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Phi6 virus transmission in Arctic outdoor air and the effects of solar UV radiation on virus and host viability

environmental Advances 2024年 18卷

作者： Malmgren, Rasmus Sofieva-Rios, Svetlana Lakkala, Kaisa Asmi, Eija Sun, Yan Todt, Michael Heikkilä, Paavo Bamford, Dennis Romantschuk, Martin Atanasova, Nina University of Helsinki Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme (MIBS) Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Viikinkaari 9 Helsinki 00720 Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute Climate Research Programme Erik Palménin aukio 1 Helsinki 00560 Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute Space and Earth Observation Centre Tähteläntie 62 Sodankylä 99600 Finland University of Helsinki Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Niemenkatu 73 Lahti 15140 Finland Aerosol Physics Laboratory Physics Unit Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Tampere University Korkeakoulunkatu 3 Tampere 33720 Finland

Virus seasonality is affected by many environmental factors. UV radiation is a less studied but potentially important factor in virus outdoor aerosol transmission. Virus aerosol transmission in an Arctic environment was simulated by nebulizing Phi6 outdoors to study longer range (0-75 m) transmission. Aerosolized viruses were collected using host-containing agar plates, Biosamplers and filter collectors. Additionally, the effects of long-term exposure to solar UV radiation were studied on Phi6 and its host bacteria Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Phi6 remained infectious in aerosols for at least 50 m outdoors, however, potential for longer transmission distance still exists. Exposure to solar UV radiation did not significantly affect Phi6 viability, however, a decreasing trend was seen over an 8 h exposure time. Potential UV radiation related damages were found in the host bacteria's genome, but not in Phi6. This study shows that some viruses can remain infectious and travel for relatively long distances outdoors. Solar UV radiation was found to have minimal or no effect on Phi6 aerosol transmission at these distances, however, Phi6 is known to be resilient against UV radiation. Further studies are required with longer distance collection to understand the full potential of virus aerosol transmission outdoors. Additionally, other model viruses should be experimented with to understand how different viruses remain infectious in aerosols. © 2024

关键词： aerosol Aerosol transmission Aerovirology environmental microbiology environmental virology Ultraviolet radiation

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A plateau freshwater shallow lake as a significant CO2 sink during the ice-covered period: A case study of Lake Wuliangsuhai, China

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Science of the Total environment 2024年 955卷 177124页

作者： Sun, Yue Shi, Xiaohong Li, Guohua Li, Wenbao Zhao, Shengnan Yang, Zhaoxia Gong, Ming Hao, Xinyu Dai, Rujing Kang, Ruli Han, Yue Huotari, Jussi Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot010018 China Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory Hohhot010018 China State Gauge and Research station of Wetland Ecosystem Wuliangsuhai lake Inner Mongolia Bayan Nur014404 China Institute of Pastoral Hydraulic Research Ministry of Water Resources Hohhot010020 China Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Lammi Biological Station University of Helsinki LammiFI-16900 Finland Masinotek Oy Ensimmäinen Savu 2 VantaaFI-01510 Finland

Lakes are essential for estimating the global CO2 budget. However, approximately 50 % of lakes undergo periodic freezing, and there is limited research on the factors influencing the CO2 cycle and ice formation in freshwater lakes located in middle- and high-latitude plateaus during ice-covered periods. Using high-frequency meteorological-flux data collected over six consecutive months during the 2018–2019 freezing period of Lake Wuliangsuhai, this study explored the diurnal variation, daily accumulation, and monthly accumulation of the CO2 cycle and its influencing mechanisms at a half-hour scale. The key findings are as follows. Lakes are CO2 sinks during the ice-covered period, with the fluxes being −1.28 ± 4.79 gCm−2d−1. Net CO2 exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (RECO) during the monitoring period were −116.93 gCm−2,190.36 gCm−2, and 86.09 gCm−2, respectively. The lake ice-air CO2 cycle exhibited significant (p 2 sink was primarily driven by evaporation, latent heat, radiative sensible heat, and air pressure inhibition, whereas snow cover reduced the CO2 sink capacity by 73.01 %. CO2 capture by surface ice was mainly affected by external factors such as snow cover and solar radiation, whereas bottom ice capture was influenced by internal factors such as acid-base balance, the carbonate pump, and biological primary production. Bubble storage and ice crevice transport significantly affected CO2 migration. In summary, further research should focus on elucidating the CO2 capture mechanisms in seasonally frozen lakes located at middle and high latitudes, within subsequent lake‑carbon sink studies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Budget control

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Micro-climate of nature-based solutions in stockholm royal seaport

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Nature-Based Solutions 2025年 7卷

作者： Branny, Artur Andersson, Erik McPhearson, Timon Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom South Africa Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Stockholm Sweden Urban Systems Lab The New School New York City NY United States Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY United States

Extreme weather events are on the rise, increasingly impacting cities and their urban populations. In response, urban greening and nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as key approaches for reducing risks from multiple types of extreme climate and weather events while making a positive impact on urban social and environmental inequities. NbS interventions are high on urban agendas worldwide, but in practice, they often are hyper-local and contain novel ecological entities, with unknown capacity to deal with different pressures and disturbances. Thus, there is an urgent need to build knowledge around how, when, and under what circumstances different NbS can be expected to perform their functions as intended. One step towards building, and then constantly updating, such knowledge is to establish practices for monitoring and evaluating NbS. In this study, we showcase a novel approach based on wireless sensor technology that harnesses hyperlocal data in real time to understand the direct impact of NbS on the local climate across seasonal variation and under extreme weather conditions. We aimed to quantify to what extent NbS are contributing to ecosystem services such as cooling. To answer this, we installed eighteen microsensor weather stations across the biggest and most recent sustainable urban development in Sweden - Stockholm Royal Seaport. We investigated five distinct types of NbS - forest parks, green courtyards, rain gardens, green roofs, and lawns, during the summer of 2021 to examine whether real-time temperature changes varied between NbS site types. Despite large differences in vegetation and urban landscape, we did not observe a clear trend in air temperature differences between sites, even for experimental reference sites. Our analysis reveals that forest parks are the coolest and the green roofs are the warmest green places overall. The largest differences in daytime temperatures reached up to 2 °C difference between sites in summer, which gradually

关键词： climate adaptation IoT smart sensors urban cooling urban ecosystem services Urban heat island

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Keys to the city: an integrative conceptual framework on avian urban filtering

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Journal of Urban Ecology 2022年第1期8卷

作者： MacGregor-Fors, Ian García-Arroyo, Michelle Quesada, Javier Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FI-15140 Finland Departament de Vertebrats Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona Barcelona Catalonia 08003 Spain

Urbanization represents a multi-dimensional ecological 'filter' for birds determined by a myriad of variables that can change over time. Birds colonising an urban system or staying in a habitat that has been recently urbanised need to overcome both the extrinsic (e.g. food predictability, human activities, and inter-specific interaction) and intrinsic filter variables, ranging from genetic to behavioural changes and/or adjustments. An increasing body of knowledge has identified the behavioural component as crucial for individuals facing the spatiotemporal dynamic urban filters, often after other traits and mechanisms have played their role. Through both developmental (i.e. variability in the expression of genes during ontogeny) and activation plasticity (i.e. alteration of behaviour as a result of individual experience), studies have shown that the identification of cues in novel systems - often determined by extrinsic factors - and learning processes, among other factors, have important impacts on decision-making and innovation. The latter are crucial behavioural traits for thriving in urban settings. Thus, we propose an integrative mechanistic framework based on the process experienced by birds who reach a city and manage to persist in the novel system (becoming urban 'utilisers') or those that dwell in an urbanised region who increase their fitness through behavioural responses and adaptations, leading to population persistence (becoming 'dwellers'). Future field research efforts ought not only to widen the range of focal species, regions, and temporal scales of studies, but also to assess behavioural responses in highly urbanised settings, given that much of our knowledge comes from studies performed in urban greenspaces. Additionally, experimental studies are needed to complement the evidence from field research and to determine causal links. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.

关键词： adaptation birds cognitive capacity decision-making plasticity urban ecology

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Late-Weichselian (Vistulian) environmental Changes in Ne Poland – Evidence from Lake Suchar Wielki

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Filoc, Magdalena Kupryjanowicz, Miroslawa Suchora, Magdalena Luoto, Tomi P. Nevalainen, Liisa Department of Palaeobiology Faculty of Biology University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1J Bialystok15-425 Poland Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin Kraśnicka 2 D Lublin20-718 Poland Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 LahtiFI-15140 Finland

By applying pollen and subfossil Cladocera analyses to the Late-Weichselian section of the sediment profile from Lake Suchar Wielki, we aimed to track paleoenvironmental changes in NE Poland, locally (lake formation and its early development) and regionally (terrestrial plant succession). The article aims to indicate how not only stadial-interstadial changes were noticeable in the study area, but above all even short-term climatic *** obtained record covers the period of ca. 13,400-11,500 cal. BP, i.e. the older part of the Allerød interstadial (GI-1c1 to GI-1a), the Younger Dryas stadial (GS-1), and the very beginning of the Holocene. During the Allerød, a short-lasting cooling was recognized (the Gerzensee oscillation, GI-1b). It is the first study for this part of Poland evidencing the inter-Allerød cooling by the Cladocera-based mean July temperature reconstruction. In the palynological record it was reflected in an increased temporary share of Betula alba t. pollen, while in the Cladocera record in the appearance of cold-water taxa and low total abundance. At the transition to the Younger Dryas further cooling took place that was evidenced by the increase in the proportion of herbaceous plants together with a distinct decrease of tree pollen concentration in sediments as well as by important changes in Cladocera communities including reduced species diversity, disappearance of more demanding temperate taxa and the expansion of cold-tolerant species. The palaeobotanical record revealed that the proportion of juniper pollen in the studied area was lower than in other regions of NE Poland. A case study demonstrated this was mainly due to local conditions. Moreover, it is noteworthy that, at the end of the Younger Dryas, spruce appeared temporarily in local forest stands. The results of the study suggest climate change, which has also been recorded in ice cores from Greenland as cooling ca. 11,800–11,600 cal. BP. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserve

关键词： Lakes

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Cities, planetary boundaries, and degrowth

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2024年第4期8卷 e234-e241页

作者： Kronenberg, Jakub Andersson, Erik Elmqvist, Thomas Łaszkiewicz, Edyta Xue, Jin Khmara, Yaryna Social-Ecological Systems Analysis Lab Faculty of Economics and Sociology University of Lodz Lodz Poland Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom South Africa Department of Urban and Regional Planning Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway

Cities are the main hubs of human activity and the engines of economic growth. In pursuit of such growth, cities are transgressing their local environmental boundaries. Ongoing urbanisation increasingly contributes to the human pressure on planetary boundaries and negatively affects planetary health. In a telecoupled world, cities externalise impacts by shifting production and many other functions away from their boundaries. At the same time, urban inhabitants and people who follow urban lifestyles but live outside cities are increasingly disconnected from nature. This Viewpoint highlights the role of degrowth in keeping an urban planet within planetary boundaries and suggests areas for further research and policy. Degrowth calls for meaningfully connecting planetary boundaries with cities and ensuring everyone receives a fair share of their ecological capacity. Degrowth calls for lower use of existing resources, highlights political power asymmetries, and moves beyond pricing interventions. Degrowth addresses three key aspects that connect cities and urban lifestyles to planetary boundaries: reducing production and consumption, connecting people and nature, and including nature (to a more substantial extent) in the design of cities and in what is used and consumed in cities. A radical degrowth transformation of cities is necessary to stay within a safe operating space for humanity. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license

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Leveraging synergies between UAV and Landsat 8 sensors to evaluate the impact of pale lichen biomass on land surface temperature in heath tundra ecosystems

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Science of the Total environment 2025年 969卷 178982页

作者： Villoslada, Miguel Bergamo, Thaísa Kolari, Tiina Erlandsson, Rasmus Korpelainen, Pasi Räsänen, Aleksi Tahvanainen, Teemu Tømmervik, Hans Virtanen, Tarmo Winquist, Emelie Kumpula, Timo Department of Geographical and Historical studies University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 JoensuuFI-80101 Finland Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 5 TartuEE-51006 Estonia Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888 Succ. Centre-Ville MontréalQCH3C 3P8 Canada Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 111 JoensuuFI-80101 Finland FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment Tromsø Norway Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Sweden Geography Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland University Centre in Svalbard P.O. Box 156 Svalbard LongyearbyenN-9171 Norway

Pale terricolous lichens are a vital component of Arctic ecosystems, significantly contributing to carbon balance, energy regulation, and serving as a primary food source for reindeer. Their characteristically high albedo also impacts land surface temperature (LST) dynamics across various spatial scales. However, remote sensing of lichens is challenging due to their complex spectral signatures and large spatial variations in coverage and biomass even within local landscape scales. This study evaluates the influence of pale lichens on LST at local and landscape scales by integrating RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared imagery from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with multi-temporal Landsat 8 thermal data. An Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm was employed to map pale lichen biomass, areal extent, and the occurrence of major plant functional types in the sub-arctic heath tundra landscape in the Jávrrešduottar and Sieiddečearru areas on the Finland-Norway border. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were used to elucidate the factors affecting LST. The UAV model accurately predicted pale lichen biomass (R2 0.63) and vascular vegetation cover (R2 0.70). GAMs revealed that pale lichens significantly influence thermal regimes, with increased biomass leading to decreased LST, an effect more pronounced at the landscape scale (deviance explained 47.26 % and 65.8 % for local and landscape models, respectively). Pale lichen biomass was identified as the second most important variable affecting LST at both scales, with elevation being the most important variable. This research demonstrates the capability of UAV-derived models to capture the heterogeneous and fine-scale structure of tundra ecosystems. Furthermore, it underscores the effectiveness of combining high spatial resolution UAV and high temporal resolution satellite platforms. Finally, this study highlights the pivotal role of pale lichens in Arctic thermal dynamics and showcases how advanced remote sensing techniq

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Recycling Eutrophic Lake Sediments into Grass Production: A Four-Year Field Experiment on Agronomical and environmental Implications

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Kiani, Mina Zrim, Jure Simojoki, Asko Tammeorg, Olga Penttinen, Petri Markkanen, Tuuli Tammeorg, Priit Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia Department of Microbiology College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China Department of Microbiology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Inefficient use of phosphorus (P) fertilizers leads to the transfer of P into water bodies, causing their eutrophication. Sediment removal is a promising restoration strategy that permanently removes P accumulated in lake sediments, and opens the opportunity to use sediment P in agriculture. There is a paucity of multi-year field studies on the effects of recycling nutrient-rich sediments on crops and the environment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of using sediment from the 1- ha eutrophic Lake Mustijärv on plant growth, and also estimated the environmental impacts of recycling sediment by analysing GHG emissions, N and P leaching, aggregate stability, and soil biota in the field (2017–2020). The field experiment was established on the shore of the lake, and included three sediment application methods, along with the agricultural control soil (Soil) surrounding the lake. The sediment (Sed) resulted in a similar growth performance to the Soil. The availability of most macro- and micronutrients including P were far greater in the Sed compared to the sandy loam Soil. The sediment-based growing media emitted more CO2 than the Soil because of the high rate of microbiological decomposition of organic matter. Applying excavated sediment in a thick layer slightly increased the risk of mineral N and P leaching, though the average concentrations in the leachate were below the maximum threshold values for causing risk in water bodies. The bacterial and fungal community structures of the Sed were strongly differentiated from those of Soil. Also, Sed had lower bacterial diversity and higher abundance of the bacterial phyla associated with solubilizing P including Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. With the aim of closing the P cycle and reaching a more sustainable nutrient management instead of disposing of sediments in landfills, this case study can be upscaled to other lakes with similar sediment properties. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lakes

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A framework for identifying cross-border impacts of climate change on the energy sector

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environment Systems and Decisions 2019年第1期39卷 3-15页

作者： Groundstroem, Fanny Juhola, Sirkku Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 2A P.O. Box 65 Helsinki 00014 Finland

This paper presents a conceptual framework based on a supply chain approach and a statistical index to identify potential cross-border impacts on the current energy systems of the Nordic countries. Three examples illustrate the usability of the framework and highlight the significance of cross-border impacts for different segments of the energy sector. Additionally, the incorporation of cross-border impacts within Nordic climate assessments and adaptation policies are assessed by reviewing governmental reports and documents. Findings show that all the Nordic countries are vulnerable to various degrees to potential cross-border impacts, due to their energy sectors being highly globalised and interconnected. Nodes of vulnerability exist in both import and export supply chains, as well as through the global context. However, cross-border impacts are not yet properly included in Nordic climate assessments or energy strategies. This paper can assist policy makers and energy planners in making comprehensive vulnerability assessments that address both domestic and international climate risks. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Climate and energy policy Climate change adaptation Climate change risk assessment Nordic countries Supply chain management

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High starter phosphorus fertilization facilitates soil phosphorus turnover by promoting microbial functional interaction in an arable soil

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2020年第8期32卷 179-185页

作者： Hongzhe Li Qingfang Bi Kai Yang Simon bo Lasson Bangxiao Zheng Li Cui Yongguan Zhu Kai Ding Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 FrederiksbergDenmark Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Niemenkatu 73FI-15140 University of HelsinkiFinland State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Microbial phosphorus(P)turnover is critical in C utilization efficiency in *** is therefore necessary to understand the P mobilization processes occurring during P fertilization in order to ensure both crop yield and environmental ***,we established a controlled pot experiment containing soil amended with three different levels of starter P fertilizer and collected soil samples after 30,60,and 90 days of *** microbial element cycling(QMEC)smart chip technology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate functional gene structures involved in carbon,nitrogen and P cycling and the bacterial community composition of the collected *** P fertilization did not significantly affect the structure of the soil microbial community,some rare microbiota were changed in particular phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were enriched at the high P fertilization level,suggesting that the rare taxa make an important contribution to P turnover.P fertilization also altered the functional gene structure,and high P concentrations enhanced the functional gene diversity and *** redundancy analysis further revealed that changes in rare taxa and functional genes of soil microorganisms drive the alteration of soil P *** findings extend our understanding of the microbial mechanisms of P turnover.

关键词： Quantitative microbial element cycling(qmec)smart chip Functional genes Rare microbiota

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