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Circularity of Nutrients for Food Security: a Case Study of By-products from Meat Industry

Circular Economy and Sustainability 2024年第1期4卷 475-488页

作者： Ferrazza, Adriana Cioato Maluf, José Uebi Talamini, Edson Bioeconomics Research Group—NEB Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness (CEPAN) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Research and development Manager. Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering with emphasis on processes new products and energy recovery Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná Paraná Toledo Brazil Bioeconomics Research Group—NEB Department of Economics and International Relations (DERI) Faculty of Economics (FCE) Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness (CEPAN) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

The depletion of nutrients available in the soil is related to the long-term unsustainability of the food production system. Planetary biophysical limits make it urgent to adopt circularity practices that recover nutrients from being reused in production systems. The animal protein production system demands high amounts of nutrients, reducing the natural availability in the soil, increasing extraction from natural stocks, and dispersing nutrients abroad. However, nutrients can be recovered from slaughtered chicken by-products, such as mechanically separated meat residues and pre-hydrolyzed chicken bone. The present study compared the nutrients recovered from mechanically separated meat residues and pre-hydrolyzed chicken bone char by fast pyrolysis at 450 °C, 550 °C, and 650 °C. Results indicate that nitrogen, carbon, and chromium reduce as the pyrolysis temperature increases, while phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium increase. Nutrient recovery is less sensitive to pyrolysis temperature in pre-hydrolyzed chicken bone char than in mechanically separated meat residues-bone char (Tukey p < 0.05). In conclusion, the bone char production process can be fine-tuned regarding the pyrolysis temperature and the biomass loaded according to the nutrient targeted for recovery. Increasing the efficiency of nutrient cycling (soil–food–soil) can contribute to sustainable food security. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Biochar Biofertilizer Circular economy Recycling Resource use efficiency

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Upgrading and testing of the UPV/EHU Stellarator 13

Upgrading and testing of the UPV/EHU Stellarator

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13th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications, IISA 2022

作者： Garrido, Aitor J. Marco, Aitor De La Sen, Manuel Oleagordia, Inigo Garrido, Izaskun University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU Automatic Control Group - Acg Institute of Research and Development of Processes - Iidp Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao Po Rafael Moreno 3 Bilbao48013 Spain University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU. Automatic Control Group - Ac Advanced Design and Analysis Department Idom Zarandoa Etorb. 23 Bilbao48015 Spain University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU Automatic Control Group - Acg Institute of Research and Development of Processes - Iidp Department of Electricity and Electronics Faculty of Science and Technology B° Sarriena s/n Leioa48080 Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781665463904

ISBN: (纸本)9781665463904

This paper deals with the upgrade and testing of the of the Ultra-Low Iota Super Elongated Stellarator of the University of the Basque Country. The main upgrades affect to the coil system but also to the microwave source and the data acquisition system. Therefore, it is necessary to update its State-Space model. The updated model is validated by means of experimental output data showing an accurate matching with the real system. Then, in order to test the new model, a Model Predictive Control-MPC scheme is successfully implemented both in simulation and experimentally using a real-time control platform. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Synthesis and thermal stabilizing effect on polyvinyl chloride of calcium/zinc carboxylate from palm fatty acid distillate: Effect of metal to fatty acid ratio

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3073卷

作者： I. Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan Nadya Amalia Pratiwi Nento Adli Azharuddin Antonius Indarto Dendy Adityawarman Chemical Engineering Product Design and Development Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Master Program in Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Chemical Reaction Technology and Catalysis Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has many applications in construction, such as pipes, floors, roofs, walls, frames, and cables. Since it is easily degraded by heat, a heat stabilizer must be added to the PVC resin before it is molded into final products. Mixed calcium/zinc carboxylate has become a popular PVC thermal stabilizer since it is more friendly than the conventional lead base thermal stabilizers and is relatively inexpensive. This research aims to investigate the synthesis and assess the effectiveness of a mixed calcium/zinc thermal stabilizer in stabilizing PVC. The stabilizer was prepared from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), and different metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratios were employed for the study. The synthesis was carried out by a metathesis method at 10% deficiency, stoichiometric, and 10% excess of metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratio. The stabilizing effects of the obtained metal carboxylates as mixed metal thermal stabilizers have also been evaluated by standard thermal stability tests. The calcium and zinc carboxylates prepared at a 10% deficiency were found to have high pHs and lower metal contents than those at stoichiometric molar ratios due to the presence of residual sodium soap. Their thermal stabilizing effects on PVC are also worst when prepared at a deficient metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratio. Increasing the metal-to-fatty acid molar ratio above the stoichiometric requirement lowers the thermal stabilizing effect of zinc carboxylate but has little influence on the thermal stabilizing effect of calcium carboxylate obtained. Synthesis at stoichiometric metal salt-to-fatty acid molar ratios is recommended for preparing calcium and zinc carboxylates as mixed metal PVC thermal stabilizers.

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Heat transfer coefficient on stirring palm fatty acid distillate in a jacketed tank at a dynamic stage

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3073卷

作者： I. Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan Yona Octavia Adli Azharuddin Antonius Indarto Dendy Adityawarman Chemical Engineering Product Design and Development Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Tekno Buana Globalindo Company Bandung Indonesia Master Program in Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Chemical Reaction Technology and Catalysis Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia

Convective heat transfer coefficients for palm fatty acid distillate have been measured in a batch stirred tank. The heat transfer took place at a dynamic stage in jacketed tanks with a working volume of 3.5 and 10.0 liters, at temperature ranging from 60 to 80°C and Reynolds number ranging from 1000 to 6000. The results indicate that the convective heat transfer coefficient is in the range of 230 to 680 W·m-2·°C-1. The data fit well with the existing empirical model and can be expressed as Nu=0.5·Re⅔·Pr⅓ where Nu, Re, and Pr are Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers.

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Poloxamer®s anchored with TAT enhance blood–brain barrier penetration of carbamazepine for the treatment of epilepsy: an in vivo study

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AAPS Open 2024年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： Sotoudegan, Farnaz Amini, Mohsen Sharifzadeh, Mohammad Samadi, Nasrin Sotoudegan, Farzaneh School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design & Development Research Center The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Drug and Food Control Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Quality Control of Medicines and Supplements Group Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Carbamazepine is a pharmacological medication commonly prescribed to treat epilepsy. Dose adjustments, poor bioavailability, and prolonged side effects present significant challenges associated with its use. Poloxamer micelles have demonstrated exceptional properties as nanocarriers for drug delivery. This research aimed to develop Poloxamer nanomicelles containing carbamazepine and assess their potential to cross the blood–brain barrier. Poloxamer 407 and P-85 micelles, anchored with TAT as a ligand and containing carbamazepine, were prepared. The morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug release, stability, and toxicity of nanomicelles were examined, along with animal studies conducted to evaluate their anticonvulsant effects. The distribution of carbamazepine-Poloxamer in the brain and plasma was assessed. The results indicated the successful formation of spherical nanomicelles with an average size of less than 100 nm, and carbamazepine was effectively incorporated into the micelles. Formulations composed of mixtures of Poloxamer exhibited a high encapsulation efficiency of approximately 92.1% and remained stable for three months. A sustained release of carbamazepine was observed for up to 72 h. The anticonvulsant effect of carbamazepine-loaded nanomicelles in mice was found to be significantly greater than that of those treated with carbamazepine solution, with the effect increasing by approximately tenfold. Compared to free carbamazepine, the carbamazepine-loaded nanomicelles exhibited a 5.5-fold increase in the brain targeting index, with no toxicity observed in mice treated with these nanomicelles. These findings suggest that Poloxamer micelles represent a promising nanoscale, controlled-release delivery system that is free from toxicity and can enhance the penetration of carbamazepine into the brain while improving its anticonvulsant activity.

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Time-series clustering approach for training data selection of a data-driven predictive model: Application to an industrial bio 2,3-butanediol distillation process

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COMPUTERS & chemical engineering 2022年 161卷

作者： Choi, Yeongryeol An, Nahyeon Hong, Seokyoung Cho, Hyungtae Lim, Jongkoo Han, In-Su Moon, Il Kim, Junghwan [a]Green Materials and Processes R&D Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology 55 Jongga-ro Ulsan 44413 Republic of Korea [b]Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea [c]Research and Development Center GS Caltex Corporation 359 Expo-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon Republic of Korea

In this study, we propose a time-series clustering approach that selects optimal training data for the development of predictive models. The optimal number of clusters was set based on the variation of within-cluster sums of squares. A predictive model was developed with the selection ratio of training data from each of those clusters. Based on the results, a regression model was developed to predict the performance of the model. The search space was applied to the regression model, and the optimal training data ratio were selected satisfying the objective function and constraints. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by addressing a commercial bio 2,3-butanediol distillation process. As a result, the number of data for model training was reduced by 49.20% compared to the base case without clustering. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) showed the same level of performance, and the root mean-square error was improved up to 14.07%.

关键词： Training data selection Data-driven predictive model Time-series clustering Bio 2 3-BDO

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Synergistic Effect of Synthesized Zno Nanoflowers Coupled with Various Antibiotics Against Pathogenic Microbes: Characterization, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Assessment

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Nassima, Makaoui Moghni, Nassiba Boutemak, Khalida Imoudache, Hicham Akkache, Lynda Amel, Hadj-Ziane Zafour Chemical Engineering Laboratory Process Engineering Department Faculty of Technology University Saad Dahleb Blida 1 BP270 Blida09000 Algeria Research and Development Center SAIDAL GROUP. Algiers Algeria Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes Laboratory Process Engineering Department Faculty of Technology University Saad Dahleb Blida 1 BP270 Blida09000 Algeria Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Faculty of Medcin University Saad Dahleb Blida 1 BP270 Blida09000 Algeria

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (denoted as ZnO NPs) were synthesized via a simple sol-gel technique using only two precursors. Various techniques were utilized to characterize the prepared ZnO nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of nanoparticulated crystallite ZnO wheras the XPS spectra confirrmed the occurance of Zn and O atoms. SEM imaging showed nanoflower morphology with varying particle sizes at the nanoscale;whereas DLS characterization revealed a mean particle diameter that equals 19 nm. The EDX technique confirmed the presence of Zn and O with 85.43% and 12.4% respectively. Meantime the adopted colorimetric method revealed a 99.9% ZnO loading implying the high purity of the synthesized material. The synergetic effect of combining ZnO nanoflowers with antibiotics, namely chlortetracycline hydrochloride, spiramycin, and azithromycin on enhancing the antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains was investigated via disc diffusion technique. The antifungal activity of the synthesized ZnO-antibiotic was also examined. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of chlortetracycline hydrochloride, spiramycin enhanced in the presence of ZnO nanomaterial confirming the synergistic impact of the ZnO-chlortetracycline and ZnO-spiramycin conjunctions. The ZnO-CTC materials exhibed the best synergistic effect both against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The inhibitory zone of ZnO-CTC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, as well as Escherichia coli plates were 19.6, 14.0, 17.8, and 18.6 % higher than that of CTC alone. The inhibition zone of ZnO-CTC against Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cereviciae, and Aspergillus brasiliensis incresead by 42.4%, 21.0%, and 21.6% in comapraison to bare ZnO, respectively. This implies the combination of ZnO-CTC outperforms ZnO in terms of antibacterial efficiency. On the other hand, the antibacterial and antifungal efficiencies were decreased when coupling

关键词： Antibiotics

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Synergistic effect of synthesized ZnO nanoflowers coupled with various antibiotics against pathogenic microbes: Characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment

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Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects 2023年 36卷

作者： Makaoui, Nassima Moghni, Nassiba Boutemak, Khalida Akkache, Lynda Imoudache, Hicham Zafour, Amel Hadj-Ziane Chemical Engineering Laboratory Process Engineering Department Faculty of Technology University Saad Dahleb Blida 1 BP270 Blida 09000 Algeria Research and Development Center SAIDAL GROUP Algiers Algeria Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes Laboratory Process Engineering Department Faculty of Technology University Saad Dahleb Blida 1 BP270 Blida 09000 Algeria Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Faculty of Medicine University Saad Dahleb Blida 1 BP270 Blida 09000 Algeria

In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (denoted as ZnO NPs) were synthesized via a simple sol-gel technique using only two precursors. Various techniques were utilized to characterize the prepared ZnO nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of nanoparticulated crystallite ZnO, whilst XPS spectra confirmed the occurrence of Zn and O atoms. SEM imaging showed a nanoflower morphology with varying particle sizes at the nanoscale, whereas DLS characterization revealed a mean particle diameter that equalled 19 nm. The EDX technique confirmed the presence of Zn and O with 85.43% and 12.4%, respectively. Meanwhile the adopted colorimetric method revealed a 99.9% ZnO loading, implying the high purity of the synthesized material. The synergetic effect of combining ZnO nanoflowers with antibiotics, namely chlortetracycline hydrochloride, spiramycin and azithromycin, on enhancing the antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains was investigated via the disc diffusion technique. The antifungal activity of the synthesized ZnO-antibiotic was also examined. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of chlortetracycline hydrochloride and spiramycin were enhanced in the presence of the ZnO nanomaterial, confirming the synergistic impact of the ZnO-chlortetracycline and ZnO-spiramycin conjunctions. The ZnO-CTC materials exhibited the best synergistic effect both against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The inhibitory zone of ZnO-CTC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli plates were 26.3%, 18.3%, 20.0% and 18.3% higher than that of CTC alone. The inhibition zone of ZnO-CTC against Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus brasiliensis increased by 45.0%, 26.3% and 21.5% in comparison to bare ZnO, respectively. This implies the combination of ZnO-CTC outperforms ZnO in terms of antibacterial efficiency. On the other hand, the antibacterial and antifungal efficiencies we

关键词： Antibacterial activity Antibiotics Antifungal activity Nanoflowers Synergistic effect ZnO

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Study of the water gas shift reaction thermodynamic, kinetic, and reactor modelling

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3215卷

作者： Gita Nur Sajida Salma Liska Wibawa Hendra Saputera Haryo Pandu Winoto Yogi Wibisono Budhi Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia 40132 Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia 40132 Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia 40132

The water gas shift reaction (WGSR) is the intermediate and one of the most important step in carbon-based hydrogen (H2) production. The WGSR process enriches H2 and reduces CO in the synthesis gas. The WGSR is thermodynamically favored at low temperatures and kinetically favored at high temperatures. Thus, the WGSR takes place in two stages, namely high temperature shift (HTS) converter and followed by low temperature shift (LTS) converter. This study examines kinetic expressions for water-gas shift (WGS) reactions, including detailed operating parameters, thermodynamics, and mathematical reactor models. The Gibbs free energy value for the HTSC reaction is – 14.061 J/mol and for the LTSC reaction is –21.504.6 J/mol so that the reaction is feasible. In the WGS reaction the equilibrium conversion of HTSC is 96.3% and LTSC is 99.8%. The power law kinetic equation gives a reaction order value of 1 for CO and the LH model gives a reaction rate constant k of 0.866. In the evaluation of reactor performance by simulation, the results of the study prove that longer residence times, lower inlet temperatures, and optimal reactor heat transfer coefficients result in higher reactant conversions and more product gain.

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A bibliometric review on applications of lignocellulosic fibers in polymeric and hybrid composites: Trends and perspectives

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Heliyon 2024年第19期10卷 e38264页

作者： Santos, Caroliny M. Santos, Thiago F. Rao, H Jeevan Silva, F. Higor V.A. Mavinkere Rangappa, Sanjay Boonyasopon, Pawinee Siengchin, Suchart Souza, D.F.S. Nascimento, J.H.O. Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Av. Prof. Sen. Salgado Filho 3000 Natal 59072-970 Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Department of Mathematics School of Sciences and Humanities Nazarbayev University Astana 010000 Kazakhstan Natural Composites Research Group Lab Department of Materials and Production Engineering The Sirindhorn International Thai-German School of Engineering (TGGS) King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangkok Thailand Department of Design Management and Business Development Faculty of Architecture and Design King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) Bangkok Thailand

Over the past 10 years, materials science and engineering have shown increasing interest in incorporating lignocellulosic fibers into polymer and hybrid composites (LCF-CPH). This bibliometric analysis, covering the period 2012 to 2022, examines the current state of research on the application of these fibers in composites, with the aim of identifying significant contributions, new trends, and possible future directions. The analysis included a comprehensive database search using specific criteria, which revealed a significant increase in research activity on a variety of lignocellulosic fibers, such as flax, jute, hemp and sisal. This growth is particularly evident in the packaging, automotive, aerospace and construction industries. Hybrid composites based on these fibers have gained prominence due to their enhanced properties, which include improvements in mechanical, thermal and environmental characteristics. The findings of this research have significant implications for governments, corporations, and academic institutions. researchers gain a deeper understanding of emerging trends, industry gains valuable insights into the advantages of adopting lignocellulosic fibers, and policymakers gain essential information to support the development of sustainable composites. In the field of advanced composites and sustainable materials, this work lays a solid foundation for future research and industrial applications. © 2024

关键词： Applications Composites Natural fibers Polymers

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