Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitati...
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Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze continued...challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative
The deformation of three types of sulfone polymers-polysulfone (PSF), poly(ether sulfone) (PESF), and polyarylsulfone (PASF)-was performed with a mechanical testing system (MTS). The result and samples were studied us...
The deformation of three types of sulfone polymers-polysulfone (PSF), poly(ether sulfone) (PESF), and polyarylsulfone (PASF)-was performed with a mechanical testing system (MTS). The result and samples were studied using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and a dielectric thermal analyzer (DETA). Stripes on TEM micrographs for small deformations increase with the fracture toughness (G(IC)). The activation energy (E(a)) of the alpha-transition was determined from DETA. The results show that both E(a) and TEM micrographs can be used to qualitatively estimate the order of G(Ic) of sulfone polymers. An energy model was proposed to explain this phenomenon.
Polymeric composites of polypyrrole/polyurethane (PPy/PU) were prepared by electrochemical polymerization. The resulting films had conductivities ranging from 10(-4) to 1 Scm-1, and showed significant improvement in t...
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Polymeric composites of polypyrrole/polyurethane (PPy/PU) were prepared by electrochemical polymerization. The resulting films had conductivities ranging from 10(-4) to 1 Scm-1, and showed significant improvement in their mechanical properties. By varying the conditions of polymerization, a range of mechanical, as well as electrical, properties could be obtained.
Detailed characteristics of the electrochromic performance of polypyrrole films under electrochemical doping and dedoping are studied. The response time for colour change in polypyrrole films depends on the dopant per...
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Detailed characteristics of the electrochromic performance of polypyrrole films under electrochemical doping and dedoping are studied. The response time for colour change in polypyrrole films depends on the dopant permeability. The change in film colour occurring in the redox reaction of the film is investigated in detail as a function of the dopant electrolyte solution and the thickness of the polypyrrole film. Three colour states for polypyrrole films are demonstrated: yellow green, dark brown, and blue.
A method of improving the interfacial bonding between carbon fibre and epoxy resin matrix is developed in the case of continuous electrochemical deposition (ECD) of polypyrrole on carbon fibres. The ECD-treated carbon...
A method of improving the interfacial bonding between carbon fibre and epoxy resin matrix is developed in the case of continuous electrochemical deposition (ECD) of polypyrrole on carbon fibres. The ECD-treated carbon fibres are characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), porous structure analysis and wettability measurements. Furthermore, mechanical evaluation is used to assess the macro-interfacial bonding capability of carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites. It is shown that there is a good interfacial bonding between ECD-treated carbon fibres and the epoxy resin. On the other hand, we also postulate the structure of polypyrrole-coated fibre to explain the bonding mechanism of carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites.
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