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TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Pratiher, Sawon Sahoo, Karuna P. Acharya, Mrinal Radhakrishnan, Ananth Alam, Sazedul Kerick, Scott E. Banerjee, Nilanjan Ghosh, Nirmalya Patra, Amit The Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology West Bengal Kharagpur721302 India The Dr. B C Roy Multi-speciality Medical Research Centre Indian Institute of Technology West Bengal Kharagpur721302 India The Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland-Baltimore County BaltimoreMD14701 United States The U.S. Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD United States

Overburdening an individual’s limited cognitive resources, especially when engaged in critical operations, may result in disastrous mishaps. Regular assessments of individuals’ physiological states and associated performance become vital to improving their mission readiness in such scenarios. As a key step towards a field-ready system, this treatise discusses the experimental findings pertinent to affective physiological state modulation and predictive modeling of marksmanship during a Go/NoGo shooting task in an immersive virtual reality environment. The shooting exercise requires the participants to hit the enemy targets and spare the friendly targets. The shooting difficulty levels (SDLs) are introduced by modulating the subject-specific target exposure time. The physiological signals used for analysis comprise electrocardiogram (ECG), 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG), and standard shooting performance scores from 31 subjects. Experimental results with ECG features encompass involuntary physiologic process regulation and the interplay between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) components varying with SDL. Similarly, EEG features highlight the variations in brain region activations with SDLs. Predictive modeling of shooting performance (enemy hit, friendly spare, overall score) and behavioral response (mean enemy reaction time) from physiological (ECG and EEG) features evince the potency of physiological sensing for marksmanship estimation in operational contexts. Moreover, interpretable Shapley value analysis of the predictive models comprehend the (positive/negative) marginal impact of the underlying physiological features on marksmanship. This multimodal physiological sensing framework may assess the alterations in psychophysiological affective states and cognitive effects for performance analysis in operational contexts. © 2022-12-03, CC BY.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Hybrid Integration of Semiconductor Lasers: Impact of Matching Laser AR Coatings to Photonic Wire Bonds

Hybrid Integration of Semiconductor Lasers: Impact of Matchi...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Omid Esmaeeli Matthew Mitchell Justin Bickford Frederic Grillot Lukas Chrostowski Sudip Shekhar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Dream Photonics Inc. Vancouver BC Canada Army Research Laboratory US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Adelphi MD USA LTCI Telecom Paris Institute Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau France Center for High Technology Materials University of New Mexico Albuaueraue NM USA Dream Photonics Inc. Woodinville WA USA

We investigate the influence of anti-reflection (AR) coating index on the per-formance of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers when integrated to a fiber using photonic wire bonds (PWBs). We compare the performance of ai... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Semiconductor lasers Refractive index Distributed feedback devices Laser feedback Reflection Wire Coatings Polymers Fiber lasers Photonics

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Effect of 100C Aging for Periods of up to 120-days on High Strain Rate Properties of SAC305 Alloys

Effect of 100C Aging for Periods of up to 120-days on High S...

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19th InterSociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, ITherm 2020

作者： Lall, Pradeep Mehta, Vishal Suhling, Jeff Blecker, Ken Auburn University NSF-CAVE3 Electronics Research Center Department of Mechanical Engineering AuburnAL36849 United States Us Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Armament Center NJ United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728197647

In the applications like automotive, military applications and in oil/gas exploration, the electronic parts can be exposed to vibrations, impact, shocks and high temperatures, as well. In these harsh environments, electronic components may experience strain rates of 1 to 100 per seconds and environmental temperature up to 200C. The published literature available for lead-free solder alloys at high aging temperature and at high strain rates is scarce. Previous published and available studies for SAC305 lead-free solder alloys are restricted to either low strain rates or lower storage temperatures in the region of 50C. High temperature, high strain-rate properties of SAC305 are not available for prolonged periods of isothermal storage. In this paper, lead- free solder alloy SAC305 has been tested and examined at numerous surrounding temperatures from 25C up to 200C, with high strain rates and elevated thermal aging temperature. The specimens were stored at 100C for the duration of 3 months and 4 months for thermal aging. These thermally aged SAC305 lead-free solder specimen, which have been made using reflow profiles indicative of solder-joint manufacturing assemblies, have been tested at strain rates of 10, 35, 50, and 75 per sec at multiple operating temperatures ranging from 25C to 200C. Stress-strain curves are prepared for the wide range of operating temperatures and strain rates for thermally aged specimens for 3 months and 4 months durations. The experimental results have been fit to the Anand Viscoplastic model for SAC305 and the Anand constants are established by estimating the measured stress-strain behavior for the wide range of temperatures and strain rates, after high temperature storage of specimens. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Strain rate

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Human, AI, Robot Teaming and the Future of Work: Barriers and Opportunities for Advancement

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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2021年第1期64卷 62 - 66页

作者： Erin K. Chiou Eric Holder Igor Dolgov Kaleb McDowell Lance Menthe Rod D. Roscoe Shivam Zaveri Human Systems Engineering Arizona State University U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Directorate (CCDC ARL-HRED) Elevate Uber Technologies Inc. CCDC ARL-HRED Lance Menthe RAND Corporation RAND Corporation Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology Arizona State University

Global investments in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are on the rise, with the results to impact global economies, security, safety, and human well-being. The most heralded advances in this space are more often about the technologies that are capable of disrupting business-as-usual than they are about innovation that advances or supports a global workforce. The Future of Work at the Human-Technology Frontier is one of NSF’s 10 Big Ideas for research advancement. This panel discussion focuses on the barriers and opportunities for a future of human and AI/robot teaming, with people at the center of complex systems that provide social, ethical, and economic value.

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An Optimal Control Approach to Flocking

An Optimal Control Approach to Flocking

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American Control Conference

作者： Logan E. Beaver Chris Kroninger Andreas A. Malikopoulos Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE USA Army Research Laboratory Combat Capabilities Development Command MD USA

ISBN: (数字)9781538682661

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682678

Flocking behavior has attracted considerable attention in multi-agent systems. The structure of flocking has been predominantly studied through the application of artificial potential fields coupled with velocity consensus. These approaches, however, do not consider the energy cost of the agents during flocking, which is especially important in large-scale robot swarms. This paper introduces an optimal control framework to induce flocking in a group of agents. Guarantees of energy minimization and safety are provided, along with a decentralized algorithm that satisfies the optimality conditions and can be realized in real time. The efficacy of the proposed control algorithm is evaluated through simulation in both MATLAB and Gazebo.

关键词： Trajectory Optimal control Safety Sensors Collision avoidance Multi-agent systems Robots

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Tunable Structural Transmissive Color in Fano-Resonant Optical Coatings Employing Phase-Change Materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Yi-Siou Lee, Chih-Yu Rath, Medha Ferrari, Victoria Yu, Heshan Woehl, Taylor J. Ni, Jimmy Takeuchi, Ichiro Ríos, Carlos Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States School of Microelectronics Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory United States Maryland Quantum Materials Center Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

Reversible, nonvolatile, and pronounced refractive index modulation is an unprecedented combination of properties enabled by chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs). This combination of properties makes PCMs a fast-growing platform for active, low-energy nanophotonics, including tunability to otherwise passive thin-film optical coatings. Here, we integrate the PCM Sb2Se3 into a novel four-layer thin-film optical coating that exploits photonic Fano resonances to achieve tunable structural colors in both reflection and transmission. We show, contrary to traditional coatings, that Fano-resonant optical coatings (FROCs) allow for achieving transmissive and reflective structures with narrowband peaks at the same resonant wavelength. Moreover, we demonstrate asymmetric optical response in reflection, where Fano resonance and narrowband filtering are observed depending upon the light incidence side. Finally, we use a multi-objective inverse design via machine learning (ML) to provide a wide range of solution sets with optimized structures while providing information on the performance limitations of the PCM-based FROCs. Adding tunability to the newly introduced Fano-resonant optical coatings opens various applications in spectral and beam splitting, and simultaneous reflective and transmissive displays, diffractive objects, and holograms. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Phase change materials

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Recipes for Consistent Selected Area Electron Diffraction Results: Part 3: Electron Diffraction Analysis Software

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Microscopy Today 2020年第4期28卷 46-53页

作者： Scott D. Walck SURVICE Engineering Co. contractor to U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Aberdeen MD21001

Electron diffraction is an essential tool for materials scientists to have in their characterization toolboxes. When using the transmission electron microscope (TEM) to perform diffraction experiments, setting up the microscope for both calibration standards and unknown materials in a consistent method will ensure that dependable results are obtained. Care must also be exercised to protect digital cameras from intense transmitted and diffracted beams to avoid damage. In Part 2 of this series a procedure is presented for the proper recording of SAED patterns.

关键词： TEM selected area electron diffraction SAED calibration

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Assessing bias of expert solicited parameters for simulation based costing

Assessing bias of expert solicited parameters for simulation...

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2016 Industrial and Systems engineering research Conference, ISERC 2016

作者： Farr, John V. Faber, Isaac J. Richards, James E. Department of Systems Engineering United States Military Academy West PointNY10996 United States US Army Cyber Command Fort BelvoirVA22060 United States Engineer Research and Development Center US Army Corps of Engineers HanoverNH03753 United States

Early in a project life cycle (concept development and early design) subject matter expert (SME) elicitation and historical data are the most common means for producing cost estimates. There is a large and growing body of knowledge on using historical data. However, while there is a robust set of literature surrounding how to elicit specific information from SMEs there is little work done on the inherent bias's that individuals may be contributing and how it may impact a given estimate. Cost estimates are forecasts derived from requirements, architectures, economic environment, level of competence of the developers, etc. Inherent uncertainties produce estimates that can be inaccurate or have little credibility with decision makers. One approach often championed is cost risk analysis, which evaluates and quantifies the variability in the cost estimate. Cost risk analysis involves assigning a probability distribution over a range of estimates and is accomplished using simulation. Cost risk analysis using simulation is often referred to as simulation based costing (SBC). This research is focused on how to develop input data for SBC. Specifically, we present how bias affects the results of research input behavior (i.e., probability distributions) based upon SME elicitation focused on early stage life cycle cost estimating using SBC. © 2016 Proceedings of the 2016 Industrial and Systems engineering research Conference, ISERC 2016. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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High fidelity code-to-code comparison of rotor performance in hover and forward flight 76

High fidelity code-to-code comparison of rotor performance i...

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Vertical Flight Society's 76th Annual Forum and Technology Display

作者： Lim, Joon W. Jain, Rohit K. Potsdam, Mark A. Fitzgibbon, T.A. Barakos, G.N. Widjaja, Ronny U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation Missile Center Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA United States CFD Laboratory School of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom Australia Defence Science and Technology Group Fishermans BendVIC Australia

High fidelity code-to-code comparisons have been made between the University of Glasgow HMB3 code and the HPCMP CREATETM-AV Helios code under The Technical Cooperation Program collaboration project, Next Generation Rotor Blade Design. The comparisons are made for two model-scale rotors - Langley baseline (LBL) rotor and Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) rotor. Hover and forward flight performance results are compared against test data. For the LBL rotor, hover performance is in a good agreement between the test data and HMB3 results over a full range of CT. However, the comparison between the HMB3 and Helios results at a CT of 0.0084 shows the difference in Figure of Merit (FM) by approximately 2 counts (2.2-3.2%). In forward flight, the HMB3 and Helios performance results overpredict the test data at the low advance ratios but improve the predictions at the high advance ratios. At an advance ratio of 0.31, the code-to-code comparison indicated that the Helios torque was lower by 2.8-3.1% compared with the HMB3 torque. For the PSP rotor, the FM trend computed using the Helios-OVERFLOW code agrees well with the fully-turbulent test data. The Helios-OVERFLOW result shows that the fuselage interaction effect is favorable for rotor performance. For a code-to-code comparison, the HMB3 FM result shows about 3.0 counts (4.0%) lower than the Helios-OVERFLOW result at a CT/σ of 0.091. In forward flight, the HMB3 rotor result agrees well with the test data whereas the Helios rotor result underpredicts by 2-3 counts in CP/σ (3.5-5.7%) at the high advance ratios although it was significantly improved at the low advance ratio. Overall, the code-to-code comparisons are successfully conducted for both the LBL and PSP rotors. © 2020 by the Vertical Flight Society.

关键词： Frequency modulation

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Ferroelectricity of Wurtzite Al1−xHfxN Heterovalent Alloys

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bernstein, Nate S.P. Drury, Daniel Lee, Cheng-Wei Shimada, Tatau Sakai, Yuki Rehm, Oliver Baumgarten, Lutz Müller, Martina Gorai, Prashun Iwazaki, Yoshiki Fox, Glen R. Yazawa, Keisuke Hanrahan, Brendan Brennecka, Geoff L. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO80401 United States U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory AdelphiMD20783 United States TAIYO YUDEN CO. LTD. 2-7-19 Kyobashi Chuo-ku Tokyo104-0031 Japan Department of Physics Universität Konstanz KonstanzD-78457 Germany JülichD-52425 Germany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Fox Materials Consulting LLC Colorado SpringsCO80908 United States Materials Science Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401 United States

Thin films of aluminum hafnium nitride (Al1−xHfxN) were synthesized via reactive magnetron sputtering for Hf contents up to x = 0.13. X-ray diffraction showed a single c-axis oriented wurtzite phase for all films. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated homogeneous Al:Hf distribution through the thin films and confirmed their insulating character. A collection of complementary tests showed unambiguous polarization inversion, and thus ferroelectricity in multiple samples. Current density vs. electric field hysteresis measurements showed distinct ferroelectric switching current peaks, the piezoelectric coefficient d33, f,meas measured using a double beam laser interferometer (DBLI) showed a reversal in sign with similar magnitude, and anisotropic wet etching confirmed field-induced polarization inversion. This demonstrates the possibility of using tetravalent–and not just trivalent–alloying elements to enable ferroelectricity in AlN-based thin films, highlighting the compositional flexibility of ferroelectricity in wurtzites and greatly expanding the chemistries that can be considered for future devices. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Ferroelectricity

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