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EFFECTS OF SAMPLE ISOLATION AND HANDLING ON THE RECOVERY OF PURGEABLE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS

GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第2期14卷 142-152页

作者： GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE FICKEN, JH PANKOW, JF ROSEN, ME Jacob Gibs is a water quality specialist with the USGS Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 206 West Trenton NJ 08628). He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1968 his M.S. in environmental engineering in 1975 and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering in 1983 all from Drexel University in Philadelphia. His research interests include evaluating representative ground water and surface water sampling techniques for trace levels of organic and inorganic compounds and designing new sampling devices. Thomas E. Imbrigiotta received a B.S. in chemistry with a concentration in environmental studies from Oakland University Rochester Michigan in 1975. He then attended the University of Wisconsin Madison and received an M.S. in water chemistry in 1982. He has been a hydrologist with the USGS Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 206 West Trenton NJ 08628) since 1977. He worked in the Indiana District from 1977 to 1984 prior to coming to the New Jersey District. Currently he is project coordinator for the Picatinny Research project a study of the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents in ground water at Picatinny Arsenal New Jersey. Previously he was chief of a project evaluating sampling techniques for organics in ground water. James H. Ficken worked for the USGS Water Resources Division as a chemical engineer from 1964 to 1992. He received his B.S. in chemical engineering in 1962 from Washington University in St. Louis Missouri. His research interests were water quality instrumentation and sensors that measure real-time environmental data. He contributed as a team member to the design and development of the USGS water quality flow-through and mini-monitor system. Ficken passed away in 1992. James F. Pankow is a professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering P.O. Box 1900 Portland OR 97291–1000). He

This report compares the recovery of purgeable organic compounds (POCs) obtained by using a downhole isobaric sampler developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, a helical-rotor submersible pump, and a point source bailer to collect and isolate samples of ground water from three wells in New York and New Jersey, the samples contained a total of 13 POCs detectable at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mug/L to about 400 mug/L. This report also compares the effects of sample handling, specifically the differences in POC concentration recovery when an isobaric sample container is filled at land surface vs. when it is filled downhole, and when samples are taken using a bailer with and without a bottom-emptying device. These case studies are used to quantify the possible effects of different sample-isolation and sample-handling techniques on POC recovery. The relative effectiveness of the three devices varied by site and by compound. Overall, the POC recoveries achieved by using the helical-rotor submersible pump and the downhole isobaric sampler were not significantly different at the 95 percent confidence level. POC recovery obtained by using the point source bailer was 11 percent lower overall. The downhole isobaric sampler results exhibited smaller coefficients of variation than did the helical-rotor submersible pump or the point-source bailer results. However, the differences between the coefficients of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler and those of the helical-rotor submersible pump were not significant the 95 percent confidence level. The nonsignificant smaller coefficient of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler apparently resulted from two fewer sample handling steps that exposed the sample water to ambient air. An independent experiment performed with a different downhole sampler at one of the wells used in this investigation produced a similar statistical result. Also, the POC recovery obtained by pouring sample water out the top Of a point source bail

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MPSA abstracts

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Journal of Protein Chemistry 1994年第5期13卷 515-543页

作者： Aminlari, Mahmoud Asquith, Thomas Sarlo, Katherine Bailey, Jerome M. Tu, Oanh Issai, Gilbert Ha, Alice Shively, John E. Bell, Alexander W. Baur, Nicole C. Bergeron, John J. M. Ou, Wei -Jia Thomas, David Y. Cianflone, Katherine Baldo, Allain Hincke, Maxwell T. Momparler, Richard L. Laliberté, Josée Thomson, David M. P. Sutherland, M. Besada, Vladimir Gonzalez, Javier Padron, Gabriel Garay, Hilda Reyes, Osvaldo Takao, Toshifumi Shimonishi, Yasutsugu Bischoff, Rainer Roecklin, Dominique Bouchon, Bernadette Klarskov, Klaus Van Dorsselaer, Alain Brake, Patricia G. Pacitti, Anne Higgins, Terry Stevis, Panos Malinowski, John McElhiney, Sue Huang, Janes Vestal, Christine Buckel, Scott D. Stevenson, Tracy Loo, Joseph A. Caffrey, Martin Wang, Jin Wallace, Carmichael J. A. Clark-Lewis, Ian Carraway, C. A. Carothers Huang, J. Li, Y. Juang, S. -H. Gallo, A. Mayer, B. J. Carraway, K. L. Coleman, Patrick L. Sarpong, Daniel Deerfield, David W. Holland-Minkley, Amanda Hempel, John D. Nicholas, Hugh B. Denslow, Nancy D. Folmar, Leroy C. Sullivan, Craig V. Dixon, James D. Mark, Jonathan P. Elicone, Christopher P. Maleknia, Simin D. McGuinness, Brian F. Regnier, Fred E. Afeyan, Noubar B. Dolence, Julia M. Poulter, C. Dale Egorov, Tsezi Musolyamov, Alexander Popineau, Yves Andersen, Jens Roepstorff, Peter Falkenstein, Roberto J. Biscoglio de Jiménez Bonino, Mirtha J. Peña, Clara Gauggel, D. L. Asquith, T. N. Isfort, R. J. Miller, N. S. Cody, D. B. Giblin, Michael F. Wong, Tuck C. Quinn, Thomas P. Grant, Gregory A. Crankshaw, Mark W. Griffith, Scott Schroeder, Steve Quinn, Thomas Guinet, F. Petillot, Y. Chapsal, J. M. Dubayle, J. Greco, F. Barge, O. Forest, E. Valentin, C. Hahn, Frederick M Baker, Jonathan A. Haniu, Mitsuru Kenney, William C. Rohde, Michael F. Harman, James G. Lee, Eun Ju Glasgow, Joel Lew, Sew Fen Belduz, Ali O. Harris, Reed J. Molony, Michael S. Keyt, Lene H. Wu, Shiaw -Lin Hawke, David H. Tso, Jaqueline Early, Sherrell Miller, Chad G. Hayman, G. Thomas Miernyk, Jan A. Hellman, Ulf Wernstedt, Christer Góñez, Jorge H Department of Biochemistry School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Corporate Professional & Regulatory Services/Human Safety Dept. The Procter & Gamble Co. Cincinnati Division of Immunology Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Duarte Protein Analytic Facility Sheldon Biotechnology Centre USA McGill University Montreal Department of Anatomy USA Biotechnology Research Institute NRC Canada Division of Cardiology Royal Victoria Hospital USA Department of Anatomy University of Ottawa Faculty of Health Science Ottawa Centre de Recherche Pediatrique Hôpital Ste-Justine Université de Montréal Montreal Department of Immunology Montreal General Hospital USA Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Cuba Institute for Protein Research Osaka University Osaka Japan Protein Analytical Group TRANSGENE S.A. Strasbourg Cedex France Vakgroep Biochemie Fysiologie en Microbiologie Gent Belgium Laborat. de Spectrométrie de Masse Bioorganique URA 31 CNRS Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg Cedex France Sterling winthrop Inc. Collegeville Lexin Pharmaceutical Corporation Horsham PerSeptive Biosystems Houston Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division of Warner Lambert Company Ann Arbor Dept. of Chemistry The Ohio State University Columbus USA Dept. of Biochemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Canada Biomedical Research Center University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Dept. of Biochem. & Molec. Biol. Univ. of Miami Sch. of Medicine Miami The Rockefeller Institute New York Dept. of Cell Biol. & Anat. Univ. of Miami Sch. of Medicine Miami Biosciences Laboratory 3M Co. St. Paul Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center Pittsburgh Department of Molecular Genetics/Biochemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Dept. Biochem. and Mol. Biol. University of Florida Gainesville U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Breeze Dept. Zoology North Carolina State University Raleigh PerSeptive Biosystems Inc. Cambridge Department of Chemistry Univ

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STATISTICAL PROCESS-CONTROL FOR SOFTWARE IN THE MAINTENANCE PHASE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 192-200页

作者： LUKE, SR JACOBS, DA REED, BM Stephen R. Luke:is a registered professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1983 and is presently pursuing a master's degree in engineering management at Old Dominion University. Mr. Luke is experienced as a test engineer at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard (1978–1989) and as a reliability/quality engineer at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Detachment Norfolk (1989-Present). Currently he is the group leader of the RMA/QA group for the AN/SQQ-89(V) Antisubmarine Warfare System at Naval Undersea Warfare Center Detachment Norfolk. Mr. Luke is a member of ASNE IEEE (Reliability Society) and ASQC and is an ASQC certified quality engineer and reliability engineer. Derya Alasya Jacobs:is an assistant professor in the Engineering Management Department at Old Dominion University (ODU). She has a B.S. in computer science and an M.S. and Ph.D in engineering management from the University of Missouri-Rolla. Prior to joining ODU Dr. Jacobs worked as a research engineer at the Center for Technology Transfer and Economic Development at the University of Missouri-Rolla. During the same period she served as a consultant in software development for Missouri Enterprise Rolla Missouri. Dr. Jacobs' research interests are in the areas of applied artificial intelligence decision support systems operations research and computer integrated manufacturing. Billie M. Reed:is an assistant professor in the Engineering Management Department at Old Dominion University. He received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Auburn University in 1971. After completing undergraduate studies Dr. Reed was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in the nuclear submarine force until 1982. Following his military career Dr. Reed worked for nine years as a systems engineer and human-machine interface designer of complex interactive computer based systems for use in aircraft space and ship systems. He received his M.S. and Ph

As technology advances and our dependency on software increases, the requirement to develop the correct means to improve quality in both the deveiopment phase and the maintenance phase of software life cycle support becomes increasingly significant. The focus of this paper is on the dilemma facing software engineering in maintaining quality within the constraints of the maintenance phase. The paper further proposes that the software maintenance process can also be analvzed and improved using statistical process control (SPC) techniques. The methods discussed in this paper have been proposed for use in the Software Maintenance project at NUWC Detachment Norfolk. Upon successful testing at NUWC Detachment Norfolk, they will be forwarded to the AN/SQQ-89(V) (interagencv) Software Quality Evaluation Committee for use by other agencies which are developing and maintaining AN/SQQ-89(V) software.

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COMPARISON OF DOWNHOLE AND SURFACE SAMPLING FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS (VOCS) IN GROUND-WATER

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1992年第1期12卷 126-133页

作者： ROSEN, ME PANKOW, JF GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE Michael E. Rosen received his B.A. in chemistry from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 1981 and a Ph.D. in environmental science and engineering from the Oregon Graduate Institute in 1988. His research interests include trace environmental analysis of organic compounds. He is now manager of the Voluntary Cleanup Section of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (Environmental Cleanup Division 811 S.W. 6th Ave. Portland OR 97204) where he is working to develop streamlined procedures and processes for the investigation and cleanup of hazardous substance sites. James F. Pankow is professor and chairman of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Institute (Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering 19600 N.W. von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006–1999). He received his B.A. in chemistry in 1973 from the State University of New York in Binghamton and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California in 1979. His group is involved in the study of the physical and chemical processes affecting the behavior of organic and inorganic chemicals in the environment. This work includes the development and application of sensitive analytical methods for the determination of trace organic contaminants in ground water systems. Jacob Gibs is an environmental engineer with the U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division (810 Bear Tavern Rd. Ste. 207 West Trenton NJ 08628). He received a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1968 an M.S. in environmental engineering in 1975 and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering in 1983 all from Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania. He is currently project chief of a study on representative sampling of ground water for trace levels of organic compounds. His research interests include evaluating ground water sampling techniques and devices for purgeable organic compounds design of sampling

The relative precision and accuracy of sampling and analysis methods for the determination of trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water were compared. Samples were collected from a well containing nanogram-per-liter (ng/L) to microgram-per-liter (mu-g/L) levels of VOCs. A Keck helical rotor submersible pump was used to collect samples at the surface for analysis by purge and trap (P&T) and for analysis by adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD). Downhole samples were collected by passing water through an ATD cartridge. Although slight spontaneous bubble outgassing occurred when the water was brought to the surface, the relative precisions and comparabilities of the surface and downhole methods were generally found to be equivalent from a statistical point of view. A main conclusion of this study is that bringing sample water to the surface for placement in VOC vials (and subsequent analysis by P&T) can be done reliably under many circumstances. However, care must still be taken to prevent adsorption losses and cross contamination. Samples subject to strong bubble outgassing will need to be handled in a special fashion (e.g., by downhole ATD) to minimize volatilization losses. Additionally, the higher sensitivity of the ATD method allows lower detection limits than are possible with P&T. For example, several compounds present at the ng/L level could be determined with confidence by ATD, but not by P&T.

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AN OVERVIEW OF NAVY COMPOSITE developmentS FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 276-285页

作者： BERTRAM, A BEASLEY, K DELATORRE, W Albert Bertram:is a chemical engineer at the Naval Surface Warfare Center. In his present capacity he is involved in the development of metal matrix composite (MMC) materials for spacecraft and thermal management applications. Prior to this MMC work he was involved in the development of test methods and improvements for ordnance devices and materials. He is also involved with both the SDIO Materials and Structures Programs and with various Navy Manufacturing Technology Programs. He holds a bachelor of science in chemical engineering from the University of Maryland. Kevin Beasley:has been employed at the Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana since 1981 and assigned to the Packaging Design Branch since 1986. There he specializes in U.S. Navy electronic hardware development. He graduated from Purdue University in 1981 with a bachelor degree in aeronautics and astronautics engineering. Currently he is pursuing a master's of mechanical engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology William De La Torre:at Research Opportunities Inc. (November 1987 - Present) has coordinated all projects applying composite materials to electronic packaging. In this capacity he has been the project engineer on two SBIR contracts that optimized the composite architecture for thermal planes in Navy standard electronic modules which have undergone system qualification tests at Naval Weapons Support Center. He has guided the development of coating materials and processes for composite thermal planes. He has devised experiments to demonstrate the thermal transfer characteristics of composite materials through infrared thermography and test fixtures simulating the standard electronic module environment. He holds a bachelor of science in technical management from Southern Illinois University.

This paper reviews: (1) Navy sponsorship of pitch graphite fiber development, and (2) assesses the impact of the high thermal conductivity fibers on future Navy applications. Navy exploratory development programs (6.2) have revealed potential applications in advanced system for graphite fiber reinforced composites: (1) electronic packaging, (2) satellite radiators, and (3) elevated temperature applications such as missiles. Thermal management in these applications can be improved through the development and use of high thermal conductivity graphite fibers. In electronic packaging, the thermal planes that conductively cool the Standard Electronic Module, Format E (SEM-E) printed wiring board require both high thermal conductivity and thermal expansion matching. For satellite radiators, the graphite fiber reinforced metals offer a zero coefficient of thermal expansion, with maximum specific modulus. The joints between titanium missile structures and their ceramic nose cones require thermal expansion control, but high thermal conductivity is also a distinct advantage. Pitch graphite fibers are now available with a thermal conductivity of 1000-1100 W/mK and a modulus of 130-140 msi. Significant growth toward the theoretical thermal conductivity of graphite, at 2400 W/mK, is possible. The benefits of these fiber properties are shown for applications that are either thermal expansion or thermal conductivity dependent.

关键词： Shipbuilding Materials

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A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE design, OPERATION, AND MONITORING OF INSITU SOIL-VENTING SYSTEMS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1990年第2期10卷 159-178页

作者： JOHNSON, PC STANLEY, CC KEMBLOWSKI, MW BYERS, DL COLTHART, JD Paul C. Johnson Ph.D. joined Shell Development Co.'s (Westhollow Research Center Room EC-649 P.O. Bo 1380 Houston TX 77251–1380) Environmental Science Department in 1987 after earning his B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of California Davis and his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Princeton University. His current areas of research include the development and evaluation of soil treatment processes modeling and measuring transport phenomena in porous media and the development of transport models for predicting emissions and exposures used in envvironmental risk assessments. Curtis C Stanley received his degree in geology with an engineering minor from North Carolina State University in 1979. He is currently a senior hydrogeologist for Shell Oil Co. (Westhollow Research Center 2236 Two Shell Plaza Houston TX 77082) and is responsible for hydrogeologic response at Shell's retail facilities. Stanley is a Certified Professional Geological Scientist and also a Certified Ground Water Professional with the NWWA's Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers. He is also a member of API's Ground Water Technology Taskforce and is an EPA Peer Reviewer. Marian W. Kemblowski Ph.D. is a senior research engineer in the Environmental Science Department at Shell Development Co. (Westhollow Research Center Houston TX 77082) where he has worked since 1985. He obtained his M.S. degree in civil engineering from the Technical University of Warsaw Poland in 1973 and his Ph.D. in ground water hydrology from the Institute for Land Reclamation in Warsaw Poland in 1978. In 1980–1981 he was a visiting hydrologist in the New Mexico School of Mining and Technology. From 1981 to 1985 he worked as an assistant scientist at the University of Kansas. His principal research interests are in the areas of numerical analysis transport in porous media and ground water monitoring systems. Dallas L. Byers is a technical associate in the Environmental Science Department at Shell Development. After receivin

When operated properly, in situ soil venting or vapor extraction can be one of the most cost-effective remediation processes for soils contaminated with gasoline, solvents, or other relatively, volatile compounds. The components of soil-venting systems are typically off-the-shelf items, and the installation of wells and trenches can be done by reputable environmental firms. However, the design, operation, and monitoring of soil-venting systems are not trivial. In fact, choosing whether or not venting should be applied at a given site is a difficult decision in itself. If one decides to utilize venting, design criteria involving the number of wells, well spacing, well location, well construction, and vapor treatment systems must be addressed. A series of questions must be addressed to decide if venting is appropriate at a given site and to design cost-effective in situ soil-venting systems. This series of steps and questions forms a “decision tree” process. The development of this approach is an attempt to identify the limitations of in situ soil venting, and subjects or behavior that are currently difficult to quantify and for which future study is needed.

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A DISCRETE POINT SAMPLER FOR GROUND-WATER MONITORING WELLS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1988年第3期8卷 161-164页

作者： MACPHERSON, JR PANKOW, JF James R. MacPherson Jr. is a graduate research associate in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Center (19600 NW Von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006-1999). He received his B.S. in biology from the College of William and Mary in 1980 and continued there to receive his M.S. in environmental chemistry in 1982. He then worked for a consulting firm on TSCA FIFRA and RCRA projects until 1984. His research interests include vapor phase transport in the unsaturated zone sampling and analytical method development and the role of biodegradation in contaminant fate. James F. Pankow is professor and chairman of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Center (19600 NW Von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006-1999). He received his B.A. in chemistry in 1973 from the State University of New York at Binghamton and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California in 1979. His group is involved in the study of the physical and chemical processes affecting the behavior of organic compounds in the environment. This work includes the development and application of appropriate sampling and analysis techniques for the determination of trace organic compounds in ground water.

A discrete point sampler has been developed that overcomes disadvantages inherent in several current small-volume samplers. It is designed to obtain ground water samples after a well has been purged with a pump. It consists of a sample chamber, two ports, and a stopcock for withdrawing sample aliquots. After lowering the sampler into a well, sampling is initiated by pulling on a line that sequentially removes the plugs in the lower and the upper level ports. The sample chamber fills from the bottom port and vents air from the top port. The device is suitable for sampling for volatile organic compounds in ground waters that are not subject to spontaneous bubble degassing. The upper port is sufficiently far above the lower port that none of the water that is sampled is exposed to the vented air. The sample chamber fills in such a way that the water that is taken from the chamber for analysis is not exposed to the headspace in the chamber.

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MICROBIAL CATABOLITES AS chemical SYNTHESIS INTERMEDIATES - A COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS

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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS 1987年第3期3卷 127-130页

作者： JOHNSTON, JB WINICOV, H CUNNINGHAM, VL Chemical Engineering Department Smith Kline and French Laboratories Swedeland PA 19479 James B. Johnston is Senior Investigator in Chemical Engineering at Smith Kline and French Laboratories where he conducts research on biocatalytic transformations of organic compounds. Herbert Winicov recently retired from his position as Senior Investigator in Chemical Engineering at Smith Kline and French Laboratories. He specialized in cost estimation and costing of chemical processes under development. Virginia L. Cunningham is Assistant Director Chemical Engineering Smith Kline and French Laboratories. She heads a group responsible for process engineering and related environmental process analytical and costing issues. Dr. Cunningham is the author of ECAS—Environmental Cost Analysis System an expert system for estimating the costs of waste treatment in chemical processes.

Cost projections have been developed for a biologically mediated synthesis. Significant cost advantages can be realized using the biochemical approach.

关键词： BIOSYNTHESIS

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ALGINATE-POLYLYSINE MICROCAPSULES OF CONTROLLED MEMBRANE MOLECULAR-WEIGHT CUTOFF FOR MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURE engineering

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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS 1987年第4期3卷 231-240页

作者： KING, GA DAUGULIS, AJ FAULKNER, P GOOSEN, MFA Departments of Chemical Engineering and Microbiology and Immunology Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada K7L 3N6 Glenn A. King:earned his B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering at Queen's University at Kingston and is currently completing his M.Sc. in the same department. His areas of specialization are animal and insect cell culture engineering and microencapsulation technology Andrew J. Daugulis:is Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Queen's University. He received his M.Sc. from the University of Western Ontario and his doctorate from Queen's University. From 1984–86 he was the Coordinator of the Queen's Biotechnology Board. His research interests lie in extractive fermentation bioseparation the production of biochemicals and biologicals from immobilized microbial animal and insect cells and the design and scale-up of continuous packed-bed and batch stirred-tank bioreactors Peter Faulkner:is Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Queen's University. He obtained his Ph.D. from McGill University and is presently an MRC Career Investigator. Much of his research is in the field of molecular genetics where nucleic acid and monoclonal antibody probes are used to track products of gene expression. He also has experience in the production and characterization of sets of mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against viral antigens Mattheus F. A. Goosen:is Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Queen's University. After obtaining his doctorate in chemical-biomedical engineering from the University of Toronto he spent several years at the Connaught Research Institute in Toronto as an NSERC Industrial Research Fellow. His research interests are in the areas of animal and insect cell culture engineering microencapsulation technology bioseparation processes the development of polymeric vaccine and agrochemical delivery systems and biomaterials

The search for more productive mammalian cell culture techniques has been primarily driven by the need to increase both the cell density and product concentration. In the technique used in our laboratory, microencapsulation, hybridoma cells were grown and monoclonal antibody was entrapped within microcapsules, which had a controlled membrane molecular weight cutoff. In our studies it was shown that using the alginate-poly-l-lysine (PLL) microcapsule system and protein diffusion experiments, the capsule membrane molecular weight cutoff could be controlled from 20 .times. 103 to 300 .times. 103. This was achieved by increasing the viscosity average molecular weight (.***) of the PLL, used in the encapsulation procedure, from 14 .times. 103 to 525 .times. 103 and by decreasing the alginate -PLL reaction time from 40 minutes to 6 minutes. Cell culture studies with microencapsulated mouse hybridoma cells indicated that while the conventional (single-membrane) microcapsules produced a maximum intracapsular cell density of about 2 .times. 107 cells/mL and a monoclonal antibody concentration of 1250 .mu.g/mL, a modified (multiple-membrane) capsule resulted in intracapsular cell densities of about 6 .times. 107 cells/mL and monoclonal antibody concentration 5300 .mu.g/mL. These significant improvements in cell density and monoclonal antibody concentration were attributed to a lower (22%) intracapsular alginate content as well as better retention of the cell product by the modified capsule membrane.

关键词： BIOMEDICAL engineering

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INTERCOMPARTMENTAL FLUID SHIFTS IN HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS

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BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS 1987年第2期3卷 69-73页

作者： HEINEKEN, FG EVANS, MC KEEN, ML GOTCH, FA COBE Laboratories Inc. Lakewood Colorado Fred G. Heineken is currently Program Director for Biotechnology within the Emerging Engineering Technologies Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and his Ph.D. degree in the same discipline from the University of Minnesota. His work experience includes fermentation research at Monsanto teaching and research in respiration physiology at the University of Colorado and hemodialysis product design and evaluation at COBE Laboratories. Hemodialysis Treatment and Research Center Franklin Hospital Ralph K. Davis Medical Center San Francisco California Mary C. Evans has a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of Florida. She has held positions in the artificial kidney development group at Dow Chemical Company and the new product development group of Cordis-Dow Corporation. She is currently working in clinical research in the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. Marcia Keen is currently a doctoral student at the University of California San Francisco and serves as Clinical Research Supervisor at the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. She received her MS at the University of California San Francisco. Her thesis research developed a non-invasive Doppler technique to quantitate vascular access graft flow in hemodialysis patients. Her research interests include physiologic responses to dialysis therapy manipulations. Frank Gotch is an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco. He received his BA and MD from the University of California and is currently Medical Director of the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. His research has addressed such issues as adequacy of dialysis and mathematical modeling of hemodialysis and associated therapies. He is a past president of the American

Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead productive lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of side effects associated with this procedure (shock, muscle cramps, fatigue, etc.). In order to minimize these side effects, we have undertaken to model shifts of fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces in hemodialysis patients. Fluid shifts are primarily a function of osmolality differences between these fluid spaces. Changes in osmolality are caused mainly by changes in urea and salt concentrations. Least squares analysis of patient data has been used to estimate the appropriate ultrafiltration and urea mass transfer coefficients for each patient. The model has then been used to find a dialysate sodium concentration profile that will minimize fluid shifts into and out of the intracellular fluid space.

关键词： BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT

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