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IEEE International Conference on Requirements engineering

作者： Andy J. Nolan Silvia Abrahão Paul Clements Andy Pickard SIN C-3 Rolls-Royce Public Limited Company Rolls-Royce Derby UK ISSI Research Group Department of Computer Science Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia Spain Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

In the development of complex systems the requirements for the system will almost always remain uncertain late into the software development. In gas turbine engine control systems at Rolls-Royce, typically 50% of requirements will change between Critical Design Review and Entry into Service. Ignoring or not planning for requirements uncertainty will cause scrap and rework that will manifest later in the project. This paper evaluates the impact of not managing these uncertainties and describes how Rolls-Royce uses Requirements Uncertainty Analysis to reduce this impact. The paper summarises the findings from an extensive Six Sigma study into requirements uncertainty and provides an overview of the technique now used to identify and monitor uncertainty through a project life. The return on investment of this technique has been between 100:1 and 500:1.

关键词： Uncertainty Engines software Indexes Risk management Control systems Investments

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Faster and more complete extended static checking for the java modeling language

Faster and more complete extended static checking for the ja...

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作者： James, Perry R. Chalin, Patrice Dependable Software Research Group Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

Extended Static Checking (ESC) is a fully automated formal verification technique. Verification in ESC is achieved by translating programs and their specifications into verification conditions (VCs). Proof of a VC establishes the correctness of the program. The implementations of many seemingly simple algorithms are beyond the ability of traditional Extended Static Checking (ESC) tools to verify. Not being able to verify toy examples is often enough to turn users off of the idea of using formal methods. ESC4, the ESC component of the JML4 project, is able to verify many more kinds of methods in part because of its use of novel techniques which apply multiple theorem provers. In particular, we present Offline User-Assisted ESC (OUA-ESC), a new form of verification that lies between ESC and Full Static Program Verification (FSPV). ESC is generally quite efficient, as far as verification tools go, but it is still orders of magnitude slower than simple compilation. As can be imagined, proving VCs is computationally expensive: While small classes can be verified in seconds, verifying larger programs of 50 KLOC can take hours. To help address the added cost of using multiple provers and this lack of scalability, we present the multi-threaded version of ESC4 and its distributed prover back-end. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

关键词： Java programming language

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Chamaeleon - Exploiting multiple channels to mitigate interference

Chamaeleon - Exploiting multiple channels to mitigate interf...

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International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems

作者： Iyer, Venkatraman Woehrle, Matthias Langendoen, Koen Embedded Software Group Delft University of Technology Netherlands Computer Engineering and Networks Lab. ETH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479108

Due to their embedding into an unknown environment, wireless sensor networks are susceptible to adverse environmental conditions. A prime example is external interference, typically caused by 802.11, electric devices or co-located sensor networks, which can drastically influence communication. However, radios on sensor nodes provide multiple channels, which can help to alleviate interference problems on a particular channel. In this work, we introduce Chamaeleon, a novel lean, cross-layer protocol extension that helps to overcome external interference problems. Chamaeleon switches an affected set of nodes to a new channel based on key network parameters e.g., packet loss and channel backoffs. Initial simulation-based experiments show that Chamaeleon effectively handles the jamming of isolated channels. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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On the potential of software rejuvenation for long-running sensor network deployments

On the potential of software rejuvenation for long-running s...

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2010 ICSE Workshop on software engineering for Sensor Network Applications, SESENA 2010, in Conjunction with the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on software engineering, ICSE 2010

作者： Woehrle, Matthias Meier, Andreas Langendoen, Koen Computer Engineering and Networks Lab. ETH Zurich Switzerland Embedded Software Group Delft University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781605589695

Many sensor network systems encounter considerable problems after deployment despite extensive simulation and testing during the development. A fundamental issue is unforeseen problems that rarely occur, which makes them hard to reproduce. This work focuses on a class of problems that occur due to so-called software aging: The classical software engineering approach to handle software aging effects is software rejuvenation, i. e., the proactive reset of software components. In this positioning paper we discuss whether software rejuvenation can be applied to resource scarce sensor nodes, which are tightly coupled distributed system. We detail why and how software rejuvenation techniques are applicable to sensor networks and presents the basic building blocks required. © 2010 ACM.

关键词： software testing

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A delay-sensitive strategy for real-time monitoring in wireless sensor networks

A delay-sensitive strategy for real-time monitoring in wirel...

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2010 17th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2010

作者： Neto, João B. Borges Neto, Pedro F. Ribeiro Andrade, Rossana M. C. Software Engineering and Systems Group of Computer Networks Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil Group of Software Engineering State University of Rio Grande do Norte Mossoŕo RN Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424452477

Advances in the research of Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) have allowed their use for several purposes, including monitoring of critical and dangerous environments. Applications in these environments share the need of operation without human intervention, which imposes autonomy and efficiency in executing their tasks, even under critical environmental conditions. Besides the traditional WSN physical limitations, their utilization as a source of collecting data in challenging environments requires the ability to support real-time observations of the monitoring environment. These observations should consider not only environment unpredictability with respect to mobility but also the variable amount of nodes and collected data. To deal with that, in this paper we propose a delay-sensitive strategy, which aims to enable WSN for monitoring challenging environments, taking into account real-time data constraints as well as mobility and limitations of the sensor nodes. This strategy is implemented in a new routing protocol, called PROST. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Validating mobility management solutions for interworking UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks

Validating mobility management solutions for interworking UM...

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2010 17th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2010

作者： Nogueira, Antonia Diana B. Ramos, Luana P. De Castro, Miguel F. Andrade, Rossana M. C. Computer Science Department GREat - Research Group on Computer Networks Software Engineering and Systems Federal University of Ceará Campus do Pici - Bloco 942-A 60.455-760 - Fortaleza-CE Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424452477

An important step towards seamless heterogeneous systems is the integration between WLAN and 3G cellular systems. Their interoperability has been frequently discussed in literature, however, there is still room for research in this issue. Since IEEE 802.11 networks reach relatively high data transmission rates when compared to other wireless networks, it has gained the attention of the cellular networks operators, such as UMTS operators, which have been considering IEEE 802.11 networks as a complement to their access networks. Notwithstanding, specification and development of real-time systems with mobility support are still a challenge due to their characteristic of criticality and safety. In this context, formal methods have shown effectiveness in real-time system development. The main advantage of formal methods is allowing a rigorous and nonambiguous system description. Thus, this work presents the specification and validation of two mobility management approaches to integrate UMTS and IEEE 802.11 networks: the first one is based on SIP, and the other one is based on MIP version 6. These specifications extend the Loose Interworking architecture and reach the fourth integration level of the 3GPP specification. These approaches are modeled using SDL and MSC formal description techniques, which are largely used to specify telecommunications systems. SDL also provides simulation and validation results that are analyzed to evaluate the proposed approaches with the goal of proving that formal methods can lead to a more precise and correct final system. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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Automatic inference of abstract type behavior

Automatic inference of abstract type behavior

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25th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated software engineering, ASE'10

作者： Balint, Mihai Department of Computer and Software Engineering LOOSE Research Group Politehnica University Timįsoara Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301169

Type hierarchies are an integral part of the object oriented software reuse machinery. software flexibility can be increased through type inheritance which, if used in accordance with Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) enables safe object substitution. Assuming that formal specifications are available for a set of subtypes, we present our early doctoral research on the automatic inference of an extended deterministic finite automaton that describes the legal usage of abstract supertypes and ensures the behavioral subtyping relation as defined by the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP). We obtain the supertype interface automata by incrementally exploring the specification of the subtypes, unifying correlated subtype fields, simplifying predicates through quantification, and finally creating new model fields that we associate with the remaining predicates. The inferred automaton is simulated by the behavior of each subtype and can be used for safe hierarchy extension, verification of new hierarchy clients, and emphasis of LSP non-compliant methods. © 2010 ACM.

关键词： computer software reusability

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Assessment of NER solutions against the first and second CALBC Silver Standard Corpus

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Journal of Biomedical Semantics 2011年第5期2卷 1-12页

作者： Rebholz-Schuhmann, Dietrich Yepes, Antonio Jimeno Li, Chen Kafkas, Senay Lewin, Ian Kang, Ning Corbett, Peter Milward, David Buyko, Ekaterina Beisswanger, Elena Hornbostel, Kerstin Kouznetsov, Alexandre Witte, René Laurila, Jonas B Baker, Christopher JO Kuo, Cheng-Ju Clematide, Simone Rinaldi, Fabio Farkas, Richárd Móra, György Hara, Kazuo Furlong, Laura I Rautschka, Michael Neves, Mariana Lara Pascual-Montano, Alberto Wei, Qi Collier, Nigel Chowdhury, Md Faisal Mahbub Lavelli, Alberto Berlanga, Rafael Morante, Roser Van Asch, Vincent Daelemans, Walter Marina, José Luís van Mulligen, Erik Kors, Jan Hahn, Udo European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL Outstation Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SD United Kingdom Erasmus University Medical Center Dept. of Medical Informatics Rotterdam Netherlands St. John's Innovation Centre Linguamatics Ltd Cambridge United Kingdom Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab Jena Germany University of New Brunswick Dept. of Computer Science and Applied Statistics Canada Concordia University Dept. of Computer Science and Software Engineering Montreal Canada Academia Sinica Institute of Information Science Taipei 115 Taiwan University of Zürich Switzerland Hungarian Academy of Sciences Research Group on Artificial Intelligence Hungary Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) Universitat Pompeu Fabra Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB) Barcelona Spain National Center for Biotechnology-CSIC Madrid Spain National Institute of Informatics Tokyo Japan Fondazione Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Universitat Jaume I Spain University of Antwerp CLiPS Belgium Complutense University of Madrid Spain

Background: Competitions in text mining have been used to measure the performance of automatic text processing solutions against a manually annotated gold standard corpus (GSC). The preparation of the GSC is time-consuming and costly and the final corpus consists at the most of a few thousand documents annotated with a limited set of semantic groups. To overcome these shortcomings, the CALBC project partners (PPs) have produced a large-scale annotated biomedical corpus with four different semantic groups through the harmonisation of annotations from automatic text mining solutions, the first version of the Silver Standard Corpus (SSC-I). The four semantic groups are chemical entities and drugs (CHED), genes and proteins (PRGE), diseases and disorders (DISO) and species (SPE). This corpus has been used for the First CALBC Challenge asking the participants to annotate the corpus with their text processing solutions. Results: All four PPs from the CALBC project and in addition, 12 challenge participants (CPs) contributed annotated data sets for an evaluation against the SSC-I. CPs could ignore the training data and deliver the annotations from their genuine annotation system, or could train a machine-learning approach on the provided pre-annotated data. In general, the performances of the annotation solutions were lower for entities from the categories CHED and PRGE in comparison to the identification of entities categorized as DISO and SPE. The best performance over all semantic groups were achieved from two annotation solutions that have been trained on the SSC-I. The data sets from participants were used to generate the harmonised Silver Standard Corpus II (SSC-II), if the participant did not make use of the annotated data set from the SSC-I for training purposes. The performances of the participants' solutions were again measured against the SSC-II. The performances of the annotation solutions showed again better results for DISO and SPE in comparison to CHED and P

关键词： Chemical Entity Cosine Similarity Semantic Type Semantic group Annotate Corpus

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A procedure for extracting software development process patterns

A procedure for extracting software development process patt...

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UKSim 4th European Modelling Symposium on computer Modelling and Simulation, EMS2010

作者： Fahmideh Gholami, Mahdi Jamshidi, Pooyan Shams, Fereidoon Automated Software Engineering Research Group Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Shaid Beheshti University GC Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543086

Process patterns represent well-structured and successful recurring activities of software Development Methodologies (SDMs). They are able to form a library of reusable building blocks that can be utilized in Situational Method engineering (SME) for constructing a custom SDM or enhancing an existing one to fit specific project situation. Recently, some researchers have subjectively extracted process patterns from existing SDMs based on cumulative experience in various domains;however, how to objectively extract process patterns from SDMs by adopting a systematic procedure has remained as question. In this regard, this paper is concerned with a procedure aiming to take process patterns out of existing SDMs. An example illustrates applicability of the proposed procedure for extracting process patterns in a specific context. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： software design

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A metric for measuring the degree of entity-centric service cohesion

A metric for measuring the degree of entity-centric service ...

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2010 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, SOCA 2010

作者： Rostampour, A. Kazemi, A. Shams, F. Zamiri, A. Jamshidi, P. Automated Software Engineering Research Group Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Shahid Beheshti University GC Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781424498017

Most of the focus in business process modeling (BPM) is on activity-centric;however an emerging approach in the field is entity-centric which benefits from various enhancements in contrast to former approaches. As a consequence, entity-centric business services as the external view of a group of business processes within an organization are getting more importance in contrast to the other types of business services. These types of services are more powerful than task-centric services in terms of being more reusable, and needing less effort to redesign and redevelop when satisfying new requirements. Therefore, it is critical to quantitatively measure structural properties of such services. Since entity-centric design approaches are emerging in service-oriented paradigm, there is no comprehensive metric to measure the degree of service cohesion. This paper aims to address this issue by providing a novel cohesion metric that takes into account the relations between the entities used by shared operations. The metric are empirically evaluated in a small-scaled controlled study.

关键词： Adhesion

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