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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kraljevska, Melanija Hlavackova-Schindler, Katerina Miklautz, Lukas Plant, Claudia Research Group Data Mining and Machine Learning Faculty of Computer Science University of Vienna Währingerstrasse 29 Vienna1090 Austria ds:UniVie University of Vienna Austria

In current medical practice, patients undergoing depression treatment must wait four to six weeks before a clinician can assess medication response due to the delayed noticeable effects of antidepressants. Identification of a treatment response at any earlier stage is of great importance, since it can reduce the emotional and economic burden connected with the treatment. We approach the prediction of a patient response to a treatment as a classification problem, by utilizing the dynamic properties of EEG recordings on the 7th day of the treatment. We present a novel framework that applies motif discovery to extract meaningful features from EEG data distinguishing between depression treatment responders and non-responders. We applied our framework also to classification tasks in other psychiatric EEG datasets, namely to patients with symptoms of schizophrenia, pediatric patients with intractable seizures, and Alzheimer disease and dementia. We achieved high classification precision in all data sets. The results demonstrate that the dynamic properties of the EEGs may support clinicians in decision making both in diagnosis and in the prediction depression treatment response as early as on the 7th day of the treatment. To our best knowledge, our work is the first one using motifs in the depression diagnostics in general. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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DFingerNet: Noise-Adaptive Speech Enhancement for Hearing Aids

DFingerNet: Noise-Adaptive Speech Enhancement for Hearing Ai...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Tsangko, Iosif Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas Müller, Michael Schröter, Hendrik Schuller, Björn W. EIHW - Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany Technical University of Munich Germany MCML - Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany WS Audiology Research and Development Erlangen Germany GLAM - Group on Language Audio & Music Imperial College London United Kingdom MDSI - Munich Data Science Institute Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

The DeepFilterNet (DFN) architecture was recently proposed as a deep learning model suited for hearing aid devices. Despite its competitive performance on numerous benchmarks, it still follows a 'one-size-fits-all' approach, which aims to train a single, monolithic architecture that generalises across different noises and environments. However, its limited size and computation budget can hamper its generalisability. Recent work has shown that in-context adaptation can improve performance by conditioning the denoising process on additional information extracted from background recordings to mitigate this. These recordings can be offloaded outside the hearing aid, thus improving performance while adding minimal computational overhead. We introduce these principles to the DFN model, thus proposing the DFingerNet (DFiN) model, which shows superior performance on various benchmarks inspired by the DNS Challenge. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Context Adaptation Deep learning Hearing Aids Speech Denoising Speech Enhancement

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Nonequilibrium Universality of Rydberg-Excitation Spreading on a Dynamic Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ohler, Simon Brady, Daniel Mischke, Patrick Bender, Jana Ott, Herwig Niederprüm, Thomas Ripken, Winfried Otterbach, Johannes S. Fleischhauer, Michael Department of Physics Research Center OPTIMAS RPTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern67663 Germany Mainz55128 Germany Machine Learning Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin10587 Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587 Germany Orthogonal Otter UG Berlin10961 Germany

Understanding the universal properties of non-equilibrium phase transitions of spreading processes is a challenging problem. This applies in particular to irregular and dynamically varying networks. We here investigate an experimentally accessible model system for such processes, namely the absorbing-state phase transition (ASPT) of Rydberg-excitation spreading, known as Rydberg facilitation, in a laser-driven gas of mobile atoms. It occurs on an irregular graph, set by the random atom positions in the gas and, depending on temperature, changes its character from static to dynamic. By studying the behavior of the order parameter in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 173401 (2024)] we showed numerical evidence for a crossover from directed percolation (DP) universality through various phases of anomalous directed percolation (ADP) to mean-field (MF) behavior when the temperature of the gas is increased. As the behavior of the order parameter is not sufficient to uniquely determine the universality class, we here analyze the distribution of avalanches – characteristic of non-equilibrium critical behavior – to fully characterize the ASPT. Performing extended numerical calculations and experiments on a cold 87Rb atom gas we confirm our earlier numerical findings and our phenomenological model that maps the dynamic network to a static one with power-law tails of the distribution of excitation distances. Furthermore we discuss the influence of dissipation, present in the experiment and a necessary ingredient for the self-organization of the system to the critical point. In particular we study the potential modification of the universality class by losses as a function of dissipation strength. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Rydberg states

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DFingerNet: Noise-Adaptive Speech Enhancement for Hearing Aids

DFingerNet: Noise-Adaptive Speech Enhancement for Hearing Ai...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Iosif Tsangko Andreas Triantafyllopoulos Michael Müller Hendrik Schröter Björn W. Schuller EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany CHI – Chair of Health Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany MCML – Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany WS Audiology Research and Development Erlangen Germany GLAM – Group on Language Audio & Music Imperial College London UK MDSI – Munich Data Science Institute Munich Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

The DeepFilterNet (DFN) architecture was recently proposed as a deep learning model suited for hearing aid devices. Despite its competitive performance on numerous benchmarks, it still follows a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach, which aims to train a single, monolithic architecture that generalises across different noises and environments. However, its limited size and computation budget can hamper its generalisability. Recent work has shown that in-context adaptation can improve performance by conditioning the denoising process on additional information extracted from background recordings to mitigate this. These recordings can be offloaded outside the hearing aid, thus improving performance while adding minimal computational overhead. We introduce these principles to the DFN model, thus proposing the DFingerNet (DFiN) model, which shows superior performance on various benchmarks inspired by the DNS Challenge.

关键词： Performance evaluation Adaptation models Computational modeling Noise Noise reduction Computer architecture Speech enhancement Fingerprint recognition Hearing aids Recording

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Cause or Trigger? From Philosophy to Causal Modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hlaváčková-Schindler, Kateřina Wöß, Rainer Pecorino, Vera Schindler, Philip Research Group Data Mining and Machine Learning Faculty of Computer Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Catania Catania Italy Faculty of Philosophy University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Not much has been written about the role of triggers in the literature on causal reasoning, causal modeling, or philosophy. In this paper, we focus on describing triggers and causes in the metaphysical sense and on characterizations that differentiate them from each other. We carry out a philosophical analysis of these differences. From this, we formulate a definition that clearly differentiates triggers from causes and can be used for causal reasoning in natural sciences. We propose a mathematical model and the Cause- Trigger algorithm, which, based on given data to observable processes, is able to determine whether a process is a cause or a trigger of an effect. The possibility to distinguish triggers from causes directly from data makes the algorithm a useful tool in natural sciences using observational data, but also for real-world scenarios. For example, knowing the processes that trigger causes of a tropical storm could give politicians time to develop actions such as evacuation the population. Similarly, knowing the triggers of processes that cause global warming could help politicians focus on effective actions. We demonstrate our algorithm on the climatological data of two recent cyclones, Freddy and Zazu. The Cause-Trigger algorithm detects processes that trigger high wind speed in both storms during their cyclogenesis. The findings obtained agree with expert knowledge. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Physical properties

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DFingerNet: Noise-Adaptive Speech Enhancement for Hearing Aids

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Tsangko, Iosif Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas Müller, Michael Schröter, Hendrik Schuller, Björn W. EIHW – Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of Augsburg Germany CHI – Chair of Health Informatics Technical University of Munich Germany MCML – Munich Center for Machine Learning Munich Germany WS Audiology Research and Development Erlangen Germany GLAM – Group on Language Audio & Music Imperial College London United Kingdom MDSI – Munich Data Science Institute Munich Germany

The DeepFilterNet (DFN) architecture was recently proposed as a deep learning model suited for hearing aid devices. Despite its competitive performance on numerous benchmarks, it still follows a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach, which aims to train a single, monolithic architecture that generalises across different noises and environments. However, its limited size and computation budget can hamper its generalisability. Recent work has shown that in-context adaptation can improve performance by conditioning the denoising process on additional information extracted from background recordings to mitigate this. These recordings can be offloaded outside the hearing aid, thus improving performance while adding minimal computational overhead. We introduce these principles to the DFN model, thus proposing the DFingerNet (DFiN) model, which shows superior performance on various benchmarks inspired by the DNS Challenge. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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Flow-Based Sampling for Entanglement Entropy and the machine learning of Defects

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第15期134卷 151601-151601页

作者： Andrea Bulgarelli Elia Cellini Karl Jansen Stefan Kühn Alessandro Nada Shinichi Nakajima Kim A. Nicoli Marco Panero Department of Physics University of Turin and INFN Turin unit Via Pietro Giuria 1 I-10125 Turin Italy Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center The Cyprus Institute Nicosia Cyprus Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Zeuthen Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data (BIFOLD) Berlin Germany Machine Learning Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany RIKEN Center for AIP Tokyo Japan Transdisciplinary Research Area (TRA) Matter University of Bonn Germany Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics (HISKP) Bonn Germany Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics PL 64 FIN-00014 University of Helsinki Finland

We introduce a novel technique to numerically calculate Rényi entanglement entropies in lattice quantum field theory using generative models. We describe how flow-based approaches can be combined with the replica trick using a custom neural-network architecture around a lattice defect connecting two replicas. Numerical tests for the ϕ4 scalar field theory in two and three dimensions demonstrate that our technique outperforms state-of-the-art Monte Carlo calculations, and exhibit a promising scaling with the defect size.

关键词： Lattice theory

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Toward personalized care management of patients at risk- The diabetes case study 11

Toward personalized care management of patients at risk- The...

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17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and data mining, KDD 2011

作者： Neuvirth, Hani Ozery-Flato, Michal Laserson, Jonathan Rosen-Zvi, Michal Hu, Jianying Kohn, Martin S. Ebadollahi, Shahram Machine Learning and Data Mining Group IBM Research Mount Carmel Haifa 31905 Israel Healthcare Transformation Group IBM Research Hawthorne NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450308137

Chronic diseases constitute the leading cause of mortality in the western world, have a major impact on the patients'quality of life, and comprise the bulk of healthcare costs. Nowadays, healthcare data management systems integrate large amounts of medical information on patients, including diagnoses, medical procedures, lab test results, and more. Sophisticated analysis methods are needed for utilizing these data to assist in patient management and to enhance treatment quality at reduced costs. In this study, we take a first step towards better disease management of diabetic patients by applying state-of-the art methods to anticipate the patient's future health condition and to identify patients at high risk. Two relevant outcome measures are explored: the need for emergency care services and the probability of the treatment producing a sub-optimal result, as defined by domain experts. By identifying the high-risk patients our prediction system can be used by healthcare providers to prepare both financially and logistically for the patient needs. To demonstrate a potential downstream application for the identified high-risk patients, we explore the association between the physician treating these patients and the treatment outcome, and propose a system that can assist healthcare providers in optimizing the match between a patient and a physician. Our work formulates the problem and examines the performance of several learning models on data from several thousands of patients. We further describe a pilot system built on the results of this analysis. We show that the risk for the two considered outcomes can be evaluated from patients'characteristics and that features of the patient-physician match improve the prediction accuracy for the treatment's success. These results suggest that personalized medicine can be valuable for high risk patients and raise interesting questions for future improvements. Copyright 2011 ACM.

关键词： Risk assessment

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Pattern Recognition for Brain-Computer Interface on Disabled Subjects using a Wavelet Transformation

Pattern Recognition for Brain-Computer Interface on Disabled...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

作者： Bassani, Thiago Nievola, Julio Cesar PUCPR Data Mining and Machine Learning Research Group Brazil PUCPR PPGIa (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática) Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424417780

The main objective of this work is to present an exploratory approach on electroencephalographic (EEG) signal, analyzing the patterns on the time-frequency plane. This work also aims to optimize the EEG signal analysis through the improvement of classifiers and, eventually, of the BCI performance. In this paper a novel exploratory approach for data mining on EEG signal based on continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) and wavelet coherence (WC) statistical analysis is introduced and applied. The CWT allows the signal underlying information content illustration by representing time-frequency patterns on Wavelet Coherence qualitative analysis. Results suggest that the proposed methodology is capable of identifying regions on time-frequency spectrum during the specified task on BCI. Furthermore, an example of a region is identified, and the patterns were classified using a radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN). This innovative characteristic of the process justify the feasibility of the proposed approach on another data mining applications. It can open new physiologic researches on this field and researches on different non-stationary time series analysis.

关键词： Pattern analysis Classification Signal Processing Brain Computer Interface

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Pattern recognition for brain-computer interface on disabled subjects using a wavelet transformation

Pattern recognition for brain-computer interface on disabled...

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB)

作者： Thiago Bassani Julio Cesar Nievola PUCPR Data Mining and Machine Learning Research Group Brazil Data Mining and Machine Learning Research Group PUCPR PPGIa (Programa de PósGraduação em Informática Brazil

关键词： Pattern recognition Brain computer interfaces Continuous wavelet transforms Electroencephalography Signal analysis Time frequency analysis Wavelet analysis Pattern analysis data mining Coherence

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