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arXiv 2021年

作者： Qin, Yujia Lin, Yankai Yi, Jing Zhang, Jiajie Han, Xu Zhang, Zhengyan Su, Yusheng Liu, Zhiyuan Li, Peng Sun, Maosong Zhou, Jie Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China Pattern Recognition Center WeChat AI Tencent Inc Shanghai China International Innovation Center of Tsinghua University Shanghai China Quan Cheng Laboratory China Tsinghua University China

Recent explorations of large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs) have revealed the power of PLMs with huge amounts of parameters, setting off a wave of training ever-larger PLMs. However, it requires tremendous computational resources to train a large-scale PLM, which may be practically unaffordable. In addition, existing large-scale PLMs are mainly trained from scratch individually, ignoring that many well-trained PLMs are available. To this end, we explore the question how could existing PLMs benefit training large-scale PLMs in future. Specifically, we introduce a pre-training framework named "knowledge inheritance" (KI) and explore how could knowledge distillation serve as auxiliary supervision during pre-training to efficiently learn larger PLMs. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of KI in training efficiency. We also conduct empirical analyses to explore the effects of teacher PLMs' pre-training settings, including model architecture, pre-training data, etc. Finally, we show that KI could be applied to domain adaptation and knowledge transfer. The implementation is publicly available at https://***/thunlp/Knowledge-Inheritance. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Personnel training

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Age estimation using disconnectedness features in handwriting 15

Age estimation using disconnectedness features in handwritin...

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15th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and recognition, ICDAR 2019

作者： Basavaraja, V. Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Guru, D.S. Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Blumenstein, Michael Department of Studies in Computer Science University of Mysore Mysore Karnataka India Faculty of Computer System and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China University of Technology Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728128610

Real-time applications of handwriting analysis have increased drastically in the fields of forensic and information security because of accurate cues. One of such applications is human age estimation based on handwriting for the purpose of immigrant checking. In this paper, we have proposed a new method for age estimation using handwriting analysis using Hu invariant moments and disconnectedness features. To make the proposed method robust to both ruled and un-ruled documents, we propose to explore intersection point detection in Canny edge images of each input document, which results in text components. For each text component pair, we propose Hu invariant moments for extracting disconnectedness features, which in fact measure multi-shape components based on distance, shape and mutual position analysis of components. Furthermore, iterative k-means clustering is proposed for the classification of different age groups. Experimental results on our dataset and some standard datasets, namely, IAM and KHATT, show that the proposed method is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Security of data

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A new unified method for detecting text from marathon runners and sports players in video

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Nag, Sauradip Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Blumenstein, Michael Kalyani Government Engineering College Kalyani Kolkata India Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Sydney Australia

Detecting text located on the torsos of marathon runners and sports players in video is a challenging issue due to poor quality and adverse effects caused by flexible/colorful clothing, and different structures of human bodies or actions. This paper presents a new unified method for tackling the above challenges. The proposed method fuses gradient magnitude and direction coherence of text pixels in a new way for detecting candidate regions. Candidate regions are used for determining the number of temporal frame clusters obtained by K-means clustering on frame differences. This process in turn detects key frames. The proposed method explores Bayesian probability for skin portions using color values at both pixel and component levels of temporal frames, which provides fused images with skin components. Based on skin information, the proposed method then detects faces and torsos by finding structural and spatial coherences between them. We further propose adaptive pixels linking a deep learning model for text detection from torso regions. The proposed method is tested on our own dataset collected from marathon/sports video and three standard datasets, namely, RBNR, MMM and R-ID of marathon images, to evaluate the performance. In addition, the proposed method is also tested on the standard natural scene datasets, namely, CTW1500 and MS-COCO text datasets, to show the objectiveness of the proposed method. A comparative study with the state-of-the-art methods on bib number/text detection of different datasets shows that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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Word-Wise Handwriting Based Gender Identification Using Multi-Gabor Response Fusion 4th

Word-Wise Handwriting Based Gender Identification Using Mult...

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4th Workshop on Document Analysis and recognition, DAR 2018, held in Conjunction with the 11th Indian Conference on vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, ICVGIP 2018

作者： Asadzadeh Kaljahi, Maryam Vidya Varshini, P.V. Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote Pal, Umapada Lu, Tong Guru, D.S. Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Vellore Institute of Technology VelloreTamil Nadu India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Studies in Computer Science Manasagangotri University of Mysuru Mysore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811393600

Handwriting based gender identification at the word level is challenging due to free style writing, use of different scripts, and inadequate information. This paper presents a new method based on Multi-Gabor Response (MGR) fusion for gender identification at the word level. It first explores weighted-gradient features for word segmentation from text line images. For each word, the proposed method obtains eight Gabor response images. Then it performs sliding window operation over MGR images to smooth the values. For each smoothed MGR images, we perform fusion operation that chooses the Gabor response value which contributes to the highest peak in the histogram. This process results in a feature matrix, which is fed to CNN for gender identification. Experimental results on our dataset (multi scripts) apart from English, and benchmark databases, namely, IAM, KHATT, and QUWI, which contain handwritten English and Arabic text, show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Conditional sequential modulation for efficient global image retouching

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： He, Jingwen Liu, Yihao Qiao, Yu Dong, Chao ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China SIAT Branch Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence Robotics for Society Korea Republic of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Photo retouching aims at enhancing the aesthetic visual quality of images that suffer from photographic defects such as over/under exposure, poor contrast, inharmonious saturation. Practically, photo retouching can be accomplished by a series of image processing operations. In this paper, we investigate some commonly-used retouching operations and mathematically find that these pixel-independent operations can be approximated or formulated by multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). Based on this analysis, we propose an extremely light-weight framework - Conditional Sequential Retouching Network (CSRNet) - for efficient global image retouching. CSRNet consists of a base network and a condition network. The base network acts like an MLP that processes each pixel independently and the condition network extracts the global features of the input image to generate a condition vector. To realize retouching operations, we modulate the intermediate features using Global Feature Modulation (GFM), of which the parameters are transformed by condition vector. Benefiting from the utilization of 1×1 convolution, CSRNet only contains less than 37k trainable parameters, which is orders of magnitude smaller than existing learning-based methods. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the benchmark MIT-Adobe FiveK dataset quantitively and qualitatively. Code is available at https://***/hejingwenhejingwen/CSRNet. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pixels

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Current Progress and Challenges in Large-scale 3D Mitochondria Instance Segmentation

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Franco-Barranco, Daniel Lin, Zudi Jang, Won-Dong Wang, Xueying Shen, Qijia Yin, Wenjie Fan, Yutian Li, Mingxing Chen, Chang Xiong, Zhiwei Xin, Rui Liu, Hao Chen, Huai Li, Zhili Zhao, Jie Chen, Xuejin Pape, Constantin Conrad, Ryan De Folter, Jozefus Nightingale, Luke Jones, Martin L. Liu, Yanling Ziaei, Dorsa Huschauer, Stephan Arganda-Carreras, Ignacio Pfister, Hanspeter Wei, Donglai The Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of the Basque Country Donostia-San Sebastian Spain San Sebastian Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain Biofisika Institute CSIC UPV/EHU Bilbao Spain Harvard University All-ston MA United States The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University CambridgeMA United States The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging FMRIB Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom University of Science and Technology of China Anhui China The Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China The National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application University of Science and Technology of China Anhui China The Georg-August University Goettingen Germany The Center for Molecular Microscopy Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda United States The Cancer Research Technology Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick United States The Francis Crick Institute London United Kingdom The Advanced Biomedical Computational Science Group Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD United States The Computer Science Department Boston College Chestnut Hill MA United States

In this paper, we present the results of the MitoEM challenge on mitochondria 3D instance segmentation from electron microscopy images, organized in conjunction with the IEEE-ISBI 2021 conference. Our benchmark dataset consists of two large-scale 3D volumes, one from human and one from rat cortex tissue, which are 3,600 times larger than previously used datasets. At the time of paper submission, 257 participants had registered for the challenge, 14 teams had submitted their results, and six teams participated in the challenge workshop. Here, we present eight top-performing approaches from the challenge participants, along with our own baseline strategies. Posterior to the challenge, annotation errors in the ground truth were corrected without altering the final ranking. Additionally, we present a retrospective evaluation of the scoring system which revealed that (1) the challenge metric was permissive with the false positive predictions and (2) the size-based grouping of instances did not correctly categorize mitochondria of interest. Thus, we propose a new scoring system that better reflects the correctness of the segmentation results. Although several of the top methods are compared favorably to our own baselines, substantial errors remain unsolved for mitochondria with challenging morphologies. Thus, the challenge remains open for submission and automatic evaluation, with all volumes available for download. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Electron microscopy

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Structuring Nonlinear Wavefront Emitted from Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

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research 2020年第1期2020卷 1721-1730页

作者： Xuanmiao Hong Guangwei Hu Wenchao Zhao Kai Wang Shang Sun Rui Zhu Jing Wu Weiwei Liu Kian Ping Loh Andrew Thye Shen Wee Bing Wang Andrea Alù Cheng-Wei Qiu Peixiang Lu Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117583 Advanced Science Research Center City University of New YorkNew York 10031USA Department of Physics National University of Singapore2 Science Drive 3Singapore 117542 Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03Singapore 138634 Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore 17543 Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of SingaporeBlock S146 Science Drive 2Singapore 117546 Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China

The growing demand for tailored nonlinearity calls for a structure with unusual phase discontinuity that allows the realization of nonlinear optical chirality,holographic imaging,and nonlinear wavefront ***-metal dichalcogenide(TMDC)monolayers offer giant optical nonlinearity within a few-angstrom thickness,but limitations in optical absorption and domain size impose restriction on wavefront control of nonlinear emissions using classical light *** contrast,noble metal-based plasmonic nanosieves support giant field enhancements and precise nonlinear phase control,with hundred-nanometer pixellevel resolution;however,they suffer from intrinsically weak nonlinear ***,we report a multifunctional nonlinear interface by integrating TMDC monolayers with plasmonic nanosieves,yielding drastically different nonlinear functionalities that cannot be accessed by either *** a hybrid nonlinear interface allows second-harmonic(SH)orbital angular momentum(OAM)generation,beam steering,versatile polarization control,and holograms,with an effective SH nonlinearityχ^((2))of~25 nm/*** designer platform synergizes the TMDC monolayer and plasmonic nanosieves to empower tunable geometric phases and large field enhancement,paving the way toward multifunctional and ultracompact nonlinear optical devices.

关键词： nonlinearity Transition yielding

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DCFH: A dynamic clustering approach based on fire hawk optimizer in flying ad hoc networks

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Vehicular Communications 2024年 47卷

作者： Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Ali, Saqib Ahmad, Husham Jawad Alanazi, Faisal Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor, Efat Darwesh, Aso Rahmani, Amir Masoud Lee, Sang-Woong Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang Viet Nam School of Medicine and Pharmacy Duy Tan University Da Nang Viet Nam Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Al Khoudh Muscat Oman Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia Center of Research and Strategic Studies Lebanese French University Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Information Technology University of Human Development Kurdistan Region Sulaymaniyah Iraq Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Taiwan Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab Gachon University 1342 Seongnamdaero Sujeonggu Seongnam 13120 South Korea

In flying ad hoc networks (FANETs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) communicate with each other without any fixed infrastructure. Because of frequent topological changes, instability of wireless communication, three-dimensional movement of UAVs, and limited resources, especially energy, FANETs deal with many challenges, especially the instability of UAV swarms. One solution to address these problems is clustering because it maintains network performance and increases scalability. In this paper, a dynamic clustering scheme based on fire hawk optimizer (DCFH) is proposed for FANETs. In DCFH, each cluster head calculates the period of hello messages in its cluster based on its velocity. Then, a fire hawk optimizer (FHO)-based dynamic clustering operation is carried out to determine the role of each UAV (cluster head (CH) or cluster member (CM)) in the network. To calculate the fitness value of each fire hawk, a fitness function is suggested based on four elements, namely the balance of energy consumption, the number of isolated clusters, the distribution of CHs, and the neighbor degree. To improve cluster stability, each CH manages the movement of its CMs and adjusts it based on its movement in the network. In the last phase, DCFH defines a greedy routing process to determine the next-hop node based on a score, which consists of distance between CHs, energy, and buffer capacity. Finally, DCFH is simulated using the network simulator version 2 (NS2), and its performance is compared with three methods, including the mobility-based weighted cluster routing scheme (MWCRSF), the dynamic clustering mechanism (DCM), and the Grey wolf optimization (GWO)-based clustering protocol. The simulation results show that DCFH well manages the number of clusters in the network. It improves the cluster construction time (about 55.51%), cluster lifetime (approximately 11.13%), energy consumption (about 15.16%), network lifetime (about 2.6%), throughput (approximately 3.9%), packet deliver

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) Clustering Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) Optimization algorithms Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

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Group shift pointwise convolution for volumetric medical image segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： He, Junjun Ye, Jin Li, Cheng Song, Diping Chen, Wanli Wang, Shanshan Gu, Lixu Qiao, Yu School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shenzhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Shenzhen China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai China Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Shenzhen China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Peng Cheng Laboratory Guangdong Shenzhen China Pazhou Lab Guangdong Guangzhou China

Recent studies have witnessed the effectiveness of 3D convolutions on segmenting volumetric medical images. Compared with the 2D counterparts, 3D convolutions can capture the spatial context in three dimensions. Nevertheless, models employing 3D convolutions introduce more trainable parameters and are more computationally complex, which may lead easily to model overfitting especially for medical applications with limited available training data. This paper aims to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of 3D convolutions by introducing a novel Group Shift Pointwise Convolution (GSP-Conv). GSP-Conv simplifies 3D convolutions into pointwise ones with 1 × 1 × 1 kernels, which dramatically reduces the number of model parameters and FLOPs (e.g. 27× fewer than 3D convolutions with 3 × 3 × 3 kernels). Naïve pointwise convolutions with limited receptive fields cannot make full use of the spatial image context. To address this problem, we propose a parameter-free operation, Group Shift (GS), which shifts the feature maps along different spatial directions in an elegant way. With GS, pointwise convolutions can access features from different spatial locations, and the limited receptive fields of pointwise convolutions can be compensated. We evaluate the proposed methods on two datasets, PROMISE12 and BraTS18. Results show that our method, with substantially decreased model complexity, achieves comparable or even better performance than models employing 3D convolutions. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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Box-driven Class-wise Region Masking and Filling Rate Guided Loss for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Box-driven Class-wise Region Masking and Filling Rate Guided...

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IEEE/CVF Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition

作者： Chunfeng Song Yan Huang Wanli Ouyang Liang Wang Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing (CRIPAC) National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR) Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) The University of Sydney SenseTime Computer Vision Research Group

ISBN: (纸本)9781728132945

Semantic segmentation has achieved huge progress via adopting deep Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN). However, the performance of FCN based models severely rely on the amounts of pixel-level annotations which are expensive and time-consuming. To address this problem, it is a good choice to learn to segment with weak supervision from bounding boxes. How to make full use of the class-level and region-level supervisions from bounding boxes is the critical challenge for the weakly supervised learning task. In this paper, we first introduce a box-driven class-wise masking model (BCM) to remove irrelevant regions of each class. Moreover, based on the pixel-level segment proposal generated from the bounding box supervision, we could calculate the mean filling rates of each class to serve as an important prior cue, then we propose a filling rate guided adaptive loss (FR-Loss) to help the model ignore the wrongly labeled pixels in proposals. Unlike previous methods directly training models with the fixed individual segment proposals, our method can adjust the model learning with global statistical information. Thus it can help reduce the negative impacts from wrongly labeled proposals. We evaluate the proposed method on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2012 benchmark and compare with other methods. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and achieves the state-of-the-art results.

关键词： bounding boxes filling rate Masking Semantics Supervision Regulated industries

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