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Asia-Pacific Conference on software Engineering

作者： Georg Simhandl Philipp Paulweber Uwe Zdun Faculty of Computer Science Research Group Software Architecture University of Vienna Vienna Austria fiskaly GmbH Vienna Austria

The microservices architectural style improves flexi-bility and performance but might come at the cost of complexity and cognitive effort. Understanding how architectural design decision affects cognitive effort can support software engineers in designing and building more maintainable systems. However, little research exists measuring the impact of architectural styles on developers' cognitive processes. To the best of our knowledge, no empirical study on navigation and comprehension strategies compares a microservice-based and monolithic variant of a trading system, which is widely used for empirical research on information system evolution. To assess the cognitive processes, we conducted an eye-tracking study (n=42) of typical maintenance tasks. We randomly assigned participants to two groups performing a feature location and a code change task using the trading system's monolithic or microservices-based implementation. Efficacy is significantly higher in the monolith variant. We investigate the reasons and propose a cognitively-grounded method to analyse comprehension strategies and estimate maintenance effort. We measure differences in comprehension strategies (top-down and bottom-up comprehension) and conclude that 1) there is a significant difference in visual effort and time taken to identify a specific feature, and 2) bottom-up comprehension is more frequently applied in microservices than in the monolith variant. Finally, we discuss our findings and their implications for practitioners and the research community.

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Towards agile collaborative multi-view modeling with inconsistency tolerance

Towards agile collaborative multi-view modeling with inconsi...

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2024 Symposium on software Technologies: Applications and Foundations, STAF 2024 Workshops: 2nd International Workshop on Agile Model-Driven Engineering, AgileMDE 2024, 1st Large Language Models for Model-Driven Engineering Workshop, AgileMDE 2024 and 4th International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for Smart Internet-of-Things Systems, MeSS 2024

作者： Shahvari, Yaser Sharbaf, Mohammadreza Rahimi, Shekoufeh Kolahdouz Tehrani, Sobhan Yassipour MDSE Research Group Department of Software Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran School of Arts University of Roehampton London United Kingdom Computer Science Department Faculty of Engineering University College London London United Kingdom

Model-driven engineering (MDE) copes with the complexity of software development by using the principles of separation of concerns and automatic transformation. In MDE, stakeholders from diverse domains collaborate concurrently on different models to quickly analyze, design, and generate complex software-intensive systems. To adopt an agile development approach in MDE, an inconsistency tolerance framework is needed. This framework postpones the resolution phase for incompatibilities caused by online cooperation, allowing temporary incompatibilities to be automatically fixed while requiring resolution only for the remaining conflicts at the appropriate time. In this paper, we propose a general framework for identifying and diagnosing inconsistencies, making decisions regarding inconsistency tolerance or intervention for resolution, and outlining tolerance strategies in agile systems modeled as multi-views. Our framework comprises three primary phases: detection, analysis, and tolerance. It is designed to identify inconsistencies in multi-view models, which are inherently more complex than single-view models. The tolerance phase employs strategies to tolerate inconsistencies, enhancing the flexibility of the agile development approach for collaborative multi-view modeling. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： software design

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Design of an Efficient and Provable Secure Key Exchange Protocol for HTTP Cookies

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 263-280页

作者： Waseem Akram Khalid Mahmood Hafiz Burhan ul Haq Muhammad Asif Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry Taeshik Shon Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002TaiwanChina Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002TaiwanChina Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54920Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology College of EngineeringAbu Dhabi UniversityAbu Dhabi69911United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureNisantasi UniversityIstanbul34398Turkey Department of Cybersecurity Ajou UniversitySuwon16499Republic of Korea

Cookies are considered a fundamental means of web application services for authenticating various Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)requests andmaintains the states of clients’information over the *** cookies are exploited to carry client patterns observed by a *** client patterns facilitate the particular client’s future visit to the corresponding ***,security and privacy are the primary concerns owing to the value of information over public channels and the storage of client information on the *** protocols have been introduced that maintain HTTP cookies,but many of those fail to achieve the required security,or require a lot of resource *** this article,we have introduced a lightweight Elliptic Curve Cryptographic(ECC)based protocol for authenticating client and server transactions to maintain the privacy and security of HTTP *** proposed protocol uses a secret key embedded within a *** proposed protocol ismore efficient and lightweight than related protocols because of its reduced computation,storage,and communication ***,the analysis presented in this paper confirms that proposed protocol resists various known attacks.

关键词： Cookies authentication protocol impersonation attack ECC

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Automated Pattern-Based Recommendation for Improving API Operation Performance and Reliability in Cloud-Based architectures

Automated Pattern-Based Recommendation for Improving API Ope...

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software Services Engineering (SSE) IEEE International Conference on

作者： Amine El Malki Uwe Zdun UniVie Doctoral School Computer Science DoCS University of Vienna Vienna Austria Research Group Software Architecture Faculty of Computer Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria

The extensive use of APIs as the entry point to many Cloud-based applications has created challenging problems, especially concerning API quality properties such as performance and reliability. API best practices and patterns, such as bundling requests, rate limiting, or load balancing, have been proposed to solve these challenges. Unfortunately, no study investigating the impact of existing API practices and patterns on such quality properties exists beyond informal recommendations. In this paper, we fill this gap by proposing a pattern-based, automated recommendation approach to improve the performance and reliability of API operations. We provide a benchmark suite based on a realistic open-source microservice application to enable the automatic generation of comprehensive decision tree models. These models are then processed to generate API design recommendation algorithms to improve API operations regarding performance and reliability stored in catalogs for reuse. We validate our algorithms using extensive data sets generated by running the benchmark on a private cloud and AWS. For both environments, based on the decision tree models automatically generated from the measured data, API design recommendation algorithms have been calculated using our approach.

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Analytical Modeling and Empirical Validation of Performability of Service- and Cloud-Based Dynamic Routing architecture Patterns

Analytical Modeling and Empirical Validation of Performabili...

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Asia-Pacific Conference on software Engineering

作者： Amirali Amiri Uwe Zdun André van Hoorn Faculty of Computer Science Research Group Software Architecture University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Informatics Software Engineering and Construction Methods University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Many dynamic routing architectural patterns are available, including distributed routing, e.g., using the sidecar pattern, or centralized routing, e.g., using event stores or service buses. Different Quality-of-Service (QoS) factors influence routing schemas and technology selection, such as performance, reliability, scalability, and control properties offered by the patterns. An analytical model can formalize the QoS factors and facilitate the architectural decision-making when changing the routing scheme, i.e., to more distributed or centralized routing. So far, the impact of these architectural patterns on performability, i.e., the overall performance of a system with impeded reliability, has not been extensively studied. This is important because deciding to increase performance, e.g., by parallel processing of requests, may lead to decreased reliability because of the added points of a crash. We propose an analytical performability model during component crashes. For the empirical validation of our proposed model, we ran an extensive experiment of 2412 hours of runtime on a private cloud infrastructure and Google Cloud Platform. The low prediction error of 1.75 % indicates the high accuracy of our performability model. These results provide important insights when making architectural decisions regarding service- and cloud-based dynamic routing.

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UML and NFR-framework based method for the analysis of the requirements of an information system

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2023年第1期15卷 411-422页

作者： Arif, Mohd. Mohammad, Chaudhary Wali Sadiq, Mohd. Computer Science and Technology Research Group Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jamia Millia Islamia A Central University New Delhi 110025 India Software Engineering Lab Computer Engineering Section UPFET Jamia Millia Islamia A Central University New Delhi 110025 India

software requirements are the expectation of stakeholders which are identified and modeled by various requirements elicitation and modeling techniques like traditional methods, goal oriented methods, and unified modeling language (UML), etc. The identified software requirements are broadly classified into functional requirements (FRs) and non-functional requirements (NFRs). Based on our literature review, we found that most of the focus in the area of software engineering is on the analysis of FRs as compared to NFRs. For the successful development of any information system both FRs and NFRs should be considered equally during the elicitation and modeling process;and ignoring NFRs may lead to failure of software. Therefore, to address this issue, we developed a method for the analysis of both FRs and NFRs so that a successful software product can be developed by a software company. In the proposed method, FRs are modeled by UML use-case diagram, class-diagram, and activity diagram. The NFRs are analyzed using NFR-framework;and NFR propagation rules have been derived from the requirements of an information system. In this framework, fuzzy based approach has been used to analyze the contribution links of softgoal interdependency graph. The applicability of the proposed method is discussed by using FRs and NFRs of library information system. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management.

关键词： Functional requirements Library information system Non-functional requirements software requirements UML

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Compliance Management of IaC-Based Cloud Deployments During Runtime 23

Compliance Management of IaC-Based Cloud Deployments During ...

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Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 16th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing

作者： Ghareeb Falazi Lukas Harzenetter Kálmán Képes Frank Leymann Uwe Breitenbücher Evangelos Ntentos Uwe Zdun Martin Becker Elena Heldwein Institute of Architecture of Application Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany Reutlingen University Reutlingen Germany Research Group Software Architecture Faculty of Computer Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria IBM Deutschland Böblingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702341

Modern cloud applications increasingly depend on Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) practices for infrastructure automation to help manage the complexity of deploying large-scale architectures. Additionally, the deployment of cloud applications is commonly subject to compliance rules. Moreover, designing compliant IaC-based cloud deployments is not enough since runtime changes to the infrastructure or the configuration of individual components may introduce compliance violations. Often, the process of checking and fixing such violations is done manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, this work aims to define and implement a method for runtime IaC compliance management that reduces the complexity, effort, and uncertainty of checking and enforcing compliance rules against IaC-based cloud deployments at runtime. To this end, we follow the design-science research methodology to design and implement (i) the Runtime IaC Compliance Management (RICMa) method and (ii) the IaC Compliance Management Framework (IaCMF) that supports the execution of the RICMa method. We prototypically implement IaCMF and evaluate it using a qualitative interview study with industry experts.

关键词： infrastructure-as-code IaC IT compliance cloud compliance compliance management

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Report on the 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Approaches to software Quality (QuASoQ 2022) 10

Report on the 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Ap...

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Joint of the 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Approaches to software Quality and the 6th software Engineering Education Workshop, QuASoQ-SEED 2022

作者： Lichter, Horst Aydin, Selin Sunetnanta, Thanwadee Anwar, Toni Research Group Software Construction RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Computer Science Academic Group Faculty of Information And Communication Technology Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Science and Information Technology Computer & Information Systems Universiti Teknologi Petronas Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia

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Architecting Digital Twins for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Architecting Digital Twins for Intelligent Transportation Sy...

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IEEE International Conference on software architecture Workshops (ICSAW)

作者： Hiya Bhatt Sahil Karthik Vaidhyanathan Rahul Biju Deepak Gangadharan Ramona Trestian Purav Shah Software Engineering Research Centre IIIT Hyderabad India Computer Systems Group IIIT Hyderabad India Faculty of Science and Technology Middlesex University London

ISBN: (数字)9798331533366

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533373

Modern transportation systems face growing challenges in managing traffic flow, ensuring safety, and maintaining operational efficiency amid dynamic traffic patterns. Addressing these challenges requires intelligent solutions capable of real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and adaptive control. This paper proposes an architecture for DigIT, a Digital Twin (DT) platform for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), designed to overcome the limitations of existing frameworks by offering a modular and scalable solution for traffic management. Built on a Domain Concept Model (DCM), the architecture systematically models key ITS components enabling seamless integration of predictive modeling and simulations. The architecture leverages machine learning models to forecast traffic patterns based on historical and real-time data. To adapt to evolving traffic patterns, the architecture incorporates adaptive Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), automating the deployment and lifecycle management of predictive models. Evaluation results highlight the effectiveness of the architecture in delivering accurate predictions and computational efficiency.

关键词： Adaptation models software architecture Transportation computer architecture Predictive models Traffic control Real-time systems Digital twins Safety Predictive analytics

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Optimizing Airline Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Graph-Based Techniques

Optimizing Airline Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Graph...

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2023 International Conference on IT and Industrial Technologies, ICIT 2023

作者： Iftikhar, Mahnoor Ali, Raja Hashim Saleem, Memoona Shahzadi, Nazia Arshad, Usama Khan, Talha Ali Zeeshan Ijaz, Ali Ali, Nisar Imad, Muhammad Gik Institute of Engg. Sciences & Tech Faculty of Computer Science & Engg Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Ai Research Group Gik Institute of Engg. Sciences & Tech Faculty of Computer Science & Engg Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Univ. of Europe of Applied Sciences Dept. of Tech & Software Engg Berlin Germany University of Regina Faculty of Electronic Systems Engg Regina Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350315974

In the vast expanse of global travel, the intricate web of interconnected airline networks serves as the lifeline of modern aviation. Amidst the bustling realm of global aviation, where time and resources are of the essence, the optimization of airline networks emerges as a paramount pursuit, unleashing the power to streamline operations, enhance connectivity, and elevate the travel experience for passengers worldwide. In this paper, four prominent graph-based algorithms, namely A*, Bellman-Ford, bidirectional search, and Dijkstra's algorithm, were used and compared for optimization of airline networks. These algorithms leverage the inherent structure of the airways network, represented as a graph, to determine the most efficient routes. By evaluating the execution times, path lengths, and complexities of these algorithms, this research equips the airline industry with valuable insights for optimizing airways path-finding. With optimized path-finding, the skies become more navigable, fostering a seamless travel experience for passengers and bolstering the economic growth driven by the aviation sector. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Air transportation

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