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Structure and biocompatibility of titanium nitride coatings on polyurethane produced by laser ablation

E-Polymers 2005年

作者： Major, Roman Czarnowska, Elzbieta Sowińska, Agnieszka Kustosz, Roman Lackner, Jürgen M. Waldhauser, Wolfgang Woźniak, Michal Wierzchoń, Tadeusz Major, Boguslaw Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences ul. W. Reymonta 25 30-059 Cracow Poland Children Memorial Health Institute Department of Pathology Warsaw Poland Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development Zabrze Poland Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft MbH Laser Center Leoben Austria Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw Poland

Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on polyurethane (PU) were produced by pulsed laser deposition, by means of a system working with a Nd:YAG laser for ablation of titanium target. Nitrogen environment was applied in the reactive chamber. Structure examinations - X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) - were performed to study surface morphology (AFM) and microstructure of the cross-section (TEM) as well as crystallographic texture and residual stresses (XRD). AFM results revealed diminishing roughness of the surface when the coating thickness increased in the range from 0.25 via 0.5 and 1 up to 3 μm. The appearance of characteristic features on the surface leads to the conclusion that the contribution of kinetic processes in the formed morphology was dominant. XRD measurements showed an increase of the lattice parameter, accompanied by an increasing coating thickness, which could be explained by the change of the deposition mechanism. Crystallographic texture measured in TiN layers presented close to random crystallographic orientation, while pole figures of the residual stress distribution suggested isotropic character. Thin foils prepared from the cross-section by the microtome method showed a form of anchoring of the deposited TiN layer to the PU substrate with possible local remelting of substrate by the first deposited particles. Residual stress measured in the TiN layer was in the range of about 2 GPa and its value diminished together with the rise of coating thickness. Biological tight examinations of the coating were carried out with respect to cell proliferation, death and adhesion.

关键词： Titanium nitride

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NCI/NSF Workshop on Operations research Applied to Radiation Therapy Washington, DC, February 7–9, 2002

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Annals of Operations research 2003年第1期119卷 143-146页

作者： Lee, Eva K. Deasy, Joe Langer, Mark Rardin, Ron Deye, Jim A. Mahoney, Frank J. Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Radiation Oncology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta USA Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Engineering and the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis USA Department of Radiation Oncology Indiana University Medical Center USA Operations Research and Production Systems National Science Foundation Washington DC USA Medical Physics National Cancer Institute Washington USA Radiotherapy Development National Cancer Institute Washington DC USA

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40th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

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Diabetologia 2004年第SUPPL 1期47卷 A1-A464页

作者： Veitenhansl, M. Stegner, K. Hierl, F.-X. Dieterle, C. Feldmeier, H. Gutt, B. Landgraf, R. Garrow, A. P. Vileikyte, L. Findlow, A. Waterman, C. Boulton, A. J. M. Shankhdhar, K. Shankhdhar, L. Shankhdhar, U. Petrova, N. L. Foster, A. V. M. Edmonds, M. E. Ferraresi, R. Caravaggi, C. De Giglio, R. Cavaiani, P. Pogliaghi, I. Sommariva, E. Katz, I. A. Harlan, A. Miranda-Palma, B. Prieto-Sanchez, L. Armstrong, D. G. Bowker, J. H. Mizel, M. S. Cernea, S. Wohlgelernter, J. Kidron, M. Modi, P. Raz, I. Arbit, E. Nosek, L. Kapitza, C. Beckett, P. Gelfand, R. Goldberg, M. Heise, T. Testa, M. A. Turner, R. R. Hayes, J. F. Scranton, R. E. Simonson, D. C. Yang, Y.-W. Hsu, Y.-J. Naujok, O. Francini, F. Jörns, A. Tiedge, M. Lenzen, S. Abdel-Wahab, Y. H. A. Marenah, L. Orr, D. F. Shaw, C. Flatt, P. R. Chokkalingam, K. Mansell, P. I. Clausen, P. Ekbom, P. Damm, P. Feldt-Rasmussen, U. Nielsen, B. Mathiesen, E. R. Feldt-Rasmussen, B. Dewan, S. Da Silva, N. Ternan, P. Mc Leong, K. S. Wilding, J. P. H. Asatiani, N. Kurashvili, R. Dundua, M. Shelestova, E. Pagava, K. Ramazashvili, M. Hod, M. Smirnov, S. Petersen, J. L. A. Justesen, T. I. Ringholm Nielsen, L. Müller, C. Højlund, K. Wensaas, A. Kase, E. T. Aas, V. Rustan, A. C. Thoresen, G. H. Levin, K. Beck-Nielsen, H. Gaster, M. Im, S.-S. Kang, S.-Y. Kim, S.-Y. Ahn, Y.-H. Lihn, A. S. Schmoll, D. Werner, T. Kienitz, A. Meyer, M. Barthel, A. Ailett, F. Sutherland, C. Walther, R. Grempler, R. Sasson, S. Reich, R. Tenenbaum, T. Alpert, E. Anfossi, G. Russo, I. Traversa, M. Massucco, P. Mattiello, L. Doronzo, G. Trovati, M. Lally, S. Tan, C. Y. Owens, D. Tomkin, G. H. Porchay, I. Péan, F. Bellili, N. Betoulle, D. Balkau, B. Tichet, J. Marre, M. Fumeron, F. Chatellier, G. Alhenc-Gelas, F. Nichols, G. A. Brown, J. B. Hayes, R. P. Bowman, L. Drexel, H. Saely, C. H. Marte, T. Benzer, W. Langer, P. Hoefle, G. Moll, W. Aczel, S. Karagiannis, E. Lübben, G. Urquhart, R. Edwards, G. Bruce, S. Howlett, H. S. C. Cugnardey, N. Turner, K. C. Park, J.-S. Fiedorek, F. T. Avogaro, A. Gallo, A. Pinton, P. Riz Innenstadt Klinikum der Universität München München Germany Diabetes Center Medizinische Klinik München Germany Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK Podiatry The University of Salford Manchester UK Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Miami Miami USA Department of Medicine Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester UK Podiatry L.K.Diabetes Centre Lucknow India Diabetology L.K.Diabetes Centre Lucknow India Medical Nutrition L.K.Diabetes Centre Lucknow India Diabetic Foot Clinic King’s College Hospital London UK Haemodinamic Department - Cardiovascular Division Magenta Hospital Milan Italy Center for the Study and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Pathology Abbiategrasso Hospital Milan Italy Center for the Study and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Pathology Abbiategrasso Hospital Abbiategrasso Italy Department of Orthopedics University of Miami Miami USA Department of Surgery Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Medical Center Tucson USA Surgery Southern Arizona VA Medical Center Tucson USA Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Rosalind Franklin University School of Medicine and Science North Chicago USA Diabetes Department Center of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Clug-Napoca Romania Diabetes Unit Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Diabetes Unit Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Research Department Generex Biotechnology Corporation Toronto Canada Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Medical Research Emisphere Technologies Inc. New York USA Profil Institut fuer Stoffwechselforschung GmbH Neuss Germany Profil Institute for Metabolic Research Neuss Germany Management Profil Inst. für Stoffwechselforschung Düsseldorf Germany Institute for Metabolic Research Profil Neuss Germany Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston USA Clinical Research Phase V Technologies Wellesley Hills US

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Deposition of TiN films on the inner wall of a pipe by DC vacuum cathodic arc deposition and PBII

Deposition of TiN films on the inner wall of a pipe by DC va...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma science (ICOPS)

作者： Xinxin Ma K. Yukimura M. Kumagai T. Maruyama M. Kohata H. Saito School of Material Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Doshisha University Kyotanabe Japan Material Engineering Division Kanagawa Industrial Technology Research Institute Ebina Kanagawa Japan Material and Componenr Development Department Toshiba Tungaloy Company Limited Yokohama Japan Material Characterization Lnborarory Kanagawa High-Technology Foundation Kawasaki Japan

Summary form only given. TiN films were deposited on the inner wall of a pipe of 80 mm in inner diameter and 150 mm. long by DC vacuum cathodic arc deposition and PBII. A metal rod connected to ground was inserted in the center of the pipe. One of the open ends was set towards to the titanium plasma source. In order to examine the characteristics of the prepared film, silicon substrates were pasted on the inner wall of the pipe. It was found that the thickness of the film deposited on the inner wall of the pipe decreased with increasing the distance from the cathodic arc source, and that the deposition rate had a certain relationship with the plasma density. The application of the high pulse voltage to the pipe strongly affected the film structure and hardness. With increasing the high pulse voltage, the deposition rate slightly increased at the same position, and the distribution of the film thickness tended to be uniform in the axial direction. In the meantime, the microhardness of the film changed in a more complicated way. It was affected by the plasma density and by the ratio of titanium to nitrogen ions. On the whole, the deposition rate at the position of the pipe far from the metal plasma source was relatively low, and the hardness of film at the position of the pipe far from its open end showed relatively low. The grounded rod at the center of the pipe did not strongly affect the film thickness and the hardness, making the PBII process more stable. The XRD analysis of the film showed that there was no difference in crystalline structure between the films deposited with and without inserting the central rod.

关键词： Tin Vacuum arcs Titanium Plasma sources Plasma density Voltage Semiconductor films Silicon Substrates Nitrogen

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Amorphous diamond-like carbon film prepared by shunting arc plasma-based ion implantation and deposition method

Amorphous diamond-like carbon film prepared by shunting arc ...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma science (ICOPS)

作者： K. Yukimura Xinxin Ma T. Maruyama M. Kumagai M. Kohata H. Saito Dept. of Electr. Eng. Doshisha Univ. Kyotanabe Japan School of Material Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Department of Electrical Engineering Faculfy of Engineering Doshisha University Kyotanabe Japan Departmenr of Chemical Engineering Graduate school ofEngineering Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Material Engineering Division Kanagawa Industrial Technology Research Institute Ebina Kanagawa Japan Material and Component Development Department Toshiba Tungaloy Company Limited Yokohama Japan Material Characterization Luboratory Kanagawa High-Technology Foundation Kawasaki Japan

Summary form only given, as follows. The shunting arc discharge is an alternating capacitor discharge through a rod of metal or semi-metal. An optimization of the discharge condition has realized the self-ignition of the arc discharge at a low input power to the rod, leading to a much longer lifetime of the rod compared with the conventional shunting arc and the peripheral arc. The shunting-arc-produced plasma mainly consists of metal or semi-metal ions, and it has also been demonstrated that the ions can be extracted from the plasma. Thus, the shunting arc can be used as pulsed ion sources of metal and semi-metal for plasma-based ion implantation and deposition (PBII-D). In this study, an amorphous diamond-like carbon film was prepared by PBII-D using a pulsed carbon shunting arc at pressure of 10/sup -3/ Pa. The morphology and characteristics of the film were measured by using XPS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The plasma was generated by the release of the capacitor energy (20 /spl mu/F at a charging voltage of 1.2 kV) to serve into a carbon rod of 2 mm in diameter and 40 mm long. The carbon rod was held at each end by a pair of 10 /spl times/ 10 mm square tungsten plates. The shunting arc current showed a damping oscillation with a peak current of 1.2 kA at 20 /spl mu/s. A negative high voltage pulse of -0.3 to 3 kV with a pulse width of 10 /spl mu/s and 20 kHz was repeatedly applied to the target of 80 mm in diameter, which was located at 40 mm away from the plasma source. The maximum film thickness was obtained at an applied voltage of around 1 kV. The XRD pattern indicated that the prepared film was amorphous. The XPS measurements showed that the film included tungsten. This means that the film of carbon-tungsten alloy can be prepared by the shunting arc system.

关键词： Amorphous materials Diamond-like carbon Plasma immersion ion implantation Ion implantation Plasma sources Plasma measurements Voltage Arc discharges Capacitors Plasma properties

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Call for papers

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Soft Computing 2002年第2期6卷 141-141页

作者： Pedrycz, Professor Witold Vasilakos, Professor Thanos Feroldi, Dr. Massimo Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton T6R 2G7 Canada Ph: 001 780 492.3333 Fax: 001 780 492.1811 mail:pedrycz@ee.ualberta.ca CA Institute of Computer Science (ICS) Foundation for Research and Development-Hellas (FORTH) 1385 Heraklion Crete Greece mail:vasilako@ath.forthnet.gr GR SIEMENS ICN S.p.A. Via Monfalcone 15 Cinisello Balsamo 20092 (Milano) Italy Product Manager Mobile Radio (3 piano C) Business and Product Management/Product Planning 3G mail:massimo.feroldi@icn.siemens.it IT

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Advanced power plant start-up automation based on the integration of soft computing and hard computing techniques

Advanced power plant start-up automation based on the integr...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： A. Kamiya A. Kakei K. Kawai S. Kobayashi Power and Industrial Research and Development Center Toshiba Corporation Tokyo Japan Thermal Power Overseas Plant Engineering Department Toshiba Corporation Yokohama Japan Management Innovation Group Toshiba Corporation Tokyo Japan Computational Intelligence and Systems Science Department Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan

The conventional HC (Hard Computing) techniques, i.e., ES (Expert System) and DDC (Digital Direct Control), have so far played a key role in large-scale thermal power plant automation systems which are based on a hierarchy structure. In this paper, we propose to integrate these HC techniques with the emerging SC (Soft Computing) in order to achieve the next-generation optimal automation system. SC, implemented through the integration of reinforcement-learning-based NN (Neural Networks) and GA (Genetic Algorithms), is capable of stochastic searching, learning and generalization, in solving those online optimization problems that are highly non-linear and accompanied with local optima. During the start-up process, SC is applied to generate and search the optimal or near-optimal schedule for the ES, which in turn controls the DDC-based controllers and monitors the whole power plant process with the given schedule. In accordance with our previous research, it has been verified that the optimal or near-optimal schedule can be obtained within tens of seconds, a time range which should be acceptable in power plant operation. The optimal schedule reduces the start-up time by approximately 10% for warm start-up mode.

关键词： Power generation Automation Optimal scheduling Neural networks Optimal control Expert systems Digital control Automatic control Control systems Large-scale systems

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Abstracts of presentations on selected topics at the XIVTH International Plant Protection Congress (IPPC) - July 25-30, 1999 - International Convention Center, Jerusalem, Israel

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PHYTOPARASITICA 1999年第4期27卷 299-332页

作者： [Anonymous] Norwich UK State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products (RIKILT-DLO) AE Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville USA Ecology and Biocontrol Group National Environment Research Council-(NERC) Inst. of Virology and Environmental Microbiology Oxford UK Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas — Centro de Ciencas Medioamhiental.es Madrid Spain Friedrich Miescher Institute Basel Switzerland Dept. of Field Crops Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel Leeds Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture The University of Leeds Leeds UK Plant Genetic Systems Gent Belgium Jealott’s Hill Research Centre Zeneca Agrochemicals Bracknell UK Plant Quarantine Policy Branch Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) Canberra Australia International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) Parc Scientifique Agropolis II France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Beratungsgruppe Entwicklungsorientierte Agrarforschung (BEAF) Bonn Germany Dept. of Crop Protection Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Tel Aviv Israel National Food Safety & Toxicology Center Michigan State University East Lansing Center for Minor Crop Pest Management Rutgers University New Brunswick USA ARS/USDA Beltsville USA Dept. of Entomology and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Genetics University of California Riverside USA Dept. of Virology Wageningen Agricultural University ES Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Entomology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Theoretical Production Ecology Wageningen Agricultural University ES Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Entomology University of California Davis USA Dept. of Plant Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Inst. of Plant Biochemistry Consejo

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Contributory presentations/posters

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Journal of Biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. Bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney B. K. Biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy Bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan B. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. Betzel S. Ghosh A. K. Bera S. Bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal B. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok Baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel Blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur Bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves Blouquit Joël Mispelter Bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin B. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. Bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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Geosheet

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International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 1998年第2期8卷 119-155页

作者： D. T. Lee Chin-Fang Shen Dennis S. Sheu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Research also supported by the National Science Foundation under the Grant CCR-9309743. Current address: Avant! Corporation 46871 Bayside Parkway Fremont CA 94538. Current address: ZEXEL Innovation 1249 Innsbruck Dr. Sunnyvale CA 94089.

GeoSheet (version 1.0) is an interactive visualization tool for visualizing geometric algorithms in distributed environments. It provides features such as interactive visualization of program states for debugging, high-level graphical input/output manipulation facilities for geometric objects, reuse of existing data structures and algorithms implementation, and more importantly distributed executions on heterogeneous machines at different sites. To minimize development effort of the tool we make use of existing software packages available in public domain. Specifically we extend Xfig with a message-driven interface and a socket-based interprocess communication (IPC) mechanism. This extended -Xfig is the backbone of this version of the tool. Object-oriented programming methodology is used to construct the visualization interface. By deriving from traditional data type and algorithm libraries, our abstract GeoObject representation super-classes are easy to use, easy to construct, and highly portable. Although GeoSheet is not restricted to a particular application domain or any programming language, this release only contains geometric algorithm implementations in C++ and LEDA. We hope that the geometric algorithm designers will find it useful when they develop their algorithms.

关键词： Visualization geometric computing objected-oriented programming X windows distributed environment

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