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arXiv 2022年

作者： Sadhukhan, Payel Palit, Sarbani Sengupta, Kausik Institute for Advancing Intelligence Tcg Crest West Bengal Kolkata700091 India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute West Bengal Kolkata700108 India

The relevance of machine learning (ML) in our daily lives is closely intertwined with its explainability. Explainability can allow end-users to have a transparent and humane reckoning of a ML scheme's capability and utility. It will also foster the user's confidence in the automated decisions of a system. Explaining the variables or features to explain a model's decision is a need of the present times. We could not really find any work, which explains the features on the basis of their class-distinguishing abilities (specially when the real world data are mostly of multi-class nature). In any given dataset, a feature is not equally good at making distinctions between the different possible categorizations (or classes) of the data points. In this work, we explain the features on the basis of their class or category-distinguishing capabilities. We particularly estimate the class-distinguishing capabilities (scores) of the variables for pair-wise class combinations. We validate the explainability given by our scheme empirically on several realworld, multi-class datasets. We further utilize the class-distinguishing scores in a latent feature context and propose a novel decision making protocol. Another novelty of this work lies with a refuse to render decision option when the latent variable (of the test point) has a high class-distinguishing potential for the likely classes. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Decision making

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Antigen-specific antibody design via direct energy-based preference optimization 24

Antigen-specific antibody design via direct energy-based pre...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Xiangxin Zhou Dongyu Xue Ruizhe Chen Zaixiang Zheng Liang Wang Quanquan Gu School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and New Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS) Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) and ByteDance Research ByteDance Research College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University and ByteDance Research School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and New Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS) Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA)

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Antibody design, a crucial task with significant implications across various disciplines such as therapeutics and biology, presents considerable challenges due to its intricate nature. In this paper, we tackle antigen-specific antibody sequence-structure co-design as an optimization problem towards specific preferences, considering both rationality and functionality. Leveraging a pre-trained conditional diffusion model that jointly models sequences and structures of antibodies with equivariant neural networks, we propose direct energy-based preference optimization to guide the generation of antibodies with both rational structures and considerable binding affinities to given antigens. Our method involves fine-tuning the pre-trained diffusion model using a residue-level decomposed energy preference. Additionally, we employ gradient surgery to address conflicts between various types of energy, such as attraction and repulsion. Experiments on RAbD benchmark show that our approach effectively optimizes the energy of generated antibodies and achieves state-of-the-art performance in designing high-quality antibodies with low total energy and high binding affinity simultaneously, demonstrating the superiority of our approach.

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Activating More Pixels in Image Super-Resolution Transformer

Activating More Pixels in Image Super-Resolution Transformer

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Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xiangyu Chen Xintao Wang Jiantao Zhou Yu Qiao Chao Dong State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Shenzhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory ARC Lab Tencent PCG

Transformer-based methods have shown impressive performance in low-level vision tasks, such as image super-resolution. However, we find that these networks can only utilize a limited spatial range of input information through attribution analysis. This implies that the potential of Transformer is still not fully exploited in existing networks. In order to activate more input pixels for better reconstruction, we propose a novel Hybrid Attention Transformer (HAT). It combines both channel attention and window-based self-attention schemes, thus making use of their complementary advantages of being able to utilize global statistics and strong local fitting capability. Moreover, to better aggregate the cross-window information, we introduce an overlapping cross-attention module to enhance the interaction between neighboring window features. In the training stage, we additionally adopt a same-task pre-training strategy to exploit the potential of the model for further improvement. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed modules, and we further scale up the model to demonstrate that the performance of this task can be greatly improved. Our overall method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by more than 1dB.

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TREC 2020 NEWS Track Background Linking Task 29

TREC 2020 NEWS Track Background Linking Task

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29th Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2020

作者： Gautam, Rahul Mitra, Mandar Roy, Dwaipayan Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute 203 B.T.Road Kolkata700108 India

The Background Linking task is a problem that focuses on providing users with suggestions for articles to read next, when the user is reading a news article. The suggested articles should provide adequate context and background information for the article that the user is currently reading. In this paper, we describe several methods that we explored for this task, and report their results. © 2020 29th Text REtrieval Conference, TREC 2020 - Proceedings. All Rights Reserved.

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Special Issue on Face Presentation Attack Detection

IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Scie...

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IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science 2021年第3期3卷 282-284页

作者： Wan, Jun Escalera, Sergio Escalante, Hugo Jair Guo, Guodong Li, Stan Z. National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Computer Vision Center Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona08007 Spain Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica Puebla72840 Mexico Institute of Deep Learning Baidu Research Beijing100193 China Center for Ai Research and Innovation Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China

Face presentation attack detection, also termed Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) [item 1), 2) in the Appendix), is a hot and challenging research topic that has received much attention from the computer vision and pattern recognition communities in the past. Owing to the development of deep learning and big data, recent advances in this and related fields has increased considerably. However, there are still several challenging tasks that deserve attention from the community, for instance robust techniques to unknown spoofing attacks, cross-domain generalization, and multi-modal fusion in images and video sequences. We edited this special issue with the goal of compiling the latest progress in the field and identifying promising research opportunities on FAS. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Special issues and sections Forgery Information integrity Face recognition Streaming media Feature extraction

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Anomaly Handwritten Text Detection for Automatic Descriptive Answer Evaluation 22

Anomaly Handwritten Text Detection for Automatic Descriptive...

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Proceedings of the 2022 11th International Conference on Computing and pattern recognition

作者： Nilanjana Chatterjee Palaiahnaakote Shivakumara Umapada Pal Tong Lu Yue Lu Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute India Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Malaysia National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450397056

Although there are advanced technologies for character recognition, automatic descriptive answer evaluation is an open challenge for the document image analysis community due to large diversified handwritten text and answers to the question. This paper presents a novel method for detecting anomaly handwritten text in the responses written by the students to the questions. The method is proposed based on the fact that when the students are confident in answering questions, the students usually write answers legibly and neatly while they are not confident, they write sloppy writing which may not be easy for the reader to understand. To detect such anomaly handwritten text, we explore a new combination of Fourier transform and deep learning model for detecting edges. This result preserves the structure of handwritten text. For extracting features for classification of anomaly text and normal text, the proposed method studies the behavior of writing style, especially the variation at ascenders and descenders. Therefore, the proposed work draws principal axis which is invariant to rotation, scaling and some extent to distortion for the edge images. With respect to principal axis, the proposed method draws medial axis using uppermost and lowermost points. The distance between the medial axis and principal axis points are considered as feature vector. Further, the feature vector is passed to Artificial Neural Network for classification of anomaly text. The proposed method is evaluated by testing on our own dataset, standard dataset of gender identification (IAM) and handwritten forgery detection dataset (ACPR 2019). The results on different datasets show that the proposed work outperforms the existing methods.

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IFAST: Weakly Supervised Interpretable Face Anti-spoofing from Single-shot Binocular NIR Images

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Jiancheng Zhou, Donghao Chen, Shifeng ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Virtual Reality Technology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Single-shot face anti-spoofing (FAS) is a key technique for securing face recognition systems, and it requires only static images as input. However, single-shot FAS remains a challenging and under-explored problem due to two main reasons: 1) on the data side, learning FAS from RGB images is largely context-dependent, and single-shot images without additional annotations contain limited semantic information. 2) on the model side, existing single-shot FAS models are infeasible to provide proper evidence for their decisions, and FAS methods based on depth estimation require expensive per-pixel annotations. To address these issues, a large binocular NIR image dataset (BNI-FAS) is constructed and published, which contains more than 300,000 real face and plane attack images, and an Interpretable FAS Transformer (IFAST) is proposed that requires only weak supervision to produce interpretable predictions. Our IFAST can produce pixel-wise disparity maps by the proposed disparity estimation Transformer with Dynamic Matching Attention (DMA) block. Besides, a well-designed confidence map generator is adopted to cooperate with the proposed dual-teacher distillation module to obtain the final discriminant results. The comprehensive experiments show that our IFAST can achieve state-of-the-art results on BNI-FAS, proving the effectiveness of the single-shot FAS based on binocular NIR images. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Continuous Motion Numeral recognition Using RNN Architecture in Air-Writing Environment 5th

Continuous Motion Numeral Recognition Using RNN Architecture...

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5th Asian Conference on pattern recognition, ACPR 2019

作者： Rahman, Adil Roy, Prasun Pal, Umapada Department of Information Technology Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9783030414030

Air-writing, defined as character tracing in a three dimensional free space through hand gestures, is the way forward for peripheral-independent, virtual interaction with devices. While single unistroke character recognition is fairly simple, continuous writing recognition becomes challenging owing to absence of delimiters between characters. Moreover, stray hand motion while writing adds noise to the input, making accurate recognition difficult. The key to accurate recognition of air-written characters lies in noise elimination and character segmentation from continuous writing. We propose a robust and hardware-independent framework for multi-digit unistroke numeral recognition in air-writing environment. We present a sliding window based method which isolates a small segment of the spatio-temporal input from the air-writing activity for noise removal and digit segmentation. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) show great promise in dealing with temporal data and is the basis of our architecture. recognition of digits which have other digits as their sub-shapes is challenging. Capitalizing on how digits are commonly written, we propose a novel priority scheme to determine digit precedence. We only use sequential coordinates as input, which can be obtained from any generic camera, making our system widely accessible. Our experiments were conducted on English numerals using a combination of MNIST and Pendigits datasets along with our own air-written English numerals dataset (ISI-Air Dataset). Additionally, we have created a noise dataset to classify noise. We observe a drop in accuracy with increase in the number of digits written in a single continuous motion because of noise generated between digit transitions. However, under standard conditions, our system produced an accuracy of 98.45% and 82.89% for single and multiple digit English numerals, respectively. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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PLSM: A Parallelized Liquid State Machine for Unintentional Action Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Das, Dipayan Bhattacharya, Saumik Pal, Umapada Chanda, Sukalpa Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Dept. of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engg IIT Kharagpur India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India Østfold University College Norway

—Reservoir Computing (RC) offers a viable option to deploy AI algorithms on low-end embedded system platforms. Liquid State Machine (LSM) is a bio-inspired RC model that mimics the cortical microcircuits and uses spiking neural networks (SNN) that can be directly realized on neuromorphic hardware. In this paper, we present a novel Parallelized LSM (PLSM) architecture that incorporates spatio-temporal read-out layer and semantic constraints on model output. To the best of our knowledge, such a formulation has been done for the first time in literature, and it offers a computationally lighter alternative to traditional deep-learning models. Additionally, we also present a comprehensive algorithm for the implementation of parallelizable SNNs and LSMs that are GPU-compatible. We implement the PLSM model to classify unintentional/accidental video clips, using the Oops dataset. From the experimental results on detecting unintentional action in video, it can be observed that our proposed model outperforms a self-supervised model and a fully supervised traditional deep learning model. All the implemented codes can be found at our repository https://***/anonymoussentience2020/Parallelized_LSM_for_Unintentional_Action_recognition. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Biomimetics

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CodRED: A Cross-Document Relation Extraction Dataset for Acquiring Knowledge in the Wild

CodRED: A Cross-Document Relation Extraction Dataset for Acq...

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2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2021

作者： Yao, Yuan Du, Jiaju Lin, Yankai Li, Peng Liu, Zhiyuan Zhou, Jie Sun, Maosong Department of Computer Science and Technology Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology China Pattern Recognition Center WeChat AI Tencent Inc

ISBN: (纸本)9781955917094

Existing relation extraction (RE) methods typically focus on extracting relational facts between entity pairs within single sentences or documents. However, a large quantity of relational facts in knowledge bases can only be inferred across documents in practice. In this work, we present the problem of cross-document RE, making an initial step towards knowledge acquisition in the wild. To facilitate the research, we construct the first human-annotated cross-document RE dataset CodRED. Compared to existing RE datasets, CodRED presents two key challenges: Given two entities, (1) it requires finding the relevant documents that can provide clues for identifying their relations;(2) it requires reasoning over multiple documents to extract the relational facts. We conduct comprehensive experiments to show that CodRED is challenging to existing RE methods including strong BERT-based models. We make CodRED and the code for our baselines publicly available at https://***/thunlp/CodRED. © 2021 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Extraction

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