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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yoon, Seung Su Preuhs, Elisabeth Schmidt, Michaela Forman, Christoph Chitiboi, Teodora Sharma, Puneet Fernandes, Juliano L. Tillmanns, Christoph Wetzl, Jens Maier, Andreas Pattern Recognition Lab Department of Computer Science Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen91058 Germany Magnetic Resonance Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen91052 Germany Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc. PrincetonNJ United States Jose Michel Kalaf Research Institute Sao Paulo Brazil Diagnostikum Berlin Berlin Germany

Static cardiac imaging such as late gadolinium enhancement, mapping, or 3-D coronary angiography require prior information, e.g., the phase during a cardiac cycle with least motion, called resting phase (RP). The purpose of this work is to propose a fully automated framework that allows the detection of the right coronary artery (RCA) RP within CINE series. The proposed prototype system consists of three main steps. First, the localization of the regions of interest (ROI) is performed. Second, the cropped ROI series are taken for tracking motions over all time points. Third, the output motion values are used to classify RPs. In this work, we focused on the detection of the area with the outer edge of the cross-section of the RCA as our target. The proposed framework was evaluated on 102 clinically acquired dataset at 1.5T and 3T. The automatically classified RPs were compared with the reference RPs annotated manually by a expert for testing the robustness and feasibility of the framework. The predicted RCA RPs showed high agreement with the experts annotated RPs with 92.7% accuracy, 90.5% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity for the unseen study dataset. The mean absolute difference of the start and end RP was 13.6 ± 18.6 ms for the validation study dataset (n=102). In this work, automated RP detection has been introduced by the proposed framework and demonstrated feasibility, robustness, and applicability for static imaging acquisitions. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Automation

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Fine-Grained Topography and Modularity of the Macaque Frontal Pole Cortex Revealed by Anatomical Connectivity Profiles

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第12期36卷 1454-1473页

作者： Bin He Long Cao Xiaoluan Xia Baogui Zhang Dan Zhang Bo You Lingzhong Fan Tianzi Jiang School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China Brainnetome Center Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationCASBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China The Queensland Brain Institute University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia University of CAS Beijing 100049China College of Information and Computer Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030600China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China Core Facility Center of Biomedical AnalysisTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The frontal pole cortex(FPC)plays key roles in various higher-order functions and is highly developed in non-human *** essential missing piece of information is the detailed anatomical connections for finer parcellation of the macaque FPC than provided by the previous tracer *** is important for understanding the functional architecture of the cerebral ***,combining cross-validation and principal component analysis,we formed a tractography-based parcellation scheme that applied a machine learning algorithm to divide the macaque FPC(2 males and 6 females)into eight subareas using high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with the 9.4 T Bruker system,and then revealed their subregional ***,we applied improved hierarchical clustering to the obtained parcels to probe the modular structure of the subregions,and found that the dorsolateral FPC,which contains an extension to the medial FPC,was mainly connected to regions of the default-mode *** ventral FPC was mainly involved in the social-interaction network and the dorsal FPC in the metacognitive *** results enhance our understanding of the anatomy and circuitry of the macaque brain,and contribute to FPC-related clinical research.

关键词： Macaque Frontal pole cortex Anatomical connectivity profile Parcellation Neuroimaging Principal component analysis

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TR-BERT: Dynamic token reduction for accelerating BERT inference

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ye, Deming Lin, Yankai Huang, Yufei Sun, Maosong Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology China State Key Lab on Intelligent Technology and Systems Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence China Pattern Recognition Center WeChat AI Tencent Inc

Existing pre-trained language models (PLMs) are often computationally expensive in inference, making them impractical in various resource-limited real-world applications. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic token reduction approach to accelerate PLMs' inference, named TR-BERT, which could flexibly adapt the layer number of each token in inference to avoid redundant calculation. Specially, TR-BERT formulates the token reduction process as a multi-step token selection problem and automatically learns the selection strategy via reinforcement learning. The experimental results on several downstream NLP tasks show that TR-BERT is able to speed up BERT by 2-5 times to satisfy various performance demands. Moreover, TR-BERT can also achieve better performance with less computation in a suite of long-text tasks since its token-level layer number adaption greatly accelerates the self-attention operation in PLMs. The source code and experiment details of this paper can be obtained from https://***/thunlp/TR-BERT. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Context-transformer: Tackling object confusion for few-shot detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Yang, Ze Wang, Yali Chen, Xianyu Liu, Jianzhuang Qiao, Yu ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab. Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab. SIAT Branch Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society

Few-shot object detection is a challenging but realistic scenario, where only a few annotated training images are available for training detectors. A popular approach to handle this problem is transfer learning, i.e., fine-tuning a detector pretrained on a source-domain benchmark. However, such transferred detector often fails to recognize new objects in the target domain, due to low data diversity of training samples. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel Context-Transformer within a concise deep transfer framework. Specifically, Context-Transformer can effectively leverage source-domain object knowledge as guidance, and automatically exploit contexts from only a few training images in the target domain. Subsequently, it can adaptively integrate these relational clues to enhance the discriminative power of detector, in order to reduce object confusion in few-shot scenarios. Moreover, Context-Transformer is flexibly embedded in the popular SSD-style detectors, which makes it a plug-and-play module for end-to-end few-shot learning. Finally, we evaluate Context-Transformer on the challenging settings of few-shot detection and incremental few-shot detection. The experimental results show that, our framework outperforms the recent state-of-the-art approaches. The codes are available at https://***/Ze-Yang/ContextTransformer. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

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TSNet: Deep Network for Human Action recognition in Hazy Videos

TSNet: Deep Network for Human Action Recognition in Hazy Vid...

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2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018

作者： Chaudhary, Sachin Murala, Subrahmanyam Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Lab Depatment of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538666500

The all-weather intelligent surveillance system is the prime challenge for computer vision researchers. The surveillance is mostly done to analyze the human activity in a particular region. Several extreme weather conditions like rain, snow, haze, fog etc. halts the surveillance process and thus decreases the reliability of the surveillance system. Here, an attempt is made to tackle one of these weather situation i.e. haze in case of surveillance. Haze distorts the quality of images and videos captured by camera. Due to poor quality, it is difficult to analyze the haze degraded video for the human activities using the existing state-of-the-art methods for human action recognition (HAR). Therefore, in this paper, a new two level saliency based end-to-end network (TSNet) for HAR in hazy videos is proposed. De-hazing approaches given in [1]-[9] have certain limitations and therefore we fine-tuned the de-hazing network given in [10] for HAR. The concept of rank pooling given in [11] is further utilized to efficiently represent the temporal saliency of the video. The transmission map information is utilized here to fix the spatial saliency in each frame. As currently, there is no dataset available for HAR in hazy video, here a new dataset of hazy video is generated from two benchmark datasets namely HMDB51 [12] and UCF101 [13] by adding synthetic haze. The existing methods for HAR proposed in [11], [14], [15] are applied and compared with the proposed method on proposed hazy-HMDB51 and hazy-UCF101. The proposed method clearly outperforms the above mentioned methods in terms of average recognition rate (ARR). © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Monitoring

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PIPAL: a Large-Scale Image Quality Assessment Dataset for Perceptual Image Restoration

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Gu, Jinjin Cai, Haoming Chen, Haoyu Ye, Xiaoxing Ren, Jimmy S. Dong, Chao School of Data Science Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China SenseTime Research SIAT Branch Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society China

Image quality assessment (IQA) is the key factor for the fast development of image restoration (IR) algorithms. The most recent IR methods based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have achieved significant improvement in visual performance, but also presented great challenges for quantitative evaluation. Notably, we observe an increasing inconsistency between perceptual quality and the evaluation results. Then we raise two questions: (1) Can existing IQA methods objectively evaluate recent IR algorithms? (2) When focus on beating current benchmarks, are we getting better IR algorithms? To answer these questions and promote the development of IQA methods, we contribute a large-scale IQA dataset, called Perceptual Image Processing Algorithms (PIPAL) dataset. Especially, this dataset includes the results of GAN-based methods, which are missing in previous datasets. We collect more than 1.13 million human judgments to assign subjective scores for PIPAL images using the more reliable "Elo system". Based on PIPAL, we present new benchmarks for both IQA and super-resolution methods. Our results indicate that existing IQA methods cannot fairly evaluate GAN-based IR algorithms. While using appropriate evaluation methods is important, IQA methods should also be updated along with the development of IR algorithms. At last, we improve the performance of IQA networks on GAN-based distortions by introducing anti-aliasing pooling. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Pan-tumor T-lymphocyte detection using deep neural networks: Recommendations for transfer learning in immunohistochemistry

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Journal of Pathology Informatics 2023年 14卷 100301-100301页

作者： Wilm, Frauke Ihling, Christian Méhes, Gábor Terracciano, Luigi Puget, Chloé Klopfleisch, Robert Schüffler, Peter Aubreville, Marc Maier, Andreas Mrowiec, Thomas Breininger, Katharina Pattern Recognition Lab Department of Computer Science Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Merck Healthcare KGaA Darmstadt Germany Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Germany Department of Pathology University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary Research Department Pathology Universitätsspital Basel Basel Switzerland Institute of Veterinary Pathology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Institute of General and Surgical Pathology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Ingolstadt Germany

The success of immuno-oncology treatments promises long-term cancer remission for an increasing number of patients. The response to checkpoint inhibitor drugs has shown a correlation with the presence of immune cells in the tumor and tumor microenvironment. An in-depth understanding of the spatial localization of immune cells is therefore critical for understanding the tumor's immune landscape and predicting drug response. computer-aided systems are well suited for efficiently quantifying immune cells in their spatial context. Conventional image analysis approaches are often based on color features and therefore require a high level of manual interaction. More robust image analysis methods based on deep learning are expected to decrease this reliance on human interaction and improve the reproducibility of immune cell scoring. However, these methods require sufficient training data and previous work has reported low robustness of these algorithms when they are tested on out-of-distribution data from different pathology labs or samples from different organs. In this work, we used a new image analysis pipeline to explicitly evaluate the robustness of marker-labeled lymphocyte quantification algorithms depending on the number of training samples before and after being transferred to a new tumor indication. For these experiments, we adapted the RetinaNet architecture for the task of T-lymphocyte detection and employed transfer learning to bridge the domain gap between tumor indications and reduce the annotation costs for unseen domains. On our test set, we achieved human-level performance for almost all tumor indications with an average precision of 0.74 in-domain and 0.72–0.74 cross-domain. From our results, we derive recommendations for model development regarding annotation extent, training sample selection, and label extraction for the development of robust algorithms for immune cell scoring. By extending the task of marker-labeled lymphocyte quantification to a mult

关键词： Deep learning Domain adaptation Immuno-oncology Immunohistochemistry Transfer learning Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

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Knowledge Inheritance for Pre-trained Language Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Qin, Yujia Lin, Yankai Yi, Jing Zhang, Jiajie Han, Xu Zhang, Zhengyan Su, Yusheng Liu, Zhiyuan Li, Peng Sun, Maosong Zhou, Jie Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China Pattern Recognition Center WeChat AI Tencent Inc Shanghai China International Innovation Center of Tsinghua University Shanghai China Quan Cheng Laboratory China Tsinghua University China

Recent explorations of large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs) have revealed the power of PLMs with huge amounts of parameters, setting off a wave of training ever-larger PLMs. However, it requires tremendous computational resources to train a large-scale PLM, which may be practically unaffordable. In addition, existing large-scale PLMs are mainly trained from scratch individually, ignoring that many well-trained PLMs are available. To this end, we explore the question how could existing PLMs benefit training large-scale PLMs in future. Specifically, we introduce a pre-training framework named "knowledge inheritance" (KI) and explore how could knowledge distillation serve as auxiliary supervision during pre-training to efficiently learn larger PLMs. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of KI in training efficiency. We also conduct empirical analyses to explore the effects of teacher PLMs' pre-training settings, including model architecture, pre-training data, etc. Finally, we show that KI could be applied to domain adaptation and knowledge transfer. The implementation is publicly available at https://***/thunlp/Knowledge-Inheritance. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Personnel training

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Age estimation using disconnectedness features in handwriting 15

Age estimation using disconnectedness features in handwritin...

引用

15th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and recognition, ICDAR 2019

作者： Basavaraja, V. Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Guru, D.S. Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Blumenstein, Michael Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Mysore Karnataka India Faculty of Computer System and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China University of Technology Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728128610

Real-time applications of handwriting analysis have increased drastically in the fields of forensic and information security because of accurate cues. One of such applications is human age estimation based on handwriting for the purpose of immigrant checking. In this paper, we have proposed a new method for age estimation using handwriting analysis using Hu invariant moments and disconnectedness features. To make the proposed method robust to both ruled and un-ruled documents, we propose to explore intersection point detection in Canny edge images of each input document, which results in text components. For each text component pair, we propose Hu invariant moments for extracting disconnectedness features, which in fact measure multi-shape components based on distance, shape and mutual position analysis of components. Furthermore, iterative k-means clustering is proposed for the classification of different age groups. Experimental results on our dataset and some standard datasets, namely, IAM and KHATT, show that the proposed method is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Security of data

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A new unified method for detecting text from marathon runners and sports players in video

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Nag, Sauradip Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Blumenstein, Michael Kalyani Government Engineering College Kalyani Kolkata India Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Sydney Australia

Detecting text located on the torsos of marathon runners and sports players in video is a challenging issue due to poor quality and adverse effects caused by flexible/colorful clothing, and different structures of human bodies or actions. This paper presents a new unified method for tackling the above challenges. The proposed method fuses gradient magnitude and direction coherence of text pixels in a new way for detecting candidate regions. Candidate regions are used for determining the number of temporal frame clusters obtained by K-means clustering on frame differences. This process in turn detects key frames. The proposed method explores Bayesian probability for skin portions using color values at both pixel and component levels of temporal frames, which provides fused images with skin components. Based on skin information, the proposed method then detects faces and torsos by finding structural and spatial coherences between them. We further propose adaptive pixels linking a deep learning model for text detection from torso regions. The proposed method is tested on our own dataset collected from marathon/sports video and three standard datasets, namely, RBNR, MMM and R-ID of marathon images, to evaluate the performance. In addition, the proposed method is also tested on the standard natural scene datasets, namely, CTW1500 and MS-COCO text datasets, to show the objectiveness of the proposed method. A comparative study with the state-of-the-art methods on bib number/text detection of different datasets shows that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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