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Requirements engineering and technology transfer: Obstacles, incentives and improvement agenda

Requirements Engineering 2002年第3期7卷 113-123页

作者： Kaindl, Hermann Brinkkemper, Sjaak Bubenko Jr., Janis A. Farbey, Barbara Greenspan, Sol J. Heitmeyer, Constance L. Do Prado Leite, Julio Cesar Sampaio Mead, Nancy R. Mylopoulos, John Siddiqi, Jawed Siemens AG Österreich PSE Vienna Austria Baan R and D Barneveld Netherlands Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden University College London London United Kingdom Management Strategies Inc. Boston MA United States Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC United States Departamento de Informática PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro Brazil Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Ont. Canada School of Computing and Management Sciences Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield United Kingdom Siemens AG Österreich PSE A-1030 Vienna Geusaugasse 17 Austria

For many years, research results in requirements engineering (RE) have been developed without much interaction with, or impact on, industrial practice. Why is it so difficult to introduce RE research results into mainstream RE practice? This paper attempts to provide answers to this question by describing obstacles that researchers and practitioners have encountered when they attempted technology transfer. In addition, major incentives for using RE methods are discussed, along with ideas for improving current RE practice. The paper summarises, clarifies and extends the results of two panel discussions, one at the Twelfth Conference on Advanced information Systems Engineering (CAiSE'00) and the other at the Fourth IEEE Conference on Requirements Engineering (ICRE'00). © 2002 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

关键词： Requirements engineering technology transfer

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Findings from Phase 2 of the SPICE trials

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software Process: Improvement and Practice 2002年第4期6卷

作者： Ho-Won Jung Robin Hunter Dennis R. Goldenson Khaled El-Emam Department of Business Administration Korea University Anam-dong 5Ka Sungbuk-gu Seoul 136-701 Korea Department of Computer Science University of Strathclyde Richmond Street Glasgow G1 1XH UK Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 USA National Research Council Canada Institute for Information Technology Building M-50 Montreal Road Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A OR6

The international SPICE (software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination) project was set up to support the development of the ISO/IEC 15504 standard for software process assessment (SPA). The project mounted a set of trials to validate the emerging standard against the goals and requirements defined at the start of the SPICE project and to verify the consistency and usability of its component parts. A considerable number of empirical evaluation studies have been conducted during the Phase 2 SPICE Trials based on ISO/IEC PDTR 15504 (between September 1996 and June 1998). Such an exercise is unprecedented in the software engineering standards community and it provides a unique opportunity for empirical validation. The purpose of this paper is to present major parts of the findings of the empirical studies conducted as part of the SPICE Project during Phase 2 of the SPICE Trials. The topics covered in this paper include (i) investigation into reasons for performing SPAs, (ii) evaluation of the internal consistency of the capability dimension, (iii) use of interrater agreement as a measure of the reliability of assessments, (iv) evaluation of the predictive validity of process capability, (v) evaluation of an exemplar model (Part 5), (vi) identification of factors influencing assessor effort, and (vii) empirical comparison between ISO/IEC PDTR 15504 and ISO 9001. Major lessons learned as well as future research directions are summarized on the strengths and weaknesses of ISO/IEC 15505. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： ISO/IEC 15504 SPICE Trials SPA(software Process Assessment)

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Monitoring edge-to-edge traffic aggregates in differentiated services networks

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Journal of Network and Systems Management 2001年第3期9卷 267-291页

作者： Kim, Jae-Young Hong, James Won-Ki Choi, Tae-Sang Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Internet Architecture Team Internet Technology Department Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang South Korea IEEE KICS KNOM

Differentiated Services (DiffServ), which are currently being standardized in the IETF DiffServ working group, is a solution that can provide different qualities of service to different network users. DiffServ aggregates network packets at edge routers and forwards the aggregated packets to core routers with different priorities. In this paper, we propose methods using the SNMP framework for monitoring edge-to-edge traffic aggregates in a DiffServ domain, which consists of a set of DiffServ-enabled routers. In order to manage each DiffServ router, we have analyzed the DiffServ MIB and instrumented it in the router. Further, we propose monitoring behaviors of edge-to-edge traffic aggregates by combining topology and performance information from MIB II and DiffServ MIB. Construction procedures and graphical representation of the edge-to-edge traffic aggregates are explained in detail. We also extend our efforts to implement a DiffServ domain monitoring system that monitors a set of DiffServ-enabled routers and traffic aggregates between every edge router pair. We believe that the proposed monitoring methods can serve as useful building blocks for managing DiffServ networks. © 2001 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

关键词： End-to-End Qos Monitoring Internet QoS Management Network Management SNMP Manager and Agent

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An on-line method for segmentation and identification of non-stationary time series

An on-line method for segmentation and identification of non...

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IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing

作者： J. Kohlmorgen S. Lemm German National Research Center for Information Technology Institute for Computer Architecture and Software Technology GMD FIRSaint IDA Berlin Germany

We present a method for the analysis of non-stationary time series from dynamical systems that switch between multiple operating modes. In contrast to other approaches, our method processes the data incrementally and without any training of internal parameters. It straightaway performs an unsupervised segmentation and classification of the data on-the-fly. In many cases it even allows to process incoming data in real-time. The main idea of the approach is to track and segment changes of the probability density of the data in a sliding window on the incoming data stream. An application to a switching dynamical system demonstrates the potential usefulness of the algorithm in a broad range of applications.

关键词： Switches Time series analysis

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Algorithms for energy optimization using processor instructions 2

Algorithms for energy optimization using processor instructi...

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2nd International Conference on Compilers, architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems, CASES 2001

作者： Seth, Anil Keskar, Ravindra B. Venugopal, R. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India Computer Science Research and Development Group Sasken Communication Technologies Limited Bangalore India Hewlett Packard India Software Operations Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)1581133995

In this paper, we consider processors which provide an idle instruction to the user for powering down processor units which are not required during portions of program execution. We describe algorithms which can be implemented in an energy-aware compiler to make efficient use of such an instruction. These algorithms are based on program static analysis and a combinatorial optimization formulation of the problem. We assume as input an assembly language program of the processor in question. The problem is to insert the idle instruction at different places in the assembly language program such that energy saving is maximized and the execution time of the resulting program is not increased beyond a user-specified value. Copyright 2001 ACM.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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OASIS - An ASIS secondary library for analyzing object-oriented Ada code 6th

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6th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable software Technologies, Ada-Europe 2001

作者： Kuchumov, Alexei Rybin, Sergey Strohmeier, Alfred Scientific Research Computer Center Moscow State University Vorob'evi Gori Moscow119899 Russia Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne Software Engineering Lab Department of Computer Science EPFL Lausanne1015 Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)3540421238

ASIS has proven to be an effective platform for developing various program analysis tools. However, in many cases ASIS, as defined in the ASIS ISO standard, appears to be at a very low-level of abstraction compared to the needs of the tool developer. Higher-level interfaces and common libraries for specific needs should therefore be developed. The paper describes a ASIS secondary library providing abstractions and queries for analyzing object-oriented Ada code. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001.

关键词： Abstracting

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A dead reckoning algorithm with variable threshold scheme in networked virtual environment

A dead reckoning algorithm with variable threshold scheme in...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Kwang-Hyun Shim Jong-Sung Kim VR Center Computer and Software Technology Laboratory Electronics and Telecommnications Research Institute Taejon South Korea

This paper proposes a dead reckoning algorithm with variable threshold scheme and a variable transmission rate scheme to reduce the number of state update packets while maintaining user's performance requirements in client-server-based Net-VE (Networked Virtual Environment). The main idea of this paper is to send more update information of a shared-object to a close participant from it than a far one. By using Markov chain, we model dynamic behavior of a participant in Net-VE system with dead-reckoning algorithm and derive formulas to evaluate performance of the proposed schemes. We provide computer simulation results in order to investigate effect of the proposed schemes.

关键词： Dead reckoning Intelligent networks Virtual environment Network servers Telecommunication traffic computer networks computer simulation Military computing Performance analysis Virtual reality

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An enhanced concurrency control scheme for multi-dimensional index structures 7

An enhanced concurrency control scheme for multi-dimensional...

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7th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, DASFAA 2001

作者： Song, Seok Il Kim, Young Ho Yoo, Jae Soo Dept. of Comput. and Commun. Eng. Chung-Buk Nat. Univ. Cheongju Korea Republic of Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Computer and Software Technology Labs. Internet Service Department Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)0769509967

Propose an enhanced concurrency control algorithm that minimizes the query delay efficiently. The factors that delay search operations and deteriorate the concurrency of index structures are node splits and minimum bounding region (MBR) updates in multi-dimensional index structures. In our algorithm, in order to reduce the query delay by splitting operations, we optimize the exclusive latching time on a split node. It does not hold exclusive latches throughout the whole split time but only during the physical node split time, which occupies only a small part of the whole split time. Also, to avoid the query delay caused by MBR updates, we introduce the partial lock coupling (PLC) technique. PLC increases concurrency by using lock coupling only in the case of MBR shrinking operations that are less frequent than MBR expansion operations. For performance evaluation, we implement the proposed algorithm and one of the existing link technique-based algorithms on MIDAS-III, which is the storage system of the BADA-III DBMS. We show, through various experiments, that our proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithm in terms of throughput and response time. © 2001 IEEE.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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Adaptive hierarchical stereo matching using object segmentation and window warping

Adaptive hierarchical stereo matching using object segmentat...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Jae-Chul Kim Byoung-Ho Kang Maeng-Sub Cho Color Imaging Research Team Image Processing Department Computer and Software Technology Laboratory Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Taejon South Korea

In this paper, we propose an adaptive stereo matching algorithm to encompass stereo matching problems in projective distortion region. Since the projective distortion region can not be estimated in terms of fixed-size block matching algorithm, we tried to use adaptive window warping method in hierarchical matching process to compensate the perspective distortions. In addition, probability theory was adopted to encompass uncertainty of disparity of points over the window in this study. The proposed stereo matching algorithm has been tested on both disparity map and 3D model view. The experimental results show that remarkable improvement is obtained in the projective distortion region.

关键词： Object segmentation Optical distortion Uncertainty Cameras Solid modeling Color Image processing Laboratories software algorithms Testing

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Component adaptation using adaptation pattern components

Component adaptation using adaptation pattern components

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Jeong Ah Kim Oh-Cheon Kwon Jihyun Lee Gyu-Sang Shin Computer Education Department Kwandong University KangNung Kangwon South Korea Computer & Software Technology Laboratory Electronics and Telecommnications Research Institute Taejon South Korea

CBD (component-based development) or COP (component-oriented programming) has recently been adopted as a better method for software development. However, in order for CBD technology to be more successful, binary components developed and deployed by a third party or a vendor should be adaptable if the components do not meet a component user's requirements. A component user usually requires component adaptation if the provided interface and the required interface of a component are mismatched, or if a component attribute and method need to be modified. In this paper, an adaptation method for binary components using adaptation pattern components is proposed. The proposed method solves the problem of a component becoming ever larger as it is continuously adapted. The conventional method of component adaptation - by a wrapping technique - repeatedly performs the wrapping of an existing component whenever component adaptation is required, even if it is for the same reason each time. However, the adaptation technique proposed in this paper provides a new mechanism for supporting component adaptation by using reusable adaptation pattern components.

关键词： Wrapping Telecommunication computing Programming profession Application software computer science education Educational programs Electronic mail Educational technology Assembly Joining processes

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