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International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS)

作者： T. Fukaya M. Hirayama Y. Mihara Research & Development Center Systems & Software Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Kawasaki Japan

We propose a verification method for software specification. In order to avoid software faults, our method derives safety assertions using FTA, computes the behavioral graph of specification and analyzes statically whether this graph satisfies safety assertions. Moreover, when there exists an assertion which can not hold, our method localizes software design faults.< >

关键词： US Department of Transportation software safety software design software quality Product safety Formal verification Hardware Humans Temperature control software engineering

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Composition-based mapping of design plans into implementation-level architectures

Composition-based mapping of design plans into implementatio...

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Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications

作者： Y. Nagai S. Honiden Systems & Software Engineering Laboratory Research & Development Center Toshiba Corporation Saiwai Kanagawa Japan

This paper describes a mapping method using composition for software reuse in object-oriented constraint programming (OOCP) languages. We discuss the mapping of design plans using an OOCP language. We also apply this mapping, using composition in an OOCP language, to a mechanical design problem and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.< >

关键词： Computer architecture Problem-solving Programming profession Algorithm design and analysis Libraries Skeleton software engineering Laboratories Object oriented programming Computer languages

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Holonic planning and scheduling for a robotic assembly testbed 4

Holonic planning and scheduling for a robotic assembly testb...

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4th International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology, CIMAT 1994

作者： Gou, Ling Hasegawa, Tetsuo Luh, Peter B. Tamura, Shinsuke Oblak, John M. Department of Electrical and System Engineering University of‘Connecticut StormCT06369-3156 United States System and Software Engineering Laboratory Research and Development Center Toshiba Corporation 60 Yanagi-cho Sei-waiku Kawasaki210 Japan United Technologies Research Center 411 Silver Lane Eart HartfordCT06108 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0818665106

A Holonic Manufacturing System (EMS)is a manufacturing system where key element, such as machines, products, park, etc., have artonomous and cooperative properties. These element are called "holons" a word coined by combining "holos" (the whole) and ‘onu (a particle) following Koestler. In an HMS, each "holos" activities are determined through cooperation with other holons, as opposed to being determined by a centralized mechanism. An EMS could therefore enjoy high agility, which is an important characteristic for future manufacturing systems. Effective cooperation of holons for overall system performance, however, is mostly an open issue. In the paper, the holonic concept is applied to a simple robotic assembly testbed, and cooperation mechanism among holons for planning and schedukng are established, respectively, baaed on an adaptive consistency algorithm and the Lagrangian relaxation technique. It turns out that Lagrangian relazation provides a theoretical,foundation for the cooperation of scheduling activities among holons. The system has been implemented in object-oriented framework, and evaluated based on the computation times for generating assembly plans and scheduler and the quality of schedules under different circumstances. Preliminary testing showed that the system can generate assembly plans and high quality schedules, and respond to dynamic changes. © 1994 IEEE.

关键词： Robotic assembly

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software design verification using FTA

Software design verification using FTA

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Asian Test Symposium (ATS)

作者： T. Fukuya M. Hirayama Y. Mihara Res. & Dev. Center Toshiba Corp. Kawasaki Japan Research & Development Center Systems & Software Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Kawasaki Japan

We propose a verification approach for software specification. In order to avoid software design faults, our approach derives safety assertions using fault tree analysis, computes a behavioral graph of specification and analyzes statically whether this graph satisfies safety assertions. When there exists an assertion which can not hold, our method localizes software design faults. Moreover we show an example of our approach applied to a practical "microwave oven" development.< >

关键词： software design US Department of Transportation software safety software quality Formal verification Microwave ovens software engineering Laboratories Fault trees software systems

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Human-motion recognition by means of fuzzy associative inference

Human-motion recognition by means of fuzzy associative infer...

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IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)

作者： H. Ushida A. Imura T. Yamaguchi T. Takagi Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering Research Yokohama Japan Faculty of Engineering Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya Japan Multimedia Software Development Office Matsushita Elecrric Indusrrial Company Limited Tokyo Japan

A real time human motion recognition method is proposed that uses fuzzy associative inference. If transforms space time patterns into state transition patterns, which are then recognized by means of fuzzy associative inference using associative memories. The tracking data is given as time series data, from which the characteristic states are extracted. Each human motion has a specific state transition pattern that consists of characteristic states. To recognize these motions, the specific state transition patterns of the motions are defined as fuzzy rules and these fuzzy rules are implemented in a fuzzy associative memory system. This method is independent of the person being measured and the speed of the motion. In real time experiments, this method was able to recognize three basic tennis motions (forehand stroke, backhand stroke, and smash) for six unspecified people. The recognition ratio of the fuzzy associative memory system is better than that of conventional fuzzy inference and a multilayer perceptron.< >

关键词： Humans Fuzzy systems Associative memory Pattern recognition Image recognition Knowledge representation Data mining Velocity measurement Tracking Data gloves

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Holonic planning and scheduling for a robotic assembly testbed

Holonic planning and scheduling for a robotic assembly testb...

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International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing

作者： Ling Gou T. Hasegawa P.B. Luh S. Tamura J.M. Oblak Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Systems and Software Engineering Laboratory Research and Development Center Toshiba Corporation Kawasaki Japan United Technologies Research Center Inc. East Hartford CT USA

A holonic manufacturing system (HMS) is a manufacturing system where key elements, such as machines, products, parts, etc., have autonomous and cooperative properties. These elements are called "holons," a word coined by combining "holos" (the whole) and "on" (a particle) following Koestler. In an HMS, each holon's activities are determined through cooperation with other holons, as opposed to being determined by a centralized mechanism. An HMS could therefore enjoy high agility, which is an important characteristic for future manufacturing systems. Effective cooperation of holons for overall system performance, however, is mostly on open issue. In this paper, the holonic concept is applied to a simple robotic assembly testbed, and cooperation mechanisms among holons for planning and scheduling are established, respectively, based on an adaptive consistency algorithm and the Lagrangian relaxation technique. It turns out that Lagrangian relaxation provides a theoretical foundation for the cooperation of scheduling activities among holons. The system has been implemented in an object-oriented framework, and evaluated based on the computation times for generating assembly plans and schedules and the quality of schedules under different circumstances. Preliminary testing showed that the system can generate assembly plans and high quality schedules, and respond to dynamic changes.< >

关键词： Robotic assembly Job shop scheduling Processor scheduling Manufacturing systems Lagrangian functions Assembly systems System performance Scheduling algorithm System testing Dynamic scheduling

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EFFECT OF BROADCAST AND PRECISE EPHEMERIDES ON ESTIMATES OF THE FREQUENCY STABILITY OF GPS NAVSTAR CLOCKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第5期12卷 435-441页

作者： MCCASKILL, TB REID, WG BUISSON, JA WARREN, HE U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Naval Centre for Space Technology Space Applications Branch Washington DC 20375–5320 USA. A physicist who has worked with the Space Applications Branch of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) since 1960. He works in the areas of precise time and frequency and satellite navigation. His satellite navigation work began in 1966 with the TIM-ATION program. He developed navigation algorithms that were used in the design of the NRL-proposed constellation for GPS. He has been a member of the GPS team for more than 20 years. His current work involves the frequency stability analysis of all GPS Navstar and monitor station clocks. An Electronics Engineer who has worked at the Naval Research Laboratory since 1971 and with the Space Applications Branch since 1983. He has been a member of the GPS team for more than a decade. His current work involves software development for the clock analysis program and analysis of the Navstar clock behaviour in the areas of anomaly detection correction of breaks in the data frequency stability and spectral analysis. SFA Inc. 1401 McCormick Drive Landover MD 20785 USA. A physicist who has been associated with the Naval Research Laboratory since 1960 and currently is an independent contractor. He has worked on the GPS project for more than 20 years. He was involved with the first experiment in the TIMATION program in 1964 and with the design of the NRL-proposed constellation for GPS. He was the Director of the Control Center for the Navigation Technology Segment (NTS) of GPS which verified key concepts that included precise time transfer navigation and the relativistic clock effect for GPS. An engineer who has been associated with the Space Applications Branch of the Naval Research Laboratory since 1959–first with Bendix Field Engineering until 1990 and currently with SFA Inc. His work includes GPS precise time and frequency measurements for NTS and GPS data communications and analysis of the Navstar clocks.

Frequency stability analysis of on-orbit Navstar clocks is performed by the Naval research laboratory using both the broadcast and the precise post-processed ephemerides. The phase offset between the Navstar clock and the reference clock is computed from pseudorange measurements obtained by dual-frequency GPS receivers at the five GPS monitor sites and at the U.S. Naval Observatory precise-time site. The broadcast ephemerides are generated at the GPS master control station by a Kalman filter using data collected from the five GPS monitor stations. The precise post-processed ephemerides are generated by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) using data collected from the GPS monitor sites and from five additional DMA monitor sites. In this paper the frequency stability is estimated for two Navstar caesium clocks-a Block I caesium clock (Navstar 9) and a Block II caesium clock (Navstar 23)-using both the broadcast and the precise ephemerides. A significant improvement in the estimate of the frequency stability of the Block II clocks has been achieved using the precise ephemeris.

关键词： GPS NAVSTAR CLOCKS FREQUENCY STABILITY BROADCAST AND PRECISE EPHEMERIDES EPHEMERIS PREDICTION UNCERTAINTY

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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Comparison of OOA and real-time SA-from the experiment of analyzing an image filing system

Comparison of OOA and real-time SA-from the experiment of an...

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Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 1993

作者： Yamashiro, Akihiro Nakano, Hiroko Yoshida, Kazuki Saito, Etsuo Research and Development Center Systems and Software Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Japan

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Combining Strict Matching and Similarity Assessment for Retrieving Appropriate Cases Efficiently

Combining Strict Matching and Similarity Assessment for Retr...

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1993 AAAI Spring Symposium

作者： Tanaka, Toshikazu Sueda, Naomichi Systems and Software Engineering Laboratory Research and Development Center Toshiba Corporation 70 Yanagicho Saiwaiku Kanagawa Kawasaki210 Japan

It is essential for case-based reasoning (CBR) systems to access truly relevant cases efficiently. Similarity assessment adopted by many CBR systems needs performance improvement, especially if the case library of a CBR system consists of a database in the target domain which is not equipped with suitable indexing for the CBR system. In consideration of this problem, we are exploring use of strict matching, a conventional information retrieval technology, to screen out irrelevant cases effectively and efficiently before similarity assessment. In this paper, we first clarify the need for combining strict matching and similarity assessment by analyzing two CBR systems we developed: Sales Estimation System and Motor Design Support System. Then, we propose a method for combining the two retrieval techniques, Similarity Assessment with Strict Screening, which first performs strict matching to reduce the size of a set of candidate cases subject to similarity assessment. Central to the method is an algorithm which is complete in that strict matching does not screen out any relevant case which similarity assessment would select. Copyright © 1993, AAAI (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Case based reasoning

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