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EFFECT OF BROADCAST AND PRECISE EPHEMERIDES ON ESTIMATES OF THE FREQUENCY STABILITY OF GPS NAVSTAR CLOCKS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第5期12卷 435-441页

作者： MCCASKILL, TB REID, WG BUISSON, JA WARREN, HE U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Naval Centre for Space Technology Space Applications Branch Washington DC 20375–5320 USA. A physicist who has worked with the Space Applications Branch of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) since 1960. He works in the areas of precise time and frequency and satellite navigation. His satellite navigation work began in 1966 with the TIM-ATION program. He developed navigation algorithms that were used in the design of the NRL-proposed constellation for GPS. He has been a member of the GPS team for more than 20 years. His current work involves the frequency stability analysis of all GPS Navstar and monitor station clocks. An Electronics Engineer who has worked at the Naval Research Laboratory since 1971 and with the Space Applications Branch since 1983. He has been a member of the GPS team for more than a decade. His current work involves software development for the clock analysis program and analysis of the Navstar clock behaviour in the areas of anomaly detection correction of breaks in the data frequency stability and spectral analysis. SFA Inc. 1401 McCormick Drive Landover MD 20785 USA. A physicist who has been associated with the Naval Research Laboratory since 1960 and currently is an independent contractor. He has worked on the GPS project for more than 20 years. He was involved with the first experiment in the TIMATION program in 1964 and with the design of the NRL-proposed constellation for GPS. He was the Director of the Control Center for the Navigation Technology Segment (NTS) of GPS which verified key concepts that included precise time transfer navigation and the relativistic clock effect for GPS. An engineer who has been associated with the Space Applications Branch of the Naval Research Laboratory since 1959–first with Bendix Field Engineering until 1990 and currently with SFA Inc. His work includes GPS precise time and frequency measurements for NTS and GPS data communications and analysis of the Navstar clocks.

Frequency stability analysis of on-orbit Navstar clocks is performed by the Naval research laboratory using both the broadcast and the precise post-processed ephemerides. The phase offset between the Navstar clock and the reference clock is computed from pseudorange measurements obtained by dual-frequency GPS receivers at the five GPS monitor sites and at the U.S. Naval Observatory precise-time site. The broadcast ephemerides are generated at the GPS master control station by a Kalman filter using data collected from the five GPS monitor stations. The precise post-processed ephemerides are generated by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) using data collected from the GPS monitor sites and from five additional DMA monitor sites. In this paper the frequency stability is estimated for two Navstar caesium clocks-a Block I caesium clock (Navstar 9) and a Block II caesium clock (Navstar 23)-using both the broadcast and the precise ephemerides. A significant improvement in the estimate of the frequency stability of the Block II clocks has been achieved using the precise ephemeris.

关键词： GPS NAVSTAR CLOCKS FREQUENCY STABILITY BROADCAST AND PRECISE EPHEMERIDES EPHEMERIS PREDICTION UNCERTAINTY

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ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 13TH CONFERENCE OF THE WEED-SCIENCE-SOCIETY OF ISRAEL - JANUARY 24-25, 1994 THE HEBREW-UNIVERSITY-OF-JERUSALEM, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE REHOVOT, ISRAEL

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PHYTOPARASITICA 1994年第2期22卷 115-147页

作者： [Anonymous] Jewish National Fund Forest Department — Southern Region Gilat Israel Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede Boqer Israel Hula Project Upper Galilee Regional Council Qiryat Shemona Israel Dept. of Ornamental Horticulture ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel NIRIT Agrochemicals Development and Registration Rehovot Israel Luxembourg Chemicals & Agriculture Ltd. Tel Aviv Israel Milchan Bros. Ltd. Ramat Gan Israel Agan Chemical Manufacturers Ltd. Ashdod Israel The Weed Control Co. Ltd. Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Weed Science ARO Newe Ya’ar Research Center Haifa Israel Makhteshim Chemical Works Ltd. Tel Aviv Office Bet Gibor Tel Aviv Israel Dept. of Field Crops Vegetables and Genetics The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Rehovot Israel C.T.S. Ltd. The Agricultural Dept. Tel Aviv Israel Agon Chemical Manufacturers Ltd. Ashdod Israel Central Experiment Station ARO Bet Dagan Israel Ma’on District Enterprises Negev Israel Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Zefat Israel Mevo Hamma Ramat HaGolan Israel Dept. of Agricultural Botany The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Rehovot Israel Institute of Evolution Haifa University Haifa Israel John Innes Centre Cambridge Laboratory UK Inst. of Plant Protection ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Dept. of Entomology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Rehovot 76100 Institute of Soils and Water ARO The Volcani Center MIGAL South Industrial Zone Bet Dagan Qiryat Shemona Israel Dept. of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Rehovot Israel Soil Microbiology Laboratory ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Biochemistry Dept. University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA Soil Science Dept. University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA Dept. of Vegetable Crops ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Dept. of Plant Protection and Inspection Mi

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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development and integration of an equation-solving program for engineering thermodynamics courses

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Computer applications in Engineering Education 1993年第3期1卷 265-265页

作者： Klein, S.A. Mechanical Engineering Department University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706 Dr. S. A. Klein:is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at University of Wisconsin-Madison. His engineering degrees (BS University of Illinois-Chicago MS PhD University of Wisconsin-Madison) were obtained in Chemical Engineering. Professor Klein is a member of the Solar Energy Laboratory at Wisconsin. He is the developer of the F-Chart method for sizing solar heating systems and the TRNSYS simulation program which is widely used in simulations of solar processes. Currently Professor Klein is involved in research on solar energy system performance absorption power cycles finite-time thermodynamics applications adsorption processes for air conditioning and air quality control and alternative refrigerants and systems for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Professor Klein is also involved in the development of engineering computer tools for both instruction and research. In addition to the EES program described in this paper he is the primary author of the thermodynamics instructional program CP/Thermo and the finite element program FEHT.

Thermodynamics problems can be separated into conceptual and mathematical parts. The conceptual part consists of the problem formulation and analysis. The mathematical part seeks to obtain an answer to a problem by solving the equations identified in the analysis. The mathematical part can be complex and time-consuming and often directs the students' focus away from the concepts. An equation solving program called Engineering Equation Solver (EES) was developed to reduce the time and effort required by students to solve the mathematical part of thermodynamics problems. EES differs from existing equation solving programs in that it is designed for use by students and it includes an extensive library of built-in functions for thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids. Thermodynamic and transport property data needed for solving engineering problems (eg, steam tables, refrigerant properties, psychrometric and combustion gas data) are built into the program. By eliminating table lookups and algebra, EES allows students to concentrate on engineering fundamentals, as well as to do more complex design problems.

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AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT AND CANDIDATE TITANIUM-ALLOY applications ON UNITED-STATES-NAVY SURFACE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 175-191页

作者： SCHUTZ, RW SCATURRO, MR Ronald W. Schutzis manager of industrial research and development for RMI Titanium Company in Niles Ohio. He has held his current position since September of 1989. Prior to this appointment Mr. Schutz was employed by TIMET Corporation in the Henderson Technical Laboratory for 14 years involved with corrosion research and development of titanium alloys for industrial applications. Mr. Schutz has authored more than 25 papers on the corrosion behavior and industrial applications of titanium alloys. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry and M.S. degree in inorganic electrochemistry from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy N.Y. He was a recipient of the NACE A.B. Campbell Award in 1981 and is a member of NACE ASTM and ASNE. Milton R. Scaturrois a licensed engineer in both California and Canada with over 35 years experience in design and manufacturing. Since joining the Naval Ship Weapons Systems Engineering Station in Port Hueneme Calif in 1968 he has specialized in the development and application of corrosion control techniques on naval ships weapons systems and electronic ship systems. He studied mechanical engineering at City College of New York and is a Certified Manufacturing Engineer and a member of NACE and ASNE.

A significant number of current and candidate Navy surface ship applications for titanium alloys are identified and reviewed in this paper. These applications represent very viable, practical engineering solutions to current limitations and problems on current ships, and improvements proposed to address modern Navy aims. These fundamental aims include improved ship performance, availability, payload, mobility, and survivability. A thorough discussion of relevant mechanical, physical, and corrosion properties of candidate titanium alloys is made along with how these properties impact design, fabricability, and performance of specific ship structures and systems. An update of the status of these ship applications and corresponding Navy evaluation programs is also provided.

关键词： Titanium and Alloys

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PATROL BOAT HABITABILITY NOISE-control

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 73-89页

作者： FISCHER, R The authoris a senior engineer at Atlantic Applied Research Corporation. He received his master's in ocean engineering from the University of Massachusetts in 1973. For the past 15 years he has been extensively involved with the prediction of radiated noise sonar self-noise habitability noise and structural vibrations on a large variety of vessels. He has applied semiempirical lumped and distributed element and statistical energy analysis (SEA) techniques to predict the acoustic environment of most types of vessels. He has also directed many shipboard noise and vibration measurements for demonstration of compliance with acoustic criteria for diagnostic testing and for verification both in model scale and full scale of acoustic modelling techniques that he has helped to develop. His area of specialty includes design development and noise control engineering to solve marine noise and vibration problems. Recently he has been involved with the acoustic design and groundborne testing for the Navy's Large Cavitation Channel (LCC) and Ship Silencing Laboratory (SSL) facilities. Mr. Fischer is also providing assistance to the DDG-51 lead yard to resolve acoustic problems that arise during the detail design phase. He co-authored SNAME'sDesign Guide for Shipboard Airborne Noise Control.Based on this document Mr. Fischer and two other lecturers offer a biannual short course at State College Penn.

Patrol boats are one of the most difficult of marine platforms to quiet. Due to their compact size, the high power density of their equipment, and unusually long operating periods, patrol boats have noise and vibration levels which often create special problems requiring unique or innovative control techniques. The problems and solutions are generally different than those typical of larger ships. Acceptable noise environments will only be achieved when regulatory bodies, owners/operators, designers and builders recognize the patrol craft's unique problems. In addition to the need for extensive and novel noise control treatments, it will always be necessary for all parties concerned to incorporate effective acoustical design practices into the overall program. This paper presents the noise criteria applied to accommodation areas, the extent of the habitability noise control program undertaken, noise control approaches and treatments, and resultant levels on four different classes of patrol craft - the U.S. Coast Guard 95-ft. Cape class patrol boat (WPB), U.S. Navy 120-ft. torpedo weapon retriever (TWR), U.S. Navy 108-ft. yard patrol boat (YP), and USCG 110-ft. Island class patrol boat (WPB). These programs include a rehabilitation, a new design, the reconfiguration of a smaller craft to suit a particular mission, and a procurement under a parent craft concept, respectively. Many of the special problems, potential solutions, and shortfalls of current approaches will be underscored. The actual steps taken during the design, construction and testing of the craft will be featured. No attempt is made to present all viable noise control treatments for patrol craft, to detail the installed treatments, or to establish acceptance criteria.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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AN EXPERIMENTAL EXPERT WEAPON DIRECTION SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 24-34页

作者： STEWART, RL OUSBORNE, DR Robert L. Stewartis a mathematician on the senior staff of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and is currently principal investigator in two research projects addressing distributed decision processes and expert systems. He has a master's degree in mathematics from the University of Utah is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and is a doctoral candidate conducting human problem-solving research at The Johns Hopkins University. Douglas R. Ousbomeis an engineer on the senior staff of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and is the assistant group supervisor of the weapon direction group within the Fleet Systems Department. He is a specialist in weapon control system engineering design development and evaluation. He is coprincipal investigator in a research project addressing the applicability of expert systems techniques in weapon control environments.

A research project that addresses the efficacy of expert systems techniques for improving effectiveness of missile employments from Navy surface ships is discussed in terms of general weapon systems operations, special requirements of real-time tactical situations, and a functioning experimental expert weapon direction system. An overview of the current weapon direction system and associated missile employment operation is provided as a basis for discussing timing and coordination requirements. The development and test of an experimental expert support system using sumulated missile engagements is reviewed in terms of language structures, incorporation of expert procedural knowledge, and system modeling. Preliminary results from testing the experimental expert system at the engagement system land based test site in Laurel, Maryland are reported, and future plans are summarized.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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CURRENT TRENDS IN NAVAL DATA HANDLING SYSTEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 128-141页

作者： WAPNER, M FASTRING, R Martin Wapner:graduated from the City College of New York from which he received both his bachelor and masters degrees in electrical engineering. He joined the Naval Applied Science Laboratory in 1961 where he served as project engineer for ship inertial navigation systems (SINS) and related equipments. Since 1967 he has been employed by the Naval Sea Systems Command initially as Navigation and Interior Communications Programs Manager in the Research Directorate and currently as Director Combat Systems Engineering Research and Technology Office in the Combat Systems Directorate. He has been responsible for the development of the Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) the Electrically Suspended Gyro Navigator (ESGN) the Doppler Sonar Velocity Log (DSVL) and directs other technology programs in the area of command and control and related command support functions. He has directed programs to evaluate foreign data bus and distributed processor technology for potential application to U.S. requirements and is active in a number of U.S. government and foreign government information exchange programs. He has authored numerous technical papers and is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers American Society of Naval Engineers and the Institute of Navigation. Richard A. Fastring:graduated from Tulane University with a B.S.E.E. and did graduate work in systems engineering and operations research at the University of Pennsylvania. He joined RCA's surface communications systems engineering staff in 1959 where he contributed to a number of Navy and Air Force communication system programs. Since 1971 he has been with SEMCOR Inc. where he has been involved with the Navy's Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) and related data transfer programs. Mr. Fastring has served on information exchange standardization committees such as the A2K Avionics Multiplexing Committee of the Society of Automotive Engineers and Subgroup 6 (Compatibility of Naval Data Handling Equipments) of the NA TO Industrial Adviso

The hardwired point to point cabling that has been the mainstay of data handling on naval ships is slowly but surely giving way to more advanced techniques that include data bussing and high speed switching networks. The U.S. Navy's AN/USQ-82(V) Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) is now installed and operating for technical and operational evaluation purposes on USS Oldendorf , a DD 963 class destroyer. The distributed switching system “SITACS” introduced at ASNE Day 1982 has now been breadboarded. In the foreign arena, NATO standard bus and network interfaces are being implemented in Norwegian, United Kingdom and Canadian shipboard systems. These developments are reviewed, and projections are made regarding future trends in naval data handling systems.

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AN APPROACH TO AN EVOLUTIONARY IMPLEMENTATION OF SHIPBOARD distributed-PROCESSING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第2期94卷 39-49页

作者： FASTRING, RA WAPNER, M Richard A. Fastring:graduated from Tulane University with a B.S.E.E. and did graduate work in Systems Engineering and Operations Research at the University of Pennsylvania. He joined RCA's Surface Communications Systems Engineering Staff in 1959 where he contributed to a number of Navy and Air Force communication system programs. Since 1971 he has been with SEMCOR Inc. where he has been involved with the Navy's Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) and related data transfer programs. Mr. Fastring has served on information exchange standardization committees such as the A2K Avionics Multiplexing Committee of the Society of Automotive Engineers and Subgroup 6 (Compatibility of Naval Data Handling Equipments) of the NATO Industrial Advisory Group. Martin Wapner:graduated from the City College of New York from which he received both his Bachelor and Masters degrees in Electrical Engineering. He joined the Naval Applied Science Laboratory in 1961 where he served as Project Engineer for Ship Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS) and related equipments. Since 1967 he has been employed by the Naval Sea Systems Command initially as Navigation and Interior Communications Programs Manager in the Research Directorate and currently as Director Combat Systems Engineering Research and Technology Office in the Combat Systems Directorate. He has been responsible for the development of the Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) the Electrically Suspended Gyro Navigator (ESGN) and the Doppler Sonar Velocity Log (DSVL) and directs other technology programs in the area of Command and Control and related command support functions. He has directed programs to evaluate foreign data bus and distributed processor technology for potential application to U.S. requirements and is active in a number of U.S. government and foreign government information exchange programs. He has authored numerous technical papers and is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

Traditional thinking regarding the data transfer vehicle needed to interconnect elements of a distributed processing combat system generally envisions one or more data busses. This paper presents the somewhat unorthodox viewpoint that a distributed switching network is a better transition vehicle for moving from today's federated architectures to the distributed-processing architectures of the future. The structure and operation of a distributed switching network concept, called Standard Information Transfer Architecture for Combat Systems (SITACS), is briefly described. Simulation results are presented which show throughput and timing values considerably better than that achievable by data bus systems.

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ASBESTOS - CASE-STUDY OF UNITED-STATES NAVYS RESPONSE TO UPGRADED SAFETY AND HEALTH REQUIREMENTS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1976年第6期88卷 41-48页

作者： WINER, A HOLTGREN, WD Mr. Allen Winer:received his M.S. degree in Chemistry from Tufts University. After working for a number of rubber companies in development and quality control he joined the U.S. Army Biomechanical Research Laboratory as an Organic Chemist. In 1963 he joined the Bureau of Ships and subsequently the Naval Ship Engineering Center where he is now employed as a Materials Engineer. He is the holder of two U.S. patents has published articles on cellular plastics for naval applications synthetic flotation materials for deep submergence vehicles plastic foams for marine salvage and passive fire protection for Aluminum Structures. He is a member of the American Chemical Society American Society for Testing and Materials and the Association of Scientists and Engineers. His present responsibilities now include technical cognizance for thermal insulation for piping and machinery. Currently he has the responsibility for implementing NA VSEA ‘s Asbestos Elimination/Substitution/Personnel Protection Program. where he has served as Safety Fire Protection and Damage Control Coordinator and Occupational Safety Officer. Cdr. Holtgren is active in the U.S. Naval Reserve holding the rank of Commander USNR-R Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He is the Navy member of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Sectional Committee on Gas Hazards a licensed Commercial Captain and Marine Engineer and has been a member of A.S.N.E. since 1969.

The U.S. Navy is becoming increasingly involved with more rigorous national safety and health requirements. The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established low tolerance limits for airborne asbestos particles. The Navy's response to this restriction is reflected by the decrease in exposure of personnel to this hazard. control has been accomplished by various means, such as wet processes, ventilation, vacuuming, use of respirators and proper procedures, as well as through training, education, and modernization. Most recently, exposure is being further decreased by prohibiting the use of asbestos containing materials where suitable substitutes have been designated and by revising applicable documentation. Asbestos exposure conditions will, however, be present in the Navy for the next 20 to 30 years due to the need for periodic “rip-out” of existing asbestos installations, for maintenance and repair purposes, and for those asbestos installations for which substitutes are not yet available. The Navy's near-term objective will be to develop improved procedures during “rip-out” operations, to provide even greater protection to personnel working with asbestos, and to identify remaining asbestos end items that must be replaced. TABLES 2 and 3 of this paper list the asbestos-free end items now specified for thermal insulation systems.

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