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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano Paliathanasis, Andronikos Saridakis, Emmanuel N. Department of Chemistry Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences Escola Politecnica Superior Universidad de Lleida Av. Jaume II 69 Lleida25001 Spain School for Data Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University 44 Banghoek Rd Stellenbosch7600 South Africa Centre for Space Research North-West University Potchefstroom2520 South Africa Departamento de Matemàticas Universidad Catòlica del Norte Avda. Angamos 0610 Casilla Antofagasta1280 Chile National Observatory of Athens Lofos Nymfon 11852 Greece CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad Católica del Norte Avda. Angamos 0610 Casilla Antofagasta1280 Chile

Modified cosmology based on Barrow entropy arises from the gravity–thermodynamics conjecture, in which the standard Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is replaced by the Barrow entropy of quantum-gravitational origin, characterized by the Barrow parameter ∆. Interestingly, this framework exhibits similarities with cosmology based on Tsallis δ-entropy, which, although rooted in a non-extensive generalization of Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics, features the same power-law deformation of the holographic scaling present in the Barrow case. We use observational data from Supernova Type Ia (SNIa), Cosmic Chronometers (CC), and Baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), including the recently released DESI DR2 data, in order to extract constraints on such scenarios. As we show, the best-fit value for the Barrow exponent ∆ is found to be negative, while the zero value, which corresponds to ΛCDM paradigm, is allowed only in the range of 2σ for three out of four datasets. Additionally, for the case of the SN0+OHD+BAO dataset, for the current Hubble function we obtain a value of H0 = 72.2+0−0.99, which offers an alleviation for the H0 tension. Finally, by applying information criteria such as the Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayes evidence, we compare the fitting efficiency of the scenario at hand with ΛCDM cosmology, showing that the latter is slightly favoured. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Dark Matter

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ABACUS: An Electronic Structure Analysis Package for the AI Era

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Weiqing Zheng, Daye Liu, Qianrui Lu, Denghui Liu, Yu Lin, Peize Huang, Yike Peng, Xingliang Bao, Jie J. Cai, Chun Jin, Zuxin Wu, Jing Zhang, Haochong Jin, Gan Ji, Yuyang Shen, Zhenxiong Liu, Xiaohui Sun, Liang Cao, Yu Sun, Menglin Liu, Jianchuan Chen, Tao Liu, Renxi Li, Yuanbo Han, Haozhi Liang, Xinyuan Bao, Taoni Chen, Nuo Ren, Hongxu Zhang, Xiaoyang Liu, Zhaoqing Fu, Yiwei Liu, Maochang Li, Zhuoyuan Wen, Tongqi Tang, Zechen Xu, Yong Duan, Wenhui Wang, Xiaoyang Gu, Qiangqiang Dai, Fu-Zhi Zheng, Qijing Zhao, Jin Zhang, Yuzhi Ou, Qi Jiang, Hong Liu, Shi Xu, Ben Xu, Shenzhen Ren, Xinguo He, Lixin Zhang, Linfeng Chen, Mohan AI for Science Institute Beijing100080 China HEDPS CAPT School of Physics College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Supercomputing Center University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information Xihua University Chengdu610039 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing100871 China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Suzhou Academy of Xi’an Jiaotong University Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China Center for Structural Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing China Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Fenghao East Road 2 Beijing100094 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Department of Physics University of Science and

ABACUS (Atomic-orbital Based Ab-initio Computation at USTC) is an open-source software for first-principles electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. It mainly features density functional theory (DFT) and is compatible with both plane-wave basis sets and numerical atomic orbital basis sets. ABACUS serves as a platform that facilitates the integration of various electronic structure methods, such as Kohn-Sham DFT, stochastic DFT, orbital-free DFT, and real-time time-dependent DFT, etc. In addition, with the aid of high-performance computing, ABACUS is designed to perform efficiently and provide massive amounts of first-principles data for generating general-purpose machine learning potentials, such as DPA models. Furthermore, ABACUS serves as an electronic structure platform that interfaces with several AI-assisted algorithms and packages, such as DeePKS-kit, DeePMD, DP-GEN, DeepH, DeePTB, etc. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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WALLABY Pilot Survey & ASymba: Comparing H i Detection Asymmetries to the SIMBA Simulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Perron-Cormier, Mathieu Deg, Nathan Spekkens, Kristine Richardson, Mark L.A. Glowacki, Marcin Oman, Kyle A. Verheijen, Marc A.W. Hank, Nadine A.N. Blyth, Sarah Dénes, Helga Rhee, Jonghwan Elagali, Ahmed Shen, Austin Xiaofan Raja, Wasim Lee-Waddell, Karen Cortese, Luca Catinella, Barbara Westmeier, Tobias Department of Physics Engineering Physics and Astronomy Queen’s University KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute 64 Bader Lane KingstonONK7L 3N6 Canada Institute for Astronomy University of Edinburgh Royal Observatory EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University BentleyWA6102 Australia Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Institute for Computational Cosmology Physics Department Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy Physics Department Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen Landleven 12 Groningen9747 AD Netherlands Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Private Bag X3 Rondebosch7701 South Africa School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology Yachay Tech University Hacienda San José S/N Urcuquí100119 Ecuador University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy CrawleyWA6009 Australia School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia CrawleyWA Australia CSIRO Space and Astronomy PO Box 1130 BentleyWA6102 Australia The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway CrawleyWA6009 Australia Australia

An avenue for understanding cosmological galaxy formation is to compare morphometric parameters in observations and simulations of galaxy assembly. In this second paper of the ASymba: Asymmetries of H i in Simba Galaxies series, we measure atomic gas (H i) asymmetries in spatially-resolved detections from the untargetted WALLABY survey, and compare them to realizations of WALLABY-like mock samples from the SIMBA cosmological simulations. We develop a Scanline Tracing method to create mock galaxy H i datacubes which minimizes shot noise along the spectral dimension compared to particle-based methods, and therefore spurious asymmetry contributions. We compute 1D and 3D asymmetries for spatially-resolved WALLABY Pilot Survey detections, and find that the highest 3D asymmetries (A3D 0.5) stem from interacting systems or detections with strong bridges or tails. We then construct a series of WALLABY-like mock realizations drawn from the SIMBA 50 Mpc simulation volume, and compare their asymmetry distributions. We find that the incidence of high A3D detections is higher in WALLABY than in the SIMBA mocks, but that difference is not statistically significant (p-value = 0.05). The statistical power of quantitative comparisons of asymmetries such as the one presented here will improve as the WALLABY survey progresses, and as simulation volumes and resolutions increase. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Shot noise

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Particle motion around luminous neutron stars: Effects of deviation from Schwarzschild spacetime

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Physical Review D 2024年第6期110卷 064010页

作者： Ronaldo S. S. Vieira Maciek Wielgus Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Auf dem Hügel 69 D-53121 Bonn Germany Research Centre for Computational Physics and Data Processing Institute of Physics

We study trajectories of test particles around a luminous, static, spherically symmetric neutron star, under the combined influence of gravity and radiation. In general relativity, for Schwarzschild spacetime, an equilibrium sphere (the Eddington capture sphere) is formed for near-Eddington luminosities. We generalize these results to a broad class of static, spherical spacetimes. We also study the dynamics of particles in a strong radiation field in spherical spacetimes. The results are illustrated for two cases, Reissner-Nordström spacetime of a charged spherical object in general relativity and Kehagias-Sfetsos spacetime, arising from the Hořava-Lifshitz gravity theory. Our findings apply to neutron stars under gravitational field equations different from the vacuum Einstein field equations of general relativity, such as in modified theories of gravity, the only requirement being that test particles follow geodesics in the absence of the radiation field. The effects that we describe are, in principle, measurable through observations of x-ray bursts of neutron stars. Hence, detailed future studies could use such observations to test gravity theories in the strong-field regime, provided that the impact of the spacetime geometry can be disentangled from the astrophysical uncertainties.

关键词： Alternative gravity theories General relativity X ray bursts Neutron stars & pulsars

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Pionium as a source of false events in the K→πνν¯ decays

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Physical Review D 2020年第11期102卷 113005-113005页

作者： Peter Lichard Institute of Physics and Research Centre for Computational Physics and Data Processing Silesian University in Opava 746 01 Opava Czech Republic and Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University in Prague 128 00 Prague Czech Republic

We suggest that the decay modes of kaons with a pion and a pionium (π+π− atom) in the final state can constitute a not yet considered background to the very rare decay K→πνν¯. In fact, a part of pioniums may escape the decay region before decaying into two π0s (or to π0π0γ in the case of excited pionium). To illustrate the importance of this background, we show that it may even explain, under some assumptions, the unexpected KL decay events that appeared in the KOTO experiment.

关键词： Particle decays Rare decays

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Manifestation of kaonium in the e+e−→K+K− process

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Physical Review D 2020年第11期101卷 111501(R)-111501(R)页

We analyze the precise data obtained by the CMD-3 experiment on the e+e− annihilation into two charged kaons in the vicinity of the ϕ peak. A perfect fit is obtained only if a pole on the real axis below the reaction threshold is assumed. This can be interpreted as proof of the existence of the 2p state of kaonium, a compound of K+ and K−. The BABAR Collaboration data on the same process supports this conclusion and, in addition, points to the strong interaction as a dominant source of the binding energy. The possibility of discovering 2p kaonium in the e+e−→π+π− process is discussed. The 2p state of K0-onium is indicated on the basis of the CMD-3 e+e−→KS0KL0 data.

关键词： Mesons

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New narrow resonance in the e+e−→ϕη data by the Belle collaboration

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Physical Review D 2023年第9期108卷 092005-092005页

Fitting the recent e+e−→ϕη data by the Belle Collaboration with a theoretical formula reveals, besides the dominant ϕ(1680) resonance, two narrow resonances: expected ϕ(2170) resonance and an unexpected resonance with the mass of about 1851 MeV. Close proximity to the X(1835) resonance suggests that the new resonance may be interpreted as the pp¯ baryonium in an excited state. Follow-up analysis found the same resonance also in e+e−→ωη data by the CMD-3 experiment.

关键词： Particle production Phenomenology

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Common explanation of the behavior of some e+e− annihilation processes around s=1.9 GeV

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Physical Review D 2018年第11期98卷 113011-113011页

We show that the behavior of the excitation curves of some e+e− annihilation processes close to the nucleon-antinucleon threshold can be explained either by the ρ(1900) resonance itself or by its interference with other resonances. Besides the six-pion annihilation and the e+e−→K+K−π+π− and e+e−→ϕπ0 processes, we also analyze the final states ηπ+π−, K+K−π+π−π0, and K+K−π0π0, the behavior of which around 1.9 GeV has not yet attracted attention. Analysis of the data on the e+e−→pp¯ and e+e−→nn¯ reactions clearly shows that the ρ(1900) resides above the nn¯ threshold.

关键词： Particle interactions

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Possible manifestation of the 2p pionium in particle physics processes

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Physical Review D 2020年第7期102卷 073004-073004页

We suggest a few particle physics processes in which excited 2p pionium A2π′ may be observed. They include the e+e−→π+π− annihilation, the V0→π0ℓ+ℓ− and K±→π±ℓ+ℓ− (ℓ=e, μ) decays, and the photoproduction of two neutral pions from nucleons. We analyze available experimental data and find that they, in some cases, indicate the presence of 2p pionium, but do not provide definite proof.

关键词： Flavor changing neutral currents Form factors Leptonic, semileptonic & radiative decays

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Probing Globular Cluster with MeerKAT and FAST: A Pulsar Polarization Census

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Lei Abbate, Federico Li, Di Possenti, Andrea Bailes, Matthew Ridolfi, Alessandro Freire, Paulo C.C. Ransom, Scott M. Zhang, Yong-Kun Guo, Meng Ni, Meng-Meng Hu, Jia-Le Feng, Yi Wang, Pei Zhang, Jie Zhi, Qi-Jun National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology VIC3122 Australia INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 SelargiusI-09047 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University Beijing100190 China Swinburne University of Technology VIC3122 Australia Faculty of Physics University of Bielefeld Bielefeld33501 Germany National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road Charlottesville22903 United States National Supercomputing Center in Jinan Qilu University of Technology Jinan250103 China Jinan Institute of Supercomputing Technology 28666 East Jingshi Road Jinan250103 China Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China Institute for Astronomy School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China College of Physics and Electronic Engineering Qilu Normal University Jinan250200 China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guizhou Normal University Guiyang550001 China

Only one globular cluster (GC), 47 Tuc, has been found to containintracluster medium, with an electron density 100 times higher than that of theISM in its vicinity. The characteristics of this intracluster medium areclosely related to GC evolution and the compact objects within. However,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the ionized gas content of GCs,particularly in Galactic halo clusters. We carried out a polarization census ofGC pulsars using MeerKAT and FAST. This first combined effort of observationsfrom these two major radio telescopes resulted in high signal-to-noise ratio,full polarization pulse profiles for 43 pulsars in 8 GCs, doubling the numberof rotation measures (RMs) known in these clusters. The accuracy of dispersionmeasures (DMs) was improved by a factor of 8 compared to previous *** intracluster medium was found, and at least two halo GCs showed morestringent upper limits on electron density than that detected in 47 Tuc. Thesurprising barrenness of GCs suggests effective gas removal mechanisms, such asstrong winds from millisecond pulsars and/or ionizing radiation from post-AGBstars and young white dwarfs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： White dwarfs

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