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CREATIVE WAYS OF REVAMPING NH3 PLANTS CAN IMPROVE PROFITABILITY.

Plant/operations progress 1984年第2期3卷 101-107页

作者： Wang, Shoou-I Patel, Nitin M. Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. 18105 Shoou-I Wang:is Manager of Hydrogen and Syngas Section Process Engineering Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. He is responsible for high temperature process design activities on hydrogen carbon monoxide ammonia and methanol plants. He is also program manager for research and development in the hydrogen and carbon monoxide areas. He received a BS from Chung-Yuan University and an MS and PhD from Montana State University all in chemical engineering. Nitin M. Patel:is principal process engineer with Air Products & Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. He is responsible for high temperature process design/optimization activities regarding hydrogen carbon monoxide and ammonia plants. He received his BS from University of Baroda and his MS from Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) both in chemical engineering.

High energy costs have created a need to revamp existing ammonia plants to reduce the overall energy consumption per unit ton of production. This paper discusses the Air Products and chemicals, Inc. (APCI) NH//3 plant bottlenecks and shares some successful experience in revamping to overcome bottlenecks associated with capacity expansion, and overall performance efficiency/reliability improvements.

关键词： AMMONIA

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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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engineering information system for a demonstration plant facility. A newly developed system has, within the first year, led to operating savings well in excess of the cost of the complete system

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process Safety Progress 1983年第3期2卷 160-164页

作者： L. W. Bonnell E. C. Heydorn J. R. Couch Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Allentown Pa. 18105 Leo W. Bonnell is a Senior Process Engineer with Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (Box 538 Allentown PA 18105–215-481-5530). He received S.B. and S.M. degrees in chemical engineering from MIT. He has been active in process development and demonstration of new technologies related to synthetic fuels since joining the company's Process Systems Group in 1978. Edward C. Heydorn is a Process Engineer with Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Allentown PA. The holder of a B.S.Ch.E. degree from Drexel Univ. he works in the Process Systems Group in the areas of new technology development and design of data acquisition systems. James R. Couch is a Sr. Principal Engineering Analyst with Air Products and Chemicals in the MIS/ESS Computer Process Controls Group. After receiving a B.S. in Engineering Chemistry from Lehigh Univ. he worked as a Research Chemist and Computer Specialist for Standard Oil of Ohio before joining APCI in 1977.

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CATALYTIC INCINERATION OF EMISSIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.

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Plant/operations progress 1983年第3期2卷 182-184页

作者： Kenson, Robert E. Met-Pro Corp. Harleysville Pa. 19438 He has over fifteen years' experience in chemical process engineering including petrochemicals fertilizers synfuels energy recovery and polution control processes. In his present position he is responsible for all research/development design and project management activities in pollution control and energy/resource conservation systems for Met-Pro's Systems Division. The author of numerous publications he has presented papers before national meetings of WWEMA APCA AIChE Catalysis Society ACS and AIChE. Ph.D. from Purdue University and an AB from Boston University. He is a member of AIChE APCA AMA and Sigma Xi. As a member of AIChE he has been active as session chairman national program coordinator programming committee member and task force member for the Environmental Division.

The article demonstrates that catalytic incineration is often economically attractive as an alternative to thermal incineration for petroleum and petrochemical process organic emissions. Even where the initial cost of the catalytic incinerator is greater than a comparable-performance thermal incinerator, the lower fuel costs of the catalytic incinerator pay this cost differential back very quickly (1/2 to 2 years). Catalytic incineration can not only be used for pollution control, but also for energy recovery from streams containing combustible gases.

关键词： PETROchemical PLANTS

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A study of flame arrestors in piping systems. Even officially approved flame arrestors must be used only under the exact conditions for which they were tested and approved

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process Safety Progress 1983年第1期2卷 5-12页

作者： G. L. Broschka I. Ginsburgh R. A. Mancini R. G. Will Amoco Oil Co. Naperville Ill. Gregory L. Broschka is currently a Specialist in Industry Supply Analysis with the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). He holds an M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and has been employed by Standard or its subsidiary companies for 8 years. While he was with the Amoco Oil Company Research Department he conducted research in flammability and flame propagation synthetic fuels and leak detection technology. Irwin Ginsburgh is a Senior Research Associate with the Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department with whom he has been employed for 31 years. He holds a PhD in Physics from Rutgers University and has conducted extensive research in gas phase detonations and static electricity. Current research interests include unconfined vapor cloud explosions vapor recovery and advanced energy sources. He holds 42 patents has been awarded four IR 100 awards and has published numerous articles and one book. Robert A. Mancini is a Research Supervisor and Process Safety Specialist with the Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department. He holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and has conducted research in reaction kinetics process safety environmental conservation and probability analysis related to process safety and equipment reliability. He is a member of the Static Electricity and Fire Safety Engineering Subcommittees of the American Petroleum Institute Committee on Safety and Fire Protection and is a member of the NFPA Explosion Protection Systems Technical Committee. Robert G. Will is Director of the Engineering and Environmental Research Division of Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department and has been employed by Amoco Oil or its subsidiary companies for 29 years. He is a mechanical engineering graduate from Purdue University and has conducted research in oil spill control process safety and burner design. He holds five patents has been awarded an IR 100 award and is a Registered Profession

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THE STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS design PROGRAM - ITS IMPACT ON THE FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 87-99页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ GOODING, TG NAPPI, NS Mr. Christopher J. Wiernicki:graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1980 with a B.E. degree in Structural Engineering. Upon graduation he began his professional career at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. As a structural engineer in the Surface Ship Structures Division Mr. Wiernicki was responsible for developing improved methods and procedures for designing and evaluating structural systems for surf ace combatants. Specific projects included design for producibility development and evaluation of automated ship structural design methods and participation in the structural design of the CG 49 Cruiser and the current DDG 51 Destroyer. In 1982 Mr. Wiernicki received his M.S. degree in Ocean Engineering from George Washington University. Mr. Wiernicki is a recipient of the SNAME 1982-82 Graduate Scholarship and is currently doing post graduate work in Naval Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he is a member of ASNE SNAME ASCE and Chi Epsilon. Mr. Thomas G. Gooding:graduated in 1975 from the University of Michigan with B.S. degrees in Oceanography and Naval Architecture. After graduation he began his professional career at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC) as a structural engineer. From 1975 till 1978 Mr. Gooding worked in the area of ship dry docking and was the structural task leader on the complex overhaul ofUSS Long Beach (CGN-9). Mr. Gooding returned to the University of Michigan to receive a M.S. in Naval Architecture in 1979. Currently Mr. Gooding is the structural task leader on the DDGX/DDG 51 program at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Mr. Gooding is a member of SNAME and the Naval Institute. Mr. Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering and received his M.S. in Civil Engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1964 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a Naval Architect (Structure) performing detail structural design and fabrication s

The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of seconds what would formerly take days to accomplish by hand. The Structural Synthesis design Program (SSDP) is a N avy developed computer-aided design tool which is used to design (or to analyze) the longitudinal scantlings for a variety of ship cross sections, consisting of any practical combinations of decks, platforms, bulkheads and materials, i.e., various steel and aluminum alloys. The final hull section design will have the lowest practical weight for the chosen geometric configuration, structural arrangements, and imposed loadings. The scantling developed by the program will satisfy all U.S. N avy ship structural design criteria. An explanation of the objective and design elements of N avy ship structures is included. The rationale behind the SSDP design philosophy is developed along with the significant program capabilities. In an attempt to highlight the influence of automated design procedures on the current naval ship design process, the effect of the SSDP on the DDG 51 destroyer structural development is addressed.

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FERMENTATION AND GENETIC-engineering - PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1983年第10期1卷 847-&页

作者： BULL, DN Daniel N. Bull Ph.D. is a consultant in fermentation technology and president of Satori Corporation P.O. Box 1730 Montclair N.J. 07042. (201) 783-9787.REFERENCES Graff G.M. Short H. and Keene J.1983. Gene-splicing methods move from lab to plant. Chem. Eng.90: 22-27.|ISI|Broda P.1979. p. 1-3. Plasmids. W. H. Freeman Oxford and San Francisco.Donoghue D.J. and Sharp P.A.1978. Construction of a hybrid bacteriophage-plasmid recombinant DNA vector. J. Bact.136: 1192-1196.|PubMed|ISI|ChemPort|Bok S.H. Hoppe D. Mueller D.C. and Lee S.E.1983. Improving the production of recombinant DNA proteins through fermentation development. Abstract from 186th ACS Natl. Mtg. Washington D.C. Sept. 1.Maniatis T. Fritsch E.F. and Sam-brook J.1982. p. 88. Molecular Cloning. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules June 1983 Fed. Reg.48: 24556-24581. Modifications of physical containment recommendations for large-scale uses of organisms containing recombinant DNA molecules. 1983. Recomb. DNA Tech. Bull.6: 69-70.Bull D.N. Thoma R.W. and Stinnett T.E.1983. Bioreactors for submerged culture. In:Adv. in Biotechnological Proc. A. Mizrahi and A. L. van Wezel (eds.) 1: 1-30.Schmidli B.L. and Swartz R.W.1982. Design considerations for aseptic fermentation. Presentation at 184th ACS Natl. Mtg. Kanas City MO.Sittig W.1982. The present state of fermentation reactors. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol.32: 47-58.|ISI|Strek F.1963. Intl. Chem. Eng.3: 533.Uhl V.W. and Gray J.B.1996. Mixing Theory and Practice Vol. I. Academic Press New York.Peters M.S. and Timmerhaus K.D.1968. p. 542. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. McGraw-Hill New York.Dickey D.S. and Hicks R.W. Fundamentals of agitation. Chem. Eng.83: 93-100.Oldshue J.Y.1983. Fluid mixing technology and practice. Chem. Eng.90: 82-108.Kipke K.D.1981. Heat transfer in aerated non-Newtonian fluids. Abstract from 2nd Eur. Cong. Biotech. Eastbourne UK April 5-10.Blakebrough N. McM

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SEAKEEPING BY design

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 157-178页

作者： COMSTOCK, EN KEANE, RG Mr. Edward N. Comstock is currently Head of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Section (SEA 32132) of the Hull Form Design Performance and Stability Branch Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1970 and his M.S. degree in Ship Hydrodynamics in 1974 both from the University of Michigan. Mr. Comstock began his professional career with the U.S. Navy in 1974 as a Seakeeping Specialist in the Hull Form and Fluid Dynamics Branch of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center being involved in improving the design of naval ships through the integration of R&D technology advances into the ship design process. His efforts prior to 1980 were mainly aimed at developing and establishing Seakeeping Performance Assessment and Design Practices. Other responsibilities have included numerous ship performance investigations in still water and in the sea environment in support of ship design and specific Fleet problems. Prior to his employment by the Navy he worked in the Structural and Hydrodynamic Groups of General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division. There his activities spanned the areas of Submarine structural and Hydrodynamic Design and Construction. A member of ASNE since 1978. he is also a member of ASE and SNAME and has been active in supporting the efforts of the SNAME H-7 (Seakeeping) Panel the National Science Foundation (NSF). and the NATO Naval Armaments Group 6/Sub-Group 5 (Seakeeping). Mr. Robert G. Keane Jr. is presently Head of the Hull Form Design. Performance and Stability Branch (SEA 3213). Ship Design and Integration Directorate (SEA 03). Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). He received his B.E.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from The Johns Hopkins University in 1962. his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1967. and his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. Additionally he has done graduate work in Management Science and Operations Research at The Johns Ho

“Seakeeping … is the ability of our ships to go to sea, and Successfully and safely execute their missions despite adverse environmental factors.” — VAdm. R.E. Adamson. USN In June 1975, VAdm. R.E. Adamson, USN, then Commander Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, addressed the participants of the Seakeeping Workshop [1] and established what has come to be a most profound definition of seakeeping as it relates to the U.S. Navy. In those few words he identified the two major issues facing the operator today and provided the focus for all subsequent seakeeping efforts within the design community at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). For it is these two hues of mission sum and safety at sea which are addressed within NAVSEA, for each new ship design and for ships in the Fleet, in terms of: SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE — Ability to execute mission in a sea environment, and SEAWORTHINESS — Ability to survive in an extreme sea environment. In the past, the design of ships exhibiting superior seakeeping performance and seaworthiness and seaworthiness has been looked upon by many as an art or an academic exercise. The objective of this paper then is to demonstrate clearly that the ability of our ships to execute their missions successfully and safely in a sea environment is not by chance but by design.

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THE NAVYS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1968年第5期80卷 795-801页

作者： SINGERMAN, HAROLD H. KINNEY, EDWARD T. Mr. H. H. Singerman is Head of the Fluid Processes Branch of the Annapolis Division of the Naval Ship Research and Development Center. A native of Massachusetts he has been at the Center since 1951. He has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Northeastern University and is a degree candidate for Master of Public Administration (Technology of Management) at the American University. His group is responsible for Research and Development in such diverse fields as life support in nuclear submarines analytical chemistry water treatment and control and shipboard sewage systems. He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Mr. E. T. Kinney a native of Grand Rapids Michigan earned his Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Civil Engineering from Michigan State University in 1952. After a brief stint as an assistant county engineer in Michigan he began his career with the Bureau of Ships as a Naval Architect in the Hull Design Training Program in September 1952. Mr. Kinney is currently a Project Coordinator in the Propulsion Power and Auxiliary Systems Division (SEC 6151) of NAVSEC where he is responsible for auxiliary and landing ships deep submersible vehicles and the NAVSEC Environmental Pollution Control Program. He is a member of the board of directors of the Federal Conference of Sanitary Engineers Panel M-17 of SNAME and Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society.

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