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Indistinguishability analysis and observer design for size-structured cell populations

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 581-586页

作者： P. Jerono J.J. Winkin A. Vande Wouwer A. Schaum Digital Process Engineering Group (DPE) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany Department of Mathematics and Institute for Complex Systems (naXys) University of Namur Belgium Systems Estimation Control and Optimization (SECO) University of Mons Belgium Chair of Automation and Control (ACON) Kiel University Germany

The observability property of population balance equations with biomass measurements is addressed within the framework of indistinguishable trajectories. The population balance equation is described by a partial integro-differential equation which is coupled with an ordinary differential equation for the nutrient dynamics. For the semi-discretized model equations, the dynamics of indistinguishable trajectories are derived and evaluated for the special case of equal partitioning at cell division revealing that the observability property is guaranteed as long as the nutrient concentration is not depleted. Based on these results, an observer is designed and tested in simulation to estimate the cell population distribution using biomass measurements in a batch bioreactor for the case of a bi-structured population.

关键词： Observability indistinguishable trajectories cell population dynamics

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Fractional Order PID control of Propofol Dosage and Optimization in Lean and Obese Patients

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第7期58卷 228-233页

作者： Amani R. Ynineb Marcian-David Mihai Erhan Yumuk Hamed Farbakhsh Ghada Ben Othman Robin De Keyser Cristina Muresan Isabela Birs Dana Copot Clara M. Ionescu Ghent University Department of Electromechanics Systems and Metal Engineering Research Group on Dynamical Systems and Control Tech Lane Science Park 125 9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Department of Automation Cluj-Napoca Romania Istanbul Technical University Department of Control and Automation Engineering Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey

This paper outlines the design of a fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative controller for regulating the induction phase of Propofol infusion in lean and obese patients. The obtained controller is implemented within the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model and the nonlinear Hill function to conduct closed-loop simulations. The latter are employed using a dataset comprising 24 patients to obtain clinical evaluation results. The design of the controller relies on a generic second-order plus dead time approximation model, which characterizes interpatient variability in response to Propofol infusion within the studied population. The fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative is tuned to achieve sufficient robustness margins ie phase margin, cutoff frequency, and the consideration of the iso-damping properties. The results show no undershoot and a smooth convergence to the desired value of the bispectral index, which indicates the depth of hypnosis.

关键词： Closed-Loop control of Anesthesia Obese Patients Fractional-Order PID control

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Analysis and Preliminary Results of a Feedback-Feedforward controller for Depth of Anesthesia

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第7期58卷 216-221页

作者： Erwin Hegedus Marcian D. Mihai Isabela R. Birs Hamed Farbakhsh Erhan Yumuk Dana Copot Eva H. Dulf Robain De Keyser Clara M. Ionescu Cristina I. Muresan Department of Automation Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Memorandumului Street no. 28 400114 Cluj-Napoca Romania Ghent University Department of Electromechanics Systems and Metal Engineering Research Group on Dynamical Systems and Control Tech Lane Science Park 125 Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium Istanbul Technical University Department of Control and Automation Engineering Istanbul Turkey

In a computer-based anaesthesia control system, the depth of hypnosis must be correctly maintained. The regulated variable is the Bispectral Index scale (BIS) controlled via the Propofol drug rate. The anesthesiologist administers Propofol to prevent unwanted fluctuations in the controlled variable during surgical stimulation, which acts as an unmeasurable disturbance on the BIS signal. In this paper, a feedback controller is paired with a feedforward control action. Based on existing clinical protocols, a digitalized disturbance signal that mimics the actual surgical stimulus is employed in the feedforward controller design as a measurable disturbance. To account for the time delay in the BIS measurements, a time delay estimation algorithm is developed and used to estimate the patient time delay. The digitalized disturbance signal is then shifted based on the estimated time delay to ensure a pre-emptive action of the feedforward controller. Two different designs of the feedforward controller are developed. Closed loop simulations considering a nominal patient with and without the feedforward control action are presented and compared. The results show that the surgical stimulus is better tackled using a feedforward control action, even if the actual surgical stimulus is not entirely known.

关键词： feedforward control fractional order control depth of hypnosis time delay estimation closed loop control of anesthesia

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Uncertainty and its Effect on Optimal Multidrug control of Hemodynamic Variables

Uncertainty and its Effect on Optimal Multidrug Control of H...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： Teodora Popescu Isabela R. Birs Ghada Ben Othman Erhan Yumuk Marcian Mihai Erwin Hegedus Dana Copot Robin De Keyser Clara M. Ionescu Cristina I. Muresan Department of Automation Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania Department of Electromechanics Systems and Metal Engineering Research Group on Dynamical Systems and Control Ghent University Gent Belgium Department of Control and Automation Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (数字)9798350382655

ISBN: (纸本)9798350382662

Computer aided control in biomedical applications is gaining more and more popularity due to numerous research studies that have proven the efficiency of automatic control over manual dosing, which is highly susceptible to human errors. Optimal drug dosing is best achieved using automatic control, which triggers important benefits in terms of both costs and patient side-effects. However, mathematical models for patients are highly susceptible to large modeling uncertainty. A predictive control algorithm is designed in this paper for optimal multidrug control of hemodynamic variables. Improved closed loop performance is obtained compared to similar control strategies, for $\pm 30\%$ modeling uncertainty. The simulation results demonstrate that predictive control is a feasible solution for optimal drug dosing. An analysis of the closed loop performance for significant patient variability shows that controllers tuned using a nominal patient model often fail to achieve desired robustness. To limit the effect of modeling uncertainty, the prediction model should be updated using an online identification tool to extract patient features.

关键词： Drugs Uncertainty Simulation Europe Predictive models Prediction algorithms Mathematical models

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MADDPG: Multi-agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm for Formation Elliptical Encirclement and Collision Avoidance 5th

MADDPG: Multi-agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algor...

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5th Chinese Conference on Swarm Intelligence and Cooperative control, CCSICC 2021

作者： Xu, Leixin Chen, Weibin Liu, Xiang Chen, Yang-Yang School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Jiangsu Automation Research Institute Lianyungang222061 China China Tiesiju Civil Engineering Group Co. Ltd. Hefei230023 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811939976

This paper considers the formation encirclement problem of multi-agent systems with collision avoidance, where the enclosing orbit is an ellipse, the target and the formation are dynamic. The novel rewards, that is the elliptical encirclement reward, the formation reward, the angular velocity reward and collision avoidance reward are designed and a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, that is multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG), is designed based on the novel setting of rewards. Simulation results are given to show the validity of the proposed method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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A Decoupled Fractional Order control Strategy to Increase Patient Safety During Anesthesia-Hemodynamic Interactions

A Decoupled Fractional Order Control Strategy to Increase Pa...

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： Erwin Hegedus Marcian D. Mihai Isabela R. Birs Hamed Farbakhsh Erhan Yumuk Dana Copot Robain De Keyser Clara M. Ionescu Cristina I. Muresan Department of Automation Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania Department of Electromechanics Ghent University Systems and Metal Engineering Research Group on Dynamical Systems and Control Tech Lane Zwijnaarde Belgium Department of Control and Automation Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

Monitoring and control of general anesthesia, involving cardiac output or mean arterial pressure are critical to ensure patient safety during surgery. Several computer control solutions have been developed for each of the anesthesia components and hemodynamic processes. However, most do not tackle the synergistic and antagonistic effects of the anesthetic and hemodynamic drugs. Hitherto, only a handful of preliminary results and ideas regarding multivariable control have been reported so far, usually considering a simplified decentralized approach. A decoupled control strategy is proposed here to reduce the interaction between the hemodynamic and anesthesia sub-systems, hence increasing the robustness and stability of the overall control loop. Due to their intrinsic robustness to uncertainty and process model variability, fractional order controllers are designed to ensure that more specific performance criteria are addressed, compared to the traditional PIDs. The decoupled control strategy is compared to the decentralized approach to validate the minimization of the interactions. A robustness analysis is performed using a benchmark patient model and data from 24 patients.

关键词： Uncertainty Stability criteria Surgery process control Anesthesia Robustness Hemodynamics

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Context-Aware control for Quality Improvement in Liquid Steel Manufacturing

Context-Aware Control for Quality Improvement in Liquid Stee...

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2023 IEEE Conference on control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2023

作者： Birs, Isabela R. Muresan, Cristina I. Susca, Mircea Mihaly, Vlad Mihai Ghita, Mihaela Ghita, Maria De Keyser, Robin Ionescu, Clara Eedt Decision & Control Flanders Make Consortium Tech Lane Science Park 125 and 131 GhentB-9052 Belgium Ghent University Research Group of Dynamical Systems and Control Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Belgium Technical University of Cluj Napoca Department of Automation Memorandumului nr 28 Cluj-Napoca400114 Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335446

This paper presents an original theoretical and implementation framework of fractional order event-based control with the purpose of quality improvement at the end production line of a continuous casting process. A real-life steel manufacturing plant is taken into consideration in the study. A prior fractional order model is considered to tune a fractional order Proportional Integral controller that ensures an ideal flow velocity of liquid steel. A novel event-based fractional order methodology is proposed that uses internal and external process events in order to improve quality. The implementation strategy takes into consideration available software and hardware components at the plant site, offering a realistic and implementable solution, highly suitable for the current steel industry setting. Numeric simulations successfully validate the proposed methodology. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Steelmaking

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Optimal Fractional Order PID based on a Modified Ziegler-Nichols method

Optimal Fractional Order PID based on a Modified Ziegler-Nic...

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2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2022

作者： Hegedus, Erwin T. Birs, Isabela R. Ghita, Mihaela Ionescu, Clara M. De Keyser, Robain Muresan, Cristina I. Ghita, Maria Nascu, Ioan Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Dept. of Automation Cluj-Napoca Romania Ghent University DySC Research Group EEDT D&C Flanders Make Ghent Belgium DySC Research Group on Dynamical Systems and Control Ghent University Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (数字)9781665470957

ISBN: (纸本)9781665470957

Industry requires simple, yet efficient tuning methods for controllers. One of these tuning methodologies is the popular Ziegler-Nichols approach that requires little information regarding the process and has some pre-definite tuning rules. Although intensive research has been done in non-integer order controllers and their advantages have been demonstrated, their complexity and tedious tuning kept them away from industrial acceptance. In this manuscript, an existing Ziegler-Nichols method for fractional order controllers is modified to yield optimal parameters. The tuning rules and the optimization algorithm are simple, yet they lead to efficient fractional orders controllers. Simulation results are included to validate the proposed method. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： controllers

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Event-Based Fractional Order MIMO control for Hemodynamic Stabilization During General Anesthesia

Event-Based Fractional Order MIMO Control for Hemodynamic St...

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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Isabela Birs Cristina Muresan Mihaela Ghita Maria Ghita Ioana Nascu Clara Ionescu Automation Department Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Romania DySC research group on Dynamical Systems and Control Ghent University Belgium

General anesthesia is used to induce a reversible loss of consciousness in a patient to ensure they are completely unaware and pain-free during a surgical procedure. This is achieved through the administration of a combination of drugs that depress the central nervous system and can include intravenous injections, inhaled gases, or a combination of both. During the anesthesia maintenance phase, the events in surgery are not continuous, but obey a profile similar to that endorsed by event-based control. The present study considers event-based control as a natural solution to the control challenge of general anesthesia. Two fractional order Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are tuned and implemented using a decentralized approach to control a part of general anesthesia based on hemodynamic variables. The results show that this approach can be successfully used to keep Cardiac Output and Mean Arterial Pressure stable, with a special focus on patient safety, through fast detection of surgical stimulus and robustness to inter/intra patient variability.

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Switched max-plus linear-dual inequalities for makespan minimization: the case study of an industrial bakery shop 1

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 8628-8634页

作者： Davide Zorzenon Nataliia Zaiets Jörg Raisch Control Systems Group Technische Universität Berlin Germany Department of Automation and Robotics Systems National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Science of Intelligence Research Cluster of Excellence Berlin Germany

In this paper, an industrial bakery shop is modeled by switched max-plus linear-dual inequalities (SLDIs). SLDIs are timed discrete event systems suitable for describing flow shops with time-window constraints and switching operating modes, where each mode corresponds to a job type. We consider the scheduling problem of minimizing the makespan of the shop, and we show that the application of methods based on the max-plus algebra leads to a faster solution compared to standard techniques. The results of the paper are general, in the sense that they can be applied to any permutation flow shop with time-window constraints.

关键词： Scheduling Food industry Max-plus algebra Discrete event systems

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