victor Gorban, Alexander Gordleeva, Susanna Scientific and Educational Mathematical Center 'Mathematics of Future Technology' Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod Russia Laboratory of Autowave Processes Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhny Novgorod Russia Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components Innopolis University Innopolis Russia Center for Neurotechnology and Machine Learning Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russia Neuroscience Research Institute Samara State Medical University Samara Russia Dept of Mathematics Leicester University Leicester United Kingdom Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Sechenov University Moscow Russia Institute for Women's Health and Department of Mathematics University College London London United Kingdom

Modeling the neuronal processes underlying short-term working memory remains the focus of many theoretical studies in neuroscience. Here we propose a mathematical model of spiking neuron network (SNN) demonstrating how a piece of information can be maintained as a robust activity pattern for several seconds then completely disappear if no other stimuli come. Such short-term memory traces are preserved due to the activation of astrocytes accompanying the SNN. The astrocytes exhibit calcium transients at a time scale of seconds. These transients further modulate the efficiency of synaptic transmission and, hence, the firing rate of neighboring neurons at diverse timescales through gliotransmitter release. We show how such transients continuously encode frequencies of neuronal discharges and provide robust short-term storage of analogous information. This kind of short-term memory can keep operative information for seconds, then completely forget it to avoid overlapping with forthcoming patterns. The SNN is inter-connected with the astrocytic layer by local inter-cellular diffusive connections. The astrocytes are activated only when the neighboring neurons fire quite synchronously, e.g. when an information pattern is loaded. For illustration, we took greyscale photos of people's faces where the grey level encoded the level of applied current stimulating the neurons. The astrocyte feedback modulates (facilitates) synaptic transmission by varying the frequency of neuronal firing. We show how arbitrary patterns can be loaded, then stored for a certain interval of time, and retrieved if the appropriate clue pattern is applied to the input. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Image recognition

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Skeleton Recall Loss for Connectivity Conserving and Resource Efficient Segmentation of Thin Tubular Structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kirchhoff, Yannick Rokuss, Maximilian R. Roy, Saikat Kovacs, Balint Ulrich, Constantin Wald, Tassilo Zenk, Maximilian Vollmuth, Philipp Kleesiek, Jens Isensee, Fabian Maier-Hein, Klaus Heidelberg Division of Medical Image Computing Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Germany HIDSS4Health - Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health Heidelberg Karlsruhe Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Helmholtz Imaging German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Clinic for Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany Medical Faculty Bonn University of Bonn Bonn Germany University Hospital Essen Essen Germany West German Cancer Center Essen University Hospital Essen Essen Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology Heidelberg University Hospital Germany

Accurately segmenting thin tubular structures, such as vessels, nerves, roads or concrete cracks, is a crucial task in computer vision. Standard deep learning-based segmentation loss functions, such as Dice or Cross-Entropy, focus on volumetric overlap, often at the expense of preserving structural connectivity or topology. This can lead to segmentation errors that adversely affect downstream tasks, including flow calculation, navigation, and structural inspection. Although current topology-focused losses mark an improvement, they introduce significant computational and memory overheads. This is particularly relevant for 3D data, rendering these losses infeasible for larger volumes as well as increasingly important multi-class segmentation problems. To mitigate this, we propose a novel Skeleton Recall Loss, which effectively addresses these challenges by circumventing intensive GPU-based calculations with inexpensive CPU operations. It demonstrates overall superior performance to current state-of-the-art approaches on five public datasets for topology-preserving segmentation, while substantially reducing computational overheads by more than 90%. In doing so, we introduce the first multi-class capable loss function for thin structure segmentation, excelling in both efficiency and efficacy for topology-preservation. Our code is available to the community, providing a foundation for further advancements, at: https://***/MIC-DKFZ/Skeleton-Recall. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Topology

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A Self-Supervised Image Registration Approach for Measuring Local Response Patterns in Metastatic Ovarian Cancer

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Machado, Inês P. Reithmeir, Anna Kogl, Fryderyk Rundo, Leonardo Funingana, Gabriel Reinius, Marika Mungmeeprued, Gift Gao, Zeyu McCague, Cathal Kerfoot, Eric Woitek, Ramona Sala, Evis Ou, Yangming Brenton, James Schnabel, Julia Crispin, Mireia Department of Oncology University of Cambridge United Kingdom Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge United Kingdom Early Cancer Institute University of Cambridge United Kingdom School of Computation Information & Technology Technical University of Munich Germany Institute of Machine Learning in Biomedical Imaging Helmholtz Munich Germany Department of Information and Electrical Engineering University of Salerno Italy School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London United Kingdom Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and AI Danube University Austria Department of Radiologic Sciences Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Italy Department of Radiology Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School United States

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterised by significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity, typically manifesting at an advanced metastatic stage. A major challenge in treating advanced HGSOC is effectively monitoring localised change in tumour burden across multiple sites during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and predicting long-term pathological response and overall patient survival. In this work, we propose a self-supervised deformable image registration algorithm that utilises a general-purpose image encoder for image feature extraction to co-register contrast-enhanced computerised tomography scan images acquired before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This approach addresses challenges posed by highly complex tumour deformations and longitudinal lesion matching during treatment. Localised tumour changes are calculated using the Jacobian determinant maps of the registration deformation at multiple disease sites and their macroscopic areas, including hypo-dense (i.e., cystic/necrotic), hyper-dense (i.e., calcified), and intermediate density (i.e., soft tissue) portions. A series of experiments is conducted to understand the role of a general-purpose image encoder and its application in quantifying change in tumour burden during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HGSOC. This work is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of a self-supervised image registration approach in quantifying NACT-induced localised tumour changes across the whole disease burden of patients with complex multisite HGSOC, which could be used as a potential marker for ovarian cancer patient’s long-term pathological response and survival. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Tumors

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